• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

Automobile manufacturing companies should provide the products and service that can satisfy consumers who usually want various kinds of automobiles. This paper studied the relations among several demographic characteristics(gender, age, occupation, income) of consumers and automobile's attributes(engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, color, etc.) and preferred automobile(kind, size, company, price). For the relation research we established a model and related hypotheses and used a questionnaire survey, where 350 subjects were questioned. After the analysis, many statistically significant results are obtained : consumer's gender has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, color, and design; age has relations with the preference for engine displacement, maintenance expenses, free checking during A/S period, etc., occupation has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, fuel efficiency, etc. : income has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, mileage, reputation of car manufacturing companies, etc.; price and fuel efficiency has relations with the preference for car manufacturing companies. These results suggest the consumer-oriented sales of automobiles and are expected to be helpful for the effective strategy development of automobile marketing.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권62호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2001

Based on the past research works on the relationship between face types and personality, personality and purchasing behavior, personality and color preference, face types and preference color, the author made a surmise that there could be any differences in color preference of purchasing automobiles according to face types. Objective of this research is to analyze what differences there are preferred colors of purchasing automobile according to face types. The questionnaires for preferred color of purchasing automobile were carefully surveyed, which was classified again by the face types. The result showed the facts, that the reverse-triangle face type preferred red color, the rectangular type yellow one, the round type green one, the diamond type the blue one, respectively. We suggested that the result could be utilized in establishing the automobile sales policy, provided some problems are fixed and the concrete researches into the factors that have influence on buying patterns and into the preferred color are carried out.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify new routes for transporting automobiles from Korea to Mongolia by comparing them with the existing route. At present, a route from the Incheon Port through the Tianjin Port to Zamiin-Uud is commonly used to transport containerized cargo from Korea to Mongolia. This study examined five possible logistics routes from Korea to Mongolia using a time/cost-distance methodology based on real data. Through consecutive discussions with importers and freight forwarders in Mongolia, the potential routes were selected and costs, distance, and lead time were evaluated to provide additional route options for automobile logistics from Korea to Mongolia. The results indicated that each route could be ranked in terms of the total cost while the lead time for all options in the present COVID-19 period is 2 - 4 months, with no difference among the routes. In addition, although the confidence index of all routes was not impressive, route 3 was the most preferred option, followed by route 1. However, the study results cannot provide the answer to the question of "which route is more attractive for transporting automobiles from Korea to Mongolia." This limitation notwithstanding, this study provides real information on the critical factors of distance, cost, and lead time in terms of the selected transportation routes so that importers and exporters can compare the routes in terms of the priority of each factor in uncertain logistics environment.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.352-367
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• 2021

Purpose: This research aims to examine gender preferences for men and women advertising models in Saudi advertisements. Saudi Arabia is known as one of the most gender-segregated society in the world, and it has gender-specific roles, characteristics, and behaviors that are undesirable for the other gender. Methodology: The questionnaire was developed with the help of earlier studies on perceptions towards advertising models and validated by a jury of experts and focus groups. The gender preferences for ten product categories (including automobiles, baby care products, cigarettes, cosmetics for women, fashion, food & beverages, motorcycles, personal care for men, personal care for women, sporting goods) were examined for men and women models. Similarly, three personal preferences characteristics for both genders (face beauty, voice quality, and Islamic dress), two characteristics for women models (body shape, femininity), and two characteristics for men models (height-weight balance, masculinity) were examined for men and women models separately. Finally, a survey was conducted to solicit responses from respondents (N=412). Findings: Results indicated significant gender preferences for gender-specific product categories and typical gender stereotypes in advertising models. Men models were preferred in men-specific products, and women models were required in women-specific products. Some product categories (including personal care for men and sporting goods) were ranked higher for men advertising models, while for women advertising models, other product categories (including personal care for women and cosmetics for women) were ranked higher. Masculinity was ranked highest as the preferred personal characteristic for men advertising models, while voice quality was highest for women advertising models. Finally, there is a significant difference between the preferred personal characteristic for men and women advertising models for three characteristics, including face beauty, Islamic dress, and masculinity and femininity. Implications: Saudi Arabia is a unique society with predominantly unique cultural dominance. Consequently, local culture greatly influences advertisements. It has stereotyped gender roles even in advertisements. This study will establish a baseline for further research on the subject area.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

