• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2009

It is known that Korean pregnant women take iron supplements at a higher than the recommended level. This study was designed to provide data on current iron intake levels both from food sources and supplement to better guide iron supplement use during pregnancy. We also explored associations of iron supplement intake levels with various sociocultural factors and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of 510 pregnant women were assessed by a validated 102-item food frequency questionnaire, and information on types and amounts of nutritional supplement intakes were also attained. While dietary intake levels of most nutrients exceeded the KDRIs (Korea Dietary Reference Intakes: EAR: Estimated Average Requirements), folate fell short of the KDRIs. A total of 428 women (83.9%) reported to take iron supplement. The pregnant women were divided into the three groups (group I: Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ EAR, group II: EAR < Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ 3 times of EAR, group III: 3 times of EAR < Fe supplement intake). The mean dietary intake of iron was 24% of the total iron intake for pregnant women. Iron intake from food was not significantly different among I, II, and III. In case of iron intake from supplements, the most frequent dose (34.1%) was 90-100 mg/day, and the mean iron supplement intake was 362% of the EAR. The study findings showed that those with higher levels of iron supplements had better meal quality measured by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and INQ (Index of Nutrient Quality). In addition iron supplement intake levels were significantly related to age (20s: 66.5 ${\pm}$ 38.6 mg/day, 30s: 77.3 ${\pm}$ 47.8 mg/day, p < 0.0116) and experience of childbirth (1st pregnancy: 70.9 ${\pm}$ 41.2 mg/day, 2nd pregnancy: 64.5 ${\pm}$ 39.5 mg/day, ${\ge}$ 3rd pregnancy: 94.4 ${\pm}$ 63.8 mg/day, p < 0.005). However, no significant difference was found between iron supplement intake levels and various pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, birth height, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, and jaundice. It is worrisome that iron intake by supplement use greatly exceeded the EAR, suggesting the need of appropriate guidelines for iron supplement intake during pregnancy. Thus iron overdose from supplements in pregnancy should be considered as a serious condition.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.382-392
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify some natural meaning through the dosage experience of psychoactive drugs in women patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The Hermeneutic phenomenology written by van Manen was used. The period for data collection was from November 2009 to January 2010. This study took place in mental health hospitals and mental health centers in two cities in North Jeolla Province. Nine patients with schizophrenia participated. Data collection was done through individual in-depth interview. Results: The seven natural subjects demonstrated by participants from this study were 'Pills forcibly taken like veiled threats', 'A terrible side effect, a side effect rooted slowly', 'Shame which cannot be hidden as a woman', 'A bad medicine took away from motherhood', 'The fate of a wife who can't be equal', 'A struggle for the complete recovery without promise', and 'Participants want the future without medicine'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the urgent need to develop a safe and believable psychoactive drug for woman patients considering the time of menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and child raising.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of Korean Medicine (KM) doctors toward infertility treatment evaluation tools and develop a standard evaluation tool for mental and physical function improvement following Korean medicine treatment. Methods: An online survey (Moaform) was conducted, and responses were analyzed for members of the Society of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology and KM doctors who participated in the 2021-2022 traditional Korean medicine treatment infertility support program in Gyeonggi-do. Results: In fertility treatment, the most effective indicators that KM doctors wanted to evaluate other than pregnancy and childbirth were reproductive health indicators, overall health improvement, and stress improvement (33.1%, 21.2%, 18.9%). Furthermore, 45.1% of the respondents had experience using the presented infertility stress evaluation tools. For each evaluation tool, 52.1% and 54.6% of the respondents answered that it 'does not reflect the changing circumstances of the times' and that there were 'too many questions'. As for the developing a standard evaluation tool for infertility treatment in KM, KM doctors expected a simple and clear tool focusing on the pregnancy rate. They also wanted the tool to include a reproductive health index, overall function improvement and stress improvements. Conclusions: The survey confirmed the need to evaluate indicators for reproductive health, mental health, and infertility stress in addition to pregnancy rate to assess the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment. It also confirms the necessity of developing an infertility stress evaluation tool with simplified questions that reflects the changing time.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research related with unmarried mother. Method: 81 theses about unmarried mother from 1972 to 2003 were analyzed according to the theses' characteristics, sources by publication period, research design, nursing intervention effect of experimental study and theme of qualitative research. Results: 1. The number of studies related with unmarried mother has progressively increased by year from 1972, and that of theses was highest during the period between 2000 to 2003. 2 As for study design, the number of quantitative studies were 73 and that of qualitative studies were 8. The majority of research design were survey and correlational studies. 3. Nursing intervention used in the experimental design were stress management program, eco-system support group, group art treatment, career education program, musical activities, prenatal education. All of experimental design were used in the after 2000. 4. The themes of qualitative studies were childbirth experience, a participatory on the life, mother's keeping a child, experience of pregnancy and delivery, the self-group program, the process and experience of becoming unmarried adolescent mother, needs of single mothers with child and policy of social welfare service, lived experience of hope. All of these were used in the after 1999. Conclusions: The summary of the above results shows a tendency that the study has increased by year. Especially, experimental study proved affirmative effect. However, for the unmarried mother, more experimental and qualitative studies are to be required.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

