• 제목/요약/키워드: Predicted Value

검색결과 1,817건 처리시간 0.028초

환경 정보를 이용한 상용차량 전복 방지 알고리즘 개발 (Development of Roll Stability Control of Commercial Vehicles with Environment Information)

  • 박동우;허현동;이경수
    • 자동차안전학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2013
  • When it comes to commercial vehicles, their unique characteristics - center of gravity, size, weight distribution - make them particularly vulnerable to rollover. On top of that, conventional heavy vehicle brake exhibits longer actuation delays caused in part by long air lines from brake pedal to tires. This paper describes rollover prevention algorithm that copes with the characteristics of commercial vehicles. In regard of compensating for high actuating delay, predicted rollover index with short preview time has been designed. Moreover, predicted rollover index with longer preview time has been calculated by using road curvature information based on environment information. When rollover index becomes larger than specific threshold value, desired braking force is calculated in order to decrease the index. At the same time, braking force is distributed to each tire to make yaw rate track desired value.

Prediction of Withdrawal Resistance of Single Screw on Korean Wood Products

  • AHN, Kyung-Sun;PANG, Sung-Jun;OH, Jung-Kwon
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제49권1호
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2021
  • In this article, withdrawal resistances of axially loaded self-tapping screws on wood products made by Korean Larch were predicted with existing estimation equation, and compared with experimental test data. The research was required because no design methodology for the withdrawal resistance of self-tapping screw is present in Korean building code (KBC). First, the withdrawal resistance of wood screw was predicted to use the withdrawal design value estimation equation in National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Second, three types of wood products, solid wood, cross-laminated timber (CLT) and plywood, were utilized for withdrawal test. For decades, various engineered wood products have been developed, especially cross-laminated timber (CLT) and hybrid timber composites such as timber composites of solid wood and plywood. Therefore, CLT and plywood were also investigated in this study as well as solid wood. Finally, the predicted values were compared with experimentally tested values. As the results, the tested values of solid wood and CLT were higher than the predicted values. In contrast, it is inaccurate to predict withdrawal resistance of plywood since prediction was higher than tested values.

최대 절대값 기반 시계열 데이터 예측 모델 평가 기법 (Estimation Method of Predicted Time Series Data Based on Absolute Maximum Value)

  • 신기훈;김철;남상훈;박성재;유성수
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문에서는 Mean Absolute Percentage Error (이하 MAPE)와 Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage (이하 sMAPE)의 새로운 접근법을 이용한 시계열 예측 모델의 평가 방법을 소개한다. MAPE, sMAPE에는 다음과 같은 문제점이 있다. 데이터 집합에서 관측 값이 0일 경우 평가할 수 없고, 관측 값이 0에 매우 가깝다면 과도한 평가 값을 측정한다. 관측 값과 예측 값 간에 동일한 오차를 가지더라도 다른 값으로 평가하는 문제도 가지고 있다. 동일한 오류 값이 과대 예측되었는지 아니면 과소 예측되었는지에 따라 다른 평가 값을 측정하거나 관측 값의 부호와 예측 값의 부호가 서로 다르면 그 오차는 평가 값에 반영되지 않는다. 이러한 문제는 Maximum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (이하 mMAPE)에 의해 해결하였다. 우리는 MAPE 평가 방법의 분모에서 관측 값을 사용하는 대신 최대 절대 값을 사용했다. 최대 절대 값이 1보다 작으면 분모를 제거하여 0 값이 정의되지 않은 문제와 미세한 값일 경우 과대 측정되는 문제를 해결하였다. Beijing PM2.5의 온도 데이터와 시뮬레이션 데이터를 통해 mMAPE와 다른 평가 방법들의 결과 값을 비교하였으며, 위의 문제들을 해결할 수 있음을 검증하였다.