The automotive industry tries to provide infotainment systems to emerging automobiles. Since the infotainment systems require various peripheral devices and network connectivity, legacy operating systems such as Linux and Windows can be much preferred due to its plentiful device drivers and multimedia applications while the operating systems following OSEK standard are used for automotive electronic control units. Thus it is highly desired that the system software supporting infotainment applications can be portable over different legacy operating systems providing unified programming interfaces. The majority of legacy operating systems support POSIX interfaces for application development. MOST is an automotive network standard for infotainment systems. Network Service defines the protocol stacks for MOST control data, which is essential to implement infotainment applications over MOST. In this paper, we suggest a POSIX-based Network Service so that we can utilize legacy device drivers and applications for automotive infotainment systems. We measure the performance of the POSIX-based Network Service and show that its overhead is not significant.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

본 연구는 아시아의 선진 국가로써 이에 따른 자동차 시장도 성숙 단계에 있는 일본과 한국의 수도권에 거주하는 소비자에게 소비자의 특성에 따른 저탄소자동차의 선택속성요인과 저탄소자동차 유형별 예상구입시기에 대해 온라인 설문 조사를 기반으로 비교 고찰하고자 하였다. 본연구의 결과 한국과 일본의 소비자 특성과 소비자의 저탄소자동차의 선택속성요인과의 차이분석을 살펴본 결과 한국의 경우 성별에는 차이가 없으며 연령별로 보았을 때 경제성에는 차이가 있으며 소득수준별로 보았을 때 안정성에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 연령에 따라 저탄소자동차 선택속성요인이 나이가 들어감에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 소득수준이 높아감에 따라 저탄소자동차 선택시 안정성을 더욱 중요하게 여기는 요인으로 보았다. 일본의 경우는 성별, 연령별, 소득별로 저탄소자동차의 선택속성요인에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국과 일본 모두 저탄소 자동차 유형에 따른 향후 구매시기와의 연관성에 있어서는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점 한국은 연령별로 보았을 때 경제적 측면을 중시하며 저탄소자동차를 선택하려는 경향이 있으며 소득수준별로 보았을 때 소득수준에 따라 저탄소자동차의 안전성을 중시하려는 경향이 있다는 의미 있는 결과를 얻었다 반면 일본의 경우 소비자특성별로 차이 없이 저탄소자동차를 선택하는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 저탄소자동차의 유형에 따른 예상구매시기의 연관성은 한국은 저탄소자동차 유형중 향후 10년 이내에서 선호차량은 전기자동차를 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며 일본은 하이브리드 차를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.198-214
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• 2016

Oval substrates are widely used in automobiles to reduce the exhaust emissions in Diesel oxidation Catalyst of CI engine. Because of constraints in space and packaging Oval substrate is preferred rather than round substrate. Obtaining the flow uniformity is very challenging in oval substrate comparing with round substrate. In this present work attempts are made to optimize the inlet cone design to achieve the optimal flow uniformity with the help of CATIA V5 which is 3D design tool and CFX which is 3D CFD tool. Initially length of inlet cone and mass flow rate of exhaust stream are analysed to understand the effects of flow uniformity and pressure drop. Then short straight cones and angled cones are designed. Angled cones have been designed by two methodologies. First methodology is rotating flow inlet plane along the substrate in shorter or longer axis. Second method is shifting the flow inlet plane along the longer axis. Large improvement in flow uniformity is observed when the flow inlet plane is shifted along the direction of longer axis by 10, 20 and 30 mm away from geometrical centre. When the inlet plane is rotated again based on 30 mm shifted geometry, significant improvement at rotation angle of $20^{\circ}$ is observed. The flow uniformity is optimum when second shift is performed based on second rotation. This present work shows that for an oval substrate flow, uniformity index can be optimized when inlet cone is angled by rotation of flow inlet plane along axis of substrate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3240-3250
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• 2014

