• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 1999

The correlation between maternal lipid nutritional status during pregnancy and gestational length was investigated. Subjects consisted of 30 full-term delivery mothers, 30 preterm delivery mothers, and babies of both groups. Dietary fat intake during pregnancy and serum lipid levels in mother and umbilical serum were measured. The mean daily intake levels of fatty acid during pregnancy were lower than the recommended dietary allowances, while $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios of dietary fatty acids were acceptable. For preterm delivery mothers, fatty acid intake levels to be lower than those in full-term delivery mothers, especially DHA intake of these two groups was significantly different. During gestation, hyperlipidemia was apparent in the pregnant women. The serum lipid contents of preterm delivery mothers tended to be lower than those of full-term delivery mothers, and umbilical cord serum lipid contents of the preterm delivery group tended to be higher than those of the full-term delivery group. Total cholesterol levels in the umbilical cord serum of preterm babies were significantly higher than those of full-term delivery group. On the other hand, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels between umbilical cord serum and maternal serum were positively correlated in the preterm delivery group. Concerning, energy and fatty acid intakes were more closely associated with umbilical cord serum lipid levels in full-term babies, but negatively associated in preterm babies. It was concluded that gestational length was related to the dietary intake of fatty acids such as DHA in pregnant women. For better understanding, the ralationship between placental lipid transport mechanisms and gestational length needs to be explored.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out whether herbal medication during pregnancy causes any deformity in the unborn fetus. Methods: Thirty-five gynecological outpatients of KyungHee Univ. Oriental Hospital (1996. 10 - 1999. 2) who had taken herbal medication during pregnancy were questioned about duration of pregnancy at the moment, chief complaints, kinds of herbal medicine taken and its dosage and they were asked to answer the questionnaire over the phone about duration of pregnancy at the time of delivery, the newborn’s weights, delivery methods and the condition of deformity. Results and conclusions: The results of this experiment in which 35 pregnant women with the experience of herbal medication during pregnancy confirm that herbal medication during pregnancy does not cause any deformity to the newborn. It is thought that more studies through clinical follow-up and experiments are needed in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.139-149
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between variety pregnancy related factors and postpartum BMI change. Methods: Analyzing the BMI of 125 postpartum women in oriental medical hospital of O O university from March, 2008 to May, 2008. Age, pregnancy period. type of delivery, parity, pregravida(PG) BMI, weight and BMI gain during pregnancy, gestational maximum(GMx) BMI were recorded. BMI also checked on each postpartum 7days(P7d), 14days(P14d), 90days(P90d), And we distinguished into Sasang Constitution by QSCC II. Results: The following results were obtained: 1. Age. pregnancy period were not correlated to postpartum BMI change. 2. PG BMI were lower in normal delivery group than caesarean delivery group. 3. PG BMI was lower in primipara group than multipara group. Weight and BMI gain during pregnancy. P90d BMI were lower in multipara group. 4. PG, GMx, P7d, P14d, P90d BMI were significally high in Taeumin. 5. PG BMI were correlated to GMx, P7d, P14d, P90d BMI. 6. Weight and BMI gain during pregnancy were correlated to GMx BMI and P7d, P14d, P90d BMI, BMI loss. Conclusion: This results suggested that weight and BMI gain during pregnancy have the best relationship with postpartum weight change.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for preventing preterm delivery in the aspects of blood pressure and hematic parameters. The blood pressure, hematic parameters, relationship between hematic parameters and nutritional intakes and pregnancy outcomes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Diastolic blood pressure was statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. White blood cells (p < 0.005) and alanine amino transferase (p < 0.05) of 3rd trimester in pregnancy were statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. Alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) were statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Inverse relationships between niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc intakes and bilirubin (p < 0.05) were shown. Vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood protein, but zinc intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood protein. Vitamin B6 intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood albumin. Calcium intakes (p < 0.005) and iron intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood lactate dehydrogenase. Also, vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood glucose. Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (p < 0.005) was statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Birth weight (p < 0.0001) and birth length (p < 0.005) of the neonates were all statistically lower in the preterm delivery group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2007

Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Calories (p<0.05), carbohydrates (p<0.0005), dietary fibers (p<0.0001), potassium (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.0001), and folic acid (p<0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and folic acid (p<0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$ vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.41-54
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze various forms of musculoskeletal pain during different stages such as antenatal, pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. The data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey with a structured questionnaire to 113 subjects. The survey was administered from May, 2003 to March, 2004 with subjects selected from postpartum centers in 3 different areas: Kangnam, Kangbook, and Bucheon. Analytical tools used for this study were frequency analysis, crosstabulation, percentage analysis, independent t-test, chi-square, and multiple response analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Comparison study of musculoskeletal pain according to variables including a pregnant woman's age, delivery techniques, different types of delivery such as primiparity, multiparity, dystocia, easy delivery, shows that these relationships are statistically not significant (p>0.05). 2. A total of 61.9% gave positive responses for the question about the relationship between musculoskeletal pain during postpartum and that in preparation of labor, but shows that this relationship was statistically not significant (p>0.05). 3. Relationships between forms of musculoskeletal pain in different phases are significant (p<0.05). The compared phases are: premarriage and pre-pregnancy, premarriage and antenatal, premarriage and postpartum, premarriage and lactiferous phase, pre-pregnancy and antenatal, pre-pregnancy and postpartum, and pre-pregnancy and lactiferous phase. However, results for the comparison between antenatal and postpartum, antenatal and lactiferous phase, and postpartum and lactiferous phase show that these relationships are statistically not significant (p>0.05). According to this study, musculoskeletal pain which occurred during antenatal is significantly related to the pain occurring during postpartum. Results produced from this study might be used as a helpful tool for developing educational programs aiming at teaching self pain-detection performable at home or at the workplace and body maintenance during the course of antenatal and postpartum.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 2000