Peak Flow Meter로 측정한 최대호기류속도(PEF)의 추정정상치 및 가타 환기기능검사와의 상관관계 (The Normal Predicted Value of Peak Expiratory Flow(PEF) Measured by the Peak Flow Meter and Correlation Between PEF and Other Ventilatory Parameters)

  • 김민철;권기범;임동현;송창석;정용석;장태원;유호대;정만홍
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.1000-1011
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    • 1998
  • 연구배경: 기관지 천식 환자들과 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 진단이나 기도폐쇄 정도를 알기 위하여 통상적으로 노력성 호기곡선이나 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 환기기능검사가 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 외래를 방문하는 환자들이나 자가 치료를 하는 환자들의 경과관찰에는 검사의 간편성으로 인해 peak flow meter를 이용한 peak expiratory flow(PEF)가 많이 이용된다. 이 경우 PEF의 변이성이 크기 때문에 절대값이나 증상이 없을 때의 최대값을 기준으로 비교하여 사용하기도 하는데 검사 판정의 객관성은 추정정상치가 가장 높을 것이다. 그러나 현재까지 국내에서는 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 PEF(FEFmax)의 추정정상치의 보고는 다수 있으나 peak flow meter를 이용한 보고는 아직까지 없었다. 이에 실제 환자들이 스스로 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 PEF의 추정정상치를 산출하고 이 값이 $FEV_1$을 비롯한 다른 환기기능검사를 어느 정도 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 지를 조사 연구하였다. 방 법: 호흡기 증상이나 기왕 병력이 없는 건강한 남자 129명(나이 ; 19-74 세), 여자 125명(나이 ; 18-67세)을 대상으로 외래에서 mini-Wright peak flow meter(Clement Clarke International Ltd. England)를 이용하여 3 회 이상 PEF를 측정하였다. 아울러 Microspiro HI-501 portable spirometer(Chest Co., Japan)로 노력성호기곡선, 최대호기류량곡선을 측정 분석하여 $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, $FEF_{25-75%}$, $FEF_{25%}$, $FEF_{50%}$, $FEF_{75%}$와 FEFmax를 구하여 각각의 추정정상치를 구하였고 PEF의 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax에 대한 설명력을 회귀분석을 통해 구하였다. 결 과: PEF(L/min)의 추정정상치는 남자가 -2.45$\times$Age(year) + 1.36 $\times$ Height(cm) + 427였고 ($R^2=0.28$), 여자에서는 -0.96 $\times$ Age(year) + 2.01 $\times$ Height(cm)+129였다($R^2=0.12$). 최대호기류량곡선에서 산출한 FEFmax는 PEF보다 납자에서는 $125{\pm}74.0$(L/min), 여자에서는 $118{\pm}52.2$(L/min) 적었다. PEF로 예측할 수 있는 $FEV_1$(ml)값은 남자에서 5.98 $\times$ PEF(L/min) + 303 이고 ($R^2=0.43$), 여자에서는 4.61 $\times$ PEF(L/min) +291 이었다($R^2=0.33$). 결 론: 건강한 성인 254명(남자 129명, 여자 125명)을 대상으로 peak flow meter로 측정한 PEF의 추정정상치를 연령과 신장을 변수로 하여 구하였다. 여기서 측정한 PEF로 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax를 어느 정도 예측할 수 있었다. 그리고 측정기계 및 방법에 따라서 PEF 값이 달라짐을 확인하였는데 이런 점을 유의한다면 PEF의 측정은 향후 환자 진료에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

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개선된 가역 워터마킹 알고리즘 (An Advanced Watermarking Algorithm with Reversibility)

  • 정수목
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문에서는 효율적인 가역 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법을 사용하여, 커버 이미지에 은닉할 수 있는 저작권관련 정보의 양을 증가시킬 수 있다. 공간적 지역성과 표면 특성에 따라, 주변 픽셀들을 사용하여 픽셀 값을 정밀하게 예측할 수 있다. 예측된 픽셀 값과 커버 이미지의 원본 픽셀 값이 거의 같게 되면, 커버 이미지의 원본 픽셀 값과 예측 픽셀 값의 차이가 매우 적게 된다. 그러므로 차분 시퀀스에 대한 히스토그램의 피크 포인트에서의 빈도수가 크게 증가하게 된다. 따라서 커버 이미지에 은닉할 수 있는 기밀 데이터의 양이 크게 증가하게 된다. 실험 결과를 통하여 제안된 워터마킹 알고리즘이 기존의 알고리즘보다 우수함을 확인 할 수 있다.