연구는 2016년 5월부터 9월까지 경상북도에 소재한 산부인과에서 외래 진료를 받는 분만 전까지의 임신부에서 연구참여에 동의한 자 191명의 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 분석하였다. 임신부의 인구사회학적 특성, 임신관련 특성, 사회적 지지, 수면의 질 및 OHIP와 우울수준과의 관련성을 규명하기 위해 시도되었으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 임신부들의 우울수준 분포는 건강군이 25.1%, 우울군이 74.9%로 나타났다. 우울수준은 결혼생활만족에 불만족하는 군일수록, 직업이 없는 군일수록, 사회적 지지가 낮은 군일수록, 수면의 질이 좋지 않은 군일수록, OHIP가 높은 군일수록 우울군의 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 분만경험이 있는 군에 비해 없는 군에서 우울수준이 높은 군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 증가한 반면, 사회적 지지가 낮은 군에 비해 높은 군에서 우울수준이 높은 군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 감소하였다. 우울수준은 수면의 질 및 OHIP와는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 사회적 지지와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 결혼생활만족도가 낮은 군일수록, 분만경험이 없는 군일수록, 사회적 지지가 낮은 군일수록, OHIP가 높은 군일수록 우울수준이 높았으며, 이들의 설명력은 22.3%였다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하여 보면 임신부의 결혼생활만족도, 분만경험, 사회적 지지, OHIP 등이 우울과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 임신부의 우울을 감소시키기 위해서는 다양한 변수들을 충분히 고려한 입체적인 연구 모형을 구축하고 검증하여 긍정적인 사고를 형성할 수 있는 프로그램 개발 및 적용하는 방안을 모색하는 후속 연구가 계속되어야 할 것이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2023

Background: This study investigated the awareness and utilization of maternity protection and work-family balance support policies among dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics. Methods: We surveyed 200 dental hygienists. Twenty-two who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, leaving 178 participants for analysis. The self-administered 48-item questionnaire gathered information on demographics, workplace details, policy awareness, government knowledge, and suggestions for improvement. Results: Awareness of maternity and family support programs significantly differed with age, marital status, number of children, and clinical experience. Dental hygienists in general hospitals and university hospitals reported greater ease of utilizing these policies compared to those in dental clinics. Among the participants, 27.7% took pre- and post-maternity leave, 26.6% took parental leave, 16.9% had reduced working hours during pregnancy, 15.8% had reduced working hours during childhood,and 8.5% during family leave. To promote program uptake, participants suggested mandatory implementation across workplaces (68.4%), expanded support for substitute workers (48.6%), and increased education and promotion of government support (42.4%). Conclusion: While most dental hygienists were aware of the Maternity Protection and Work-Family Balance Assistance Policy, utilizing it proved challenging due to several factors. Organizational policies or practices may not fully implement this policy, while workplace culture could discourage its use. Unfair treatment and the lack of available substitutes further hindered access. To prevent career interruptions for dental hygienists due to pregnancy, childbirth, childcare, and family care, and to maintain career continuity, the dental community and government should establish a multifaceted social support system. This system should prioritize several key areas: strengthening policy promotion, fostering a family-friendly atmosphere, improving management and supervision of policy implementation and developing a robust support system for substitute personnel.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2022

Purpose: Although the term "transition to motherhood" is commonly used in research, the concept is not clear. This study, hence, was conducted to clarify the concept of "transition to motherhood." Methods: The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant is used to analyze the concept of transition to motherhood. Results: Transition to motherhood is defined as the physical, psychological, social, and relational (mother-baby relationship/interpersonal relationship) changes that happen to a woman after pregnancy and delivery of a baby. The attributes of the transition to motherhood include: 1) adapting to physical changes after pregnancy and childbirth; 2) experiencing various psychological changes; 3) changing of her social perception from being a woman to someone's mother; and 4) forming and developing a relationship with the newborn, adjusting priorities, and redefining the relationship between family and others. Meeting the newborn is regarded as an antecedent of the transition to motherhood. Redefining identity and physical image, ensuring mother's well-being, maternal attachment, and confidence in the maternal role are regarded as consequences of the transition to motherhood. The concept was clarified by the presentation of model, borderline, and contrary cases. Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the clarification of the concept of transition to motherhood and defining its attributes. It is recommended that tools be developed to measure transition to motherhood based on the results of this study. Furthermore, nurses and midwives can use study findings to better understand the concept of transition to motherhood in providing care and support to mothers who experience it.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2016