This study was carried out to find the factors which are related to the weight gain during pregnancy of women and infant birth weight. The information of the general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the 506 women who had a delivery during Jan to Dec, 1997 in a hospital at Taegu area were collected from the medical records. The results are as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 29 years old and the average prepregnancy weight was 52.75kg. They gained 13.51kg of weight during the pregnancy. The weight gain during pregnancy was higher in prepregnancy BMI<20kg/m$^2$, the infant weight was heavier in groups that had over 14kg of weight gain during the pregnancy than other groups. The prepregnancy BMI was negatively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy(r=0.2825), and positively correlated to number of pregnancy(r=0.2146), number of living delivery(r=0.1409), and infant weight(r=0.1250). The baby weight was Positively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy(r=0.1392) and Apgar score(r=0.1627). The results showed that the prepregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy may be the influential factors on the infant weight, thus we need to develop the specific nutritional management program according to the status of prepregnancy weight.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the degree of prenatal emotional status, preparation for delivery, postpartum social support, and postpartum blues and to investigate the relationship of the above variables in postpartum women. Method: The subjects were 131 postpartum women. Selection criteria were women who were 2 to 8 weeks post delivery. After Informed consent was obtained, they were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The instrument was a Postnatal Depression & Anxiety check list. Result: The mean age of the subjects was 29.3 years, and 63.4% of subjects delivered their children by vaginal birth. 18.3 percent had felt depressed during their pregnancy. The mean score of the postpartum blues was 19.2. 61.8 percent of the subjects had postpartum blues and 8.4 percent experienced postpartum depression. Monthly income was negatively correlated to postpartum blues (r=-.189, p<.05), but the emotional status during pregnancy had a significant and positive relationship. However, preparation for delivery had no significant correlation with postpartum blues. While husband support and social support had a tendency to have a negative correlation. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the factors that affect the emotional status during pregnancy with various scales. Also, intervention programs to increase emotional support for pregnancy and husband support are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.929-935
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise on maternal nutrients intake and pregnancy outcome. The number of subjects were 567 pregnant women at local general hospital in Daegu. General characteristics data and 24- hour food recalls were collected by trained interviewer. Structured interview and medical record review were carried out at first prenatal and delivery visit(included age, delivery history, height, pre-pregnancy weight, and pregnancy outcome etc). Regular exercise performance was surveyed at third trimester and 31.4% of subjects exercised regularly Overall weight gains during pregnancy were 13.9 $\pm$ 3.8kg and 14.7 $\pm$ 4.7kg in the exercise and sedentary group, respectively. The type of exercise was mainly strolling and light aerobic exercise. Usually firstpara subjects exercised more regularly than multipara subjects. There is no significant difference between regular exercise and severity of morning sickness. Weight gain during pregnancy was not relate to regular exercise. Though there is not statistically significant, the nutrients intakes were higher in regular exercise group than in sedentary group. We concluded regular exercise during pregnancy neither influenced pregnancy weight gain, severity of morning sickness nor baby birth weight but it could affect the nutritional and health statues of mother.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.721-732
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the status of pregnancy and delivery and relationship among knowledge, attitude and practice about pregnancy and delivery in poor country, Nepal. A questionnaire survey by interviewer was conducted to examine the general characteristics, knowledge about pregnancy and delivery, attitude about pregnancy and delivery, the rate of prenatal care and delivery condition of women who had an experience of delivery during last year$(1994.4.13\sim1995.4.12)$ at a rural area, nepal(Dolakha Bazar Area). The major findings are as follows ; Among respondents, 87.5 percentage never had health education and the degree of knowledge about pregnancy and delivery was low. Among respondents, 56.6 percentage had the attitude that they didn't want antenatal care, 42.8 % of respondents answered that they wouldn't visit hospital or health center when vaginal bleeding occurred and 82.9% thought that the delivery itself was dirty. The proportion of women who experienced antenatal care was 28.3%, the proportion of health facilities delivery was 5.3%, which was very low and 82.6% of home delivery case didn't sanitate the tool to cut the umbilical cord. The women who had positive attitude about antenatal care and health facility utilization experienced more antenatal care and health facilities delivery. On consideration of above findings, health education for pregnancy and delivery is required to improve mother-child health status in poor country. To make efficient health education, the target population group, such as the uneducated, inhabitants far from health center or medical facility, must be chosen. To help the poor countries in medical field, the study on health status and its related factors on these countries like this article would be required.