• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

Environmental risk assessment of cadmium compounds was conducted using national monitoring data of aquatic and terrestrial compartments of local area. Aquatic and terrestrial toxicities of cadmium compounds on algae, daphnid, fish, earthworm, springtails and other species were evaluated. The toxicity data evaluated in this study were mainly from ECOTOX database provided by US EPA. Assessment factors were determined according to the EU technical guidance document and/or OECD proposal. Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values of aquatic and terrestrial toxicity were 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively and they were compared with cadmium exposure data of several local areas, which were used as Predicted exposure concentration(PEC) values. Most of the local area were found to be not risky. However, the risk values (PEC/NEC) of some metropolitan areas were greater than 1 when the most conservative PNEC value was applied.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

The kinetics of photoinitiated polymerization of dimethacrylate macromonomers have been studied to determine the diffusion-controlled reaction parameters using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A predicted kinetic rate expression with a diffusion control factor was employed to estimate an effective rate constant and to define the reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled regimes in the photopolymerization. An effective rate constant, k$_{e}$, can be obtained from the predicted kinetic rate expression. At the earlier stages of polymerization, the average values of kinetic rate constants do not vary during the reaction time. As the reaction conversion, $\alpha$, reaches the critical conversion, $\alpha$$_{c}$, in the predicted kinetic expression, the reaction becomes to be controlled by diffusion due to the restricted mobility of dimethacrylate macromonomers. A drop in value of effective rate constant causes a drastic decrease of reaction rate at the later stages of polymerization. By determining the effective rate constants, the reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled regimes were properly defined even in the photopolymerization reaction system.m.m.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.786-793
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• 2021

Purpose: An experiment was conducted to analyze the characteristics of the settlement of soft clay soil in the central region of the west coast of Korea, which has a high silt content and is difficult to predict settlement due to various stress histories. Method: Field experiments were conducted for three cases. The settlement amount of the subsidence plate was measured in each case, and the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation settlement amount, both the hyperbolic method and the Asaoka method. Result: The predicted value by Terzaghi was analyzed to be the largest in all cases, and it was predicted to be 111% to 187% larger than the subsidence plate settlement value. That is, the subsidence plate settlement value, which is the amount of settlement of the actual ground, showed a settlement of 53.4~89.9% compared to the predicted value of Terzaghi. Therefore, it was analyzed that the expected settlement of the Terzaghi method in the clay soft ground of the central west coast of Korea is more than the actual settlement. Conclusion: It was analyzed that the Asaoka method and the hyperbolic method presented relatively similar results, and in practice, predicting the settlement amount smaller than the actual settlement amount may cause a risk, so the hyperbola analysis method predicted 6~14% larger than the actual settlement amount can be used as a safety side.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Statistical analysis was performed using a series of data on RMR, RMR* and crown settlements collected from sites of weathering rock tunnels in Korea. The crown settlements were predicted by recurrence analysis, exponential function, and artificial neural network (ANN) using collected in-situ data. The result of the prediction fitted well compared to the measured settlement in the order of ANN, exponential function, and recurrence analysis. The range of crown settlement predicted by recurrence analysis widely scattered and promised larger settlement than the measured. Also in all method, the predicted value by RMR well matched compared to the measured settlement predicted by RMR*.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.552-561
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• 2016

For the prediction of hydrologic phenomenon, predicting future land use change is a very important task. This study aimed to compare and analyze the two land use change models, CLUE-S and SLEUTH3-R. The analysis of two models were performed based on the MSR value such that the model with more reliable MSR value can be recommended as an appropriate land use change prediction model. The model performance was examined by applying to the Gapcheon A watershed. Land use map of the study area of 2007 obtained from the Ministry of Environment was compared with the predicted land use map obtained from each of the two models. The result from both models showed somewhat similar results. The MSR value obtained from CLUE-S was 0.564, while that from SLEUTH3-R was 0.586. However, when land use map of 2010 was compared with predicted land use map obtained from the two models in same manner, the MSR value obtained from CLUE-S' was 0.500 while that from SLEUTH3-R was decreased to 0.397, an approximately 32.3% decrease from previous value of 2007. Moreover, SLEUTH3-R showed more sensitivity in conversion of urban areas, as compared to other land use types. Therefore, for the prediction of future land use change, CLUE-S model is more reliable than SLEUTH3-R.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.724-735
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• 2003