단일 경량콘크리트판넬의 차음성능 예측 (Prediction of Sound Transmission through Single Lightweight Concrete Panel)

  • 양홍석;안지형;김명준
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.56-60
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    • 2007
  • Nowadays shear wall structural system is gradually changing to framed structure. For this reason, lightweight panel is increasingly being used as separating walls. One of design methods to obtain high transmission loss is double panel. To predict the acoustic performance of double panel, prediction of transmission loss of single panel must be performed, previously. In this study, the predicted values for four single panels were compared with the measured values. The result shows the arithmetical average deviations(100Hz to 3150Hz) between the predicted and measured transmission loss were in range between 1.1dB and 3.9dB. The predicted values were generally lower than measured values above critical frequency. The single-number quantities, $R_W+C$, were predicted in range between 36dB to 38dB, and the differences of single-number quantities between the predicted and measured value were within 1dB.

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Optimization of Cholesterol Removal Conditions from Homogenized Milk by Treatment with Saponin

  • Chang, E.J.;Oh, H.I.;Kwak, H.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.844-849
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to determine the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal from homogenized milk by treatment with saponin using a response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of temperature, reaction time, and amounts of celite or saponin added on cholesterol removal from milk were investigated. The level of cholesterol removal from milk increased with saponin concentration and varied from 57.4 to 73.3%. The optimum reaction time, amount of celite addition determined by a partial differentiation of the model equation, and amount of saponin addition were 30min, 0.95% and 1.5%, respectively. Under these conditions, the predicted cholesterol removal by RSM was estimated to be 73.4%. The experimental removal value was 73.7%. Thus, there was no appreciable difference between the experimental value and the predicted value based on RSM.

미시적 결정소성학에 의거한 거시적 성형공정 해석 (Analysis of Macroscopic Forming Process on the Basis of Microscopic Crystal Plasticity)

  • 여은구;이용신
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.167-175
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    • 1998
  • A mathematical formulation is presented to model anisotropy from the deformation textures developed in a forming process. In this work, a micro-mechanical-based polycrystalline analysis is implemented into a consistent finite element method for the anisotropic, viscoplastic deformation of polycrystalline metals. As suggested by Taylor, the deformation of each grain in an aggregate is assumed to be same as the macroscopic deformation of an aggregate or a macro-continuum point. Algorithms are developed to represent the plastic anisotropy, such as the anisotropic yield surface and R-value, from the predicted deformation texture. As applications, the evolution of texture in rolling, upsetting and drawing/extrusion processes are simulated and the corresponding changes of mechanical properties such as yield surface and R-value are predicted.

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내부에너지를 최대로 하는 활 구조의 최적화 (Shape optimization of a bow for maximizing internal-energy)

  • 문명조;이현정
    • EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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    • 제5회(2016년)
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    • pp.222-227
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, the optimized design for bow structure was investigated by using EDISON software. Considering the mechanism of the bow, non-linear FEM analysis was essential. The factors of the design are height, width, number of holes and taper value. High performance of the internal energy and lowest mass were main issues. The limit of the von-mises stress was yield strength for the material. Material was chosen by considering typical bow material, Aluminum. Using Taguchi method($L_9$), 9 models were selected and contribution rate was calculated for each factors. Following the contribution rate, 3 factors were fixed and optimized model was predicted. After making optimized model for FEM analysis, the value of internal-energy, mass for FEM model were compared with predicted value, calculated the percentage error and figure out the reliability of Taguchi method.

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Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constants of the VV Energy Exchange for N$_2$(v=1)+O$_2$(v=0)$\rightarrow$N$_2$(v=0)+O$_2$(v=1)

  • Ree, Jong-Baik;Chung, Keun-Ho;Kim, Hae-Jin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.241-245
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    • 1986
  • The vibration-vibration energy exchange of $N_2(v=1)+O_2(v=0){\to}N_2(v=0)+O_2(v=1)$ has been investigated, in particular, at low temperatures. The energy exchange rate constants are calculated by use of the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation with the interaction potential of the colliding molecule as a perturbation term. The predicted rate constants are significantly agree with a experimental values in the range of 295∼$90^{\circ}K$. The consideration of the VV-VT coupling decreases the predicted pure VV energy exchange value by a factor of ∼2. When the collision frequency correction is introduced, the VV-VT rate constant is consistent with the observed value in the liquid phase. The consideration of the population of the rotational energy level increases the VV-VT value significantly.