본 연구는 임신부의 구강건강상태와 구강건강행태에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 조사해 그 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 2014년6월23일~7월30일까지 전라북도 일부지역 임신부 127명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 PASW Statistics 18.0을 사용하여 주요 측정변수에 대한 Shapiro-Wilk 정규성을 검정하였다. 대상자의 주관적 구강건강상태, 구강건강관심도는 임신기간에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 조사대상자의 46.5%가 자신이 '건강하다'고 느끼고 있으며 51.2%가 자신의 구강건강상태가 '건강하다'고 응답했고, 57.5%가 자신의 구강건강에 관심이 '있다'고 응답했다. 구강건강행태에 따른 삶의 질은 구강보건교육경험이 없는 경우, 칫솔질 횟수가 3회 이하인 경우, 정기적으로 검진을 받지 않은 경우, 치석제거 경험이 없는 경우 삶의 질이 낮게 나타났다. OHIP-14에 유의한 영향변수는 임신 기간이 길수록, 분만경험이 없고, 주관적 건강상태, 주관적 구강건강상태가 건강하지 않을수록 구강건강관련 삶의 질이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 임신부의 구강건강관련 삶의 질은 주관적으로 인지하는 구강건강 상태와 구강건강행태가 밀접한 연관이 있으므로 이를 개선하기 위한 구강보건교육 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2021

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes and identify factors that influence sexual attitudes among Mongolian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. Participants include 200 students from 23 universities in U city in Mongolia. Data were collected from 1 December to 30 December of 2019. A self-report questionnaire through Google survey was used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyse with SPSS 26.0 for Window Program. Results: We found the differences between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes according to participants' general characteristics, sex education, and sexual knowledge (t=5.43, p<.001) and sexual attitudes (t=2.21, p=.028), sexual experience and sexual knowledge. There was no correlation with marriage thought among sexual knowledge, sexual health and pregnancy and childbirth, and sexual attitudes. The correlations between the remaining variables were high. Sexual knowledge was the most influential factor on sexual attitudes followed by the sexual act (β=.30, p<.001), reproductive organs (β=.29, p<.001), solving sexual desire (β=-.25, p<.001), sexual experience (β=-.16, p=.021), and sex education (β=-.16, p=.028) with an explanatory power of 20.0%. Conclusion: The findings of this study may provide a basic data and help to understanding of sexual attitudes among Mongolia university students.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2009

본 연구는 2008년 3월 26일부터 4월 16일까지 서울, 경기, 충북지역의 18세 이상의 미혼 또는 기혼의 가임여성을 대상으로 총 210부의 설문지를 배부하여 직접 작성하게 하였으며, 자료처리에 부적합한 2부를 제외한 208부를 자료 분석 이용하였다. 임신 중 구강진료와 구강건강상태 및 구강건강관리 인지도를 조사 분석하기 위하여 본 연구를 진행하였으며, 임산부의 구강건강관리 행태를 개선하기 위한 구강보건교육 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 1. 임신기간 중 입덧 후 잇솔질을 하는가에 대해 연령에 따라서는 18~29세(67.3%), 30~39세(47.3%)는 한다는 응답이 많았고, 40~49세(51.0%), 50세이상(52.0%)은 잇솔질을 하지 않는다는 응답이 많은 것으로 조사되었으며(p < 0.001), 임신경험 유무에 따라서는 임신 중인 조사자 72.2%, 출산경험이 있는 조사자 43.0%가 하는 것으로 조사되었다(p < 0.05). 2. 구강진료 중 걱정되는 것에 내에 연령별에 따라서는 50세 이상(56.0%)에서는 비용이라고 응답하였으며, 18~29에(39.2%), 30~39세(44.6%), 40~49세(41.5%)는 통증이라는 응답이 가장 많았다(p < 0.05). 임신경험 유무에 따라서는 임신 중인 조사에서는 통증(38.9%), 유산(27.8%), 비용(22.2%)순이었으며, 출산경험이 있는 조사자들은 통증(45.0%), 비용(22.8%), 유산(14.8%) 순으로 응답하였고, 임신경험이 없는 조사자는 비용(52.2%), 통증(13.0%)순으로 응답하였다(p < 0.05). 3. 임신 중 구강진료를 받아야 하는가에 대해 연령별에 따라 18~29세, 50세 이상에서는 받으면 안된다가 각각 41.9%, 52.0%로 가장 높았으며, 30~39세와 40~49세는 각각 53.6%, 54.7%가 받아도 된다는 응답이 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 임신경험 유무에 따라서는 임신 중인 조사자는 63.9%, 출산경험이 있는 조사자는 46.3%가 받아도 된다고 응답하였으며, 임신경험이 없는 조사자는 받아도 된다, 받으면 안된다가 각각 34.8%로 조사되었다(p < 0.05). 4. 보조구강위생용품이 필요한가에 대해 18~29세(47.3%), 30~39세(46.4%)에서는 필요하다는 응답이 가장 많았으며, 40~49세(41.5%), 50세 이상(48.0%)은 모르겠다는 응답이 가장 많았다(p < 0.05).