In recent high-performance superscalar processors, the result value of an instruction is predicted to improve instruction-level parallelism by breaking data dependencies. Using those predicted values, instructions are speculatively executed and substantial performance can be gained. It, however, requires additional power consumption due to the frequent access and update of the value prediction table. In this paper, first, the trade-off between the performance improvement and the increased power consumption for value prediction is measured and analyzed. And, in order to reduce additional power consumption without performance loss, the technique of controlling speculative execution with confidence counter and predicting useful instructions is developed. Also, in order to prove the validity, a tool is developed that can simulate processor behavior at cycle-level and measure total energy consumption and power consumption per cycle.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2011

Background: When patients with chronic respiratory symptoms have a normal spirometry result, it is not always easy to consider bronchial asthma as the preferential diagnosis. Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity ($FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$) is known as a useful diagnostic value of small airway diseases. However, it is not commonly used, because of its high individual variability. We evaluated the pattern of bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) and the correlation between $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$ and BDR in patients with suspicious asthma and normal spirometry. Methods: Among patients with suspicious bronchial asthma, 440 adult patients with a normal spirometry result (forced expiratory volume in one second [$FEV_1$]/forced vital capacity [FVC] ${\geq}70%$ & $FEV_1%$ predicted ${\geq}80%$) were enrolled. We divided this group into a positive BDR group (n=43) and negative BDR group (n=397), based on the result of BDR. A comparison was carried out of spirometric parameters with % change of $FEV_1$ after bronchodilator (${\Delta}FEV_1%$). Results: Among the 440 patients with normal spirometry, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}%$ predicted were negatively correlated with ${\Delta}FEV_1%$ (r=-0.22, p<0.01), and BDR was positive in 43 patients (9.78%). The means of $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}%$ predicted were $64.0{\pm}14.5%$ in the BDR (+) group and $72.9{\pm}20.8%$ in the BDR (-) group (p<0.01). The negative correlation between $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}%$ predicted and ${\Delta}FEV_1%$ was stronger in the BDR (+) group (r=-0.38, p=0.01) than in the BDR (-) group (r=-0.17, p<0.01). In the ROC curve analysis, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$ at 75% of predicted value had 88.3% sensitivity and 40.3% specificity for detecting a positive BDR. Conclusion: BDR (+) was not rare in patients with suspicious asthma and normal spirometry. In these patients, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}%$ predicted was well correlated with BDR.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.235-238
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• 2003

Conventional stride predictor is useful for predicting data values which vary by a constant value. However, when the data values of shift, multiplication, and division instructions are predicted, the stride predictor can't show the best performance. Thus, we propose predictor using stride and shift to improve predictability. The predictor using stride and shift takes advantage of shift values as well as stride values, so that the overall coverage of prediction increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.911-916
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• 2005

Noise map is a presentation of existing data or predicted noise situation in terms of noise indicator. However, it has shortcoming for assessing the number of people exposed, or the number of dwellings affected to any relevant limit values of noise level in certain areas. In this study, so called over-ride value noise mapping is proposed to make up for the shortcoming by using over-ride function of object-oriented programming and it is to show the guard of the area where it is satisfied the standard of option, or it is not satisfactory. Over-ride value noisemap data is combined with topography layer, population and house statistics, and GIS space statistical analysis. The over-ride value noise mapping can also he applied to make the road traffic noisemap, the railroad noisemap, the aircraft noisemap, and the industrial site noisemap This can express noise damage information more exactly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.466-470
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• 2001

Response surface methodology was used for monitoring extraction conditions, based on quality properties of old pumpkin extracts. Hunter's color L value of extracts was maximized at 101℃, 2.6 hr and decreased gradually after maximum point. The polynomial equation for Hunter's color L value showed 10% of significance level and 0.8799 of R². Hunter's color a value was minimized at 117℃, 3.9 hr and R² of polynomial equation was 0.9852 within 1% significance level. Hunter's color b value and ΔE value increased as the extracting temperature and time increased. Extraction yield of old pumpkin was maximized at 110℃, 4 hr and increased in proportional to the extracting temperature and time, but decreased after 113℃ and 2 hr. Viscosity of pumpkin extracts were maximized at 120℃, nearly 3 hr. R² of polynomial equations for yield, viscosity and sugar content were 0.9532, 0.9812 and 0.8869, respectively. Optimum ranges of extraction conditions for quality properties of old pumpkin were 102∼109℃, 2.5∼3.5 hr, respectively. Predicted values at the optimum extraction condition agreed with experimental values.