본 연구는 개인들의 통행수단으로서 자동차 선택에 개인수준 및 도시특성, 도시형태의 세 가지 측면에서의 상관관계를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 이용을 감소시키는 도시특성 및 도시형태의 주요 요소로 5Ds를 중심으로 접근했다. 이러한 분석을 위해서 2005년 인구주택총조사자료 중 2%수준의 Micro Data내의 개인속성과 개인의 통행데이터 그리고 각 도시에서 제공하는 도시별 통계 데이터 등을 바탕으로 한국에 있는 도시 75개 도시와 그 거주자들을 대상으로 HGLM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 자동차 이용감소에 효과적인 도시특성 및 도시형태요소 분석을 위해서 개인수준의 통제는 반드시 필요하고, 5Ds는 대체로 자동차 이용 감소에 의미있는 관계를 보였으나 서구도시들에서 잘 알려진 자동차 이용 감소 요소인 Density와 Diversity는 한국의 도시에서는 상대적으로 큰 효과를 보이지 않는 사실을 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.510-518
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• 1998

본 연구는 고로쇠나무 수액을 음용하기 위하여 현지를 방문한 이용객의 수액 이용형태를 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. 연구를 위하여 1997년 2월 하순에서 3월 중순까지 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 전라남도 고로쇠나무 수액의 주요 채취 지역으로 널리 알려진 구례군 지리산 피아골 지역, 광양시 백운산 옥룡 지역, 순천시 조계산 선암사 지역의 3개 지역을 설문 장소로 정하였다. 조사 대상은 현지를 방문한 20세 이상의 성인을 대상으로 성별 구분 없이 각 지역별로 100인씩 전체 300인을 조사하였다. 한편, 수액 이용객의 음용형태를 파악하기 위하여 음용 목적, 음용을 위한 방문회수, 이동수단과 체재일정, 이용형태 및 1인당 음용량, 음용후의 소감과 효능, 앞으로의 음용계획과 음용형태, 가공 수액에 대한 의향 등을 설문하였다. 그 결과, 수액은 전 계층에 걸쳐 광범위하게 음용되고 있었으며, 음용 목적은 주로 건강과 친목 도모였으나, 병 치유를 위한 음용은 그다지 많지 않았다. 수액 음용을 위한 방문 회수는 처음 방문한 이용객이 44%로 가장 많았으며, 수액 음용을 위한 이동 수단은 자가용이 가장 많아 71%를 차지하였다. 수액 음용을 위한 체재 일정은 이용객의 60% 가 당일계획으로 방문하였으며, 1박2일과 2박3일은 40%이었다. 이용객 1인당 수액 음용량은 $3{\sim}6{\ell}$가 31%로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 $3{\ell}$ 미만 23%, $9{\sim}12{\ell}$ 23% 등의 순이었다. 수액 음용후의 소감에 대해서는 달다와 좋다가 74%를 차지하였으며, 효능에 대해서는 무응답과 모르겠다가 가장 많았다. 앞으로의 수액 음용계획에 대해서는 79%가 음용할 계획이었으며, 수액 음용시 체재일정에 대해서는 당일이 40%로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 1박2일 29%, 2박3일 6% 등의 순이었다. 수액 음용형태에 대해서는 수액과 함께 음식을 먹겠다는 답변이 45%로 가장 많았으나, 음식+수액+숙박의 답변도 43%이었다. 가공 수액의 음용여부에 대해서는 가공음료 싫다, 품질 의심, 변질 우려, 약효 저하 등의 이유로 이용객의 54%가 마시지 않겠다고 답하였다.