• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.683-686
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• 2002

It is fundamental to count and pack the pills in the medicine manufacture field but those tasks are time and labor consuming. Thus, the need fur automation of those tasks is necessarily getting increased in order to get effective mass production. It Is significant to perceive pills quickly and precisely. There were many trials for this processing but the performance of the existing counting machines varies about size, shape and dispersion tendency of pills. In this paper, the authors try to improve the counting performance of a pill counting machine that has optical sensors with the neural network. The passing signal of pill is acquired with optical sensor and the passage signal of the pill is extracted as input patterns. The gradient and integration of signal during passing time and the time keeping the pill interrupt the light from the LED are used as characteristic feature. The back propagation and perception algorithm are used for training. Experimental results with several pills show that the designed algorithm is a little bit effective to reduce the noise effect which is generated from interference among the machine components and unreliable environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2014

An index was developed that estimates cardiovascular health degree with easily available physiological information such as survey and noninvasive measurement. The survey score was calculated by utilizing questions related to personal disease history, self-feeling, and management state. The measurement score was calculated using physiological parameters such as blood pressure, accelerated plethysmograph(APG), and heart rate variability(HRV), and augmentation index(AI). In order to evaluate effectiveness of the cardiovascular index and modify weighting factors used in each item, a clinical trial was done in a general hospital. The cardiovascular index showed a clear correlation of 0.685 with the doctor's score on the cardiovascular health degree. The correlation between the self-estimated score and doctor's score was as low as 0.217. The large gap between these two scores demonstrated necessity of more objective tools like the cardiovascular index. The cardiovascular score showed a significant difference between normal persons and patients suffering hypertension or diabetes. (p=0.000).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.177-184
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• 2001

C3M(chemical mechanical micro machining) is applied for diminishing the size of burr and fabricating the massless patterning for aluminium wafer(thickness of 1${\mu}m$). It is difficult to perform the micro size machining with the radically increased shear stress. While the miniaturization and function-orientation of parts has been needed in the many field such as electronics, optics and medicine. etc., it is not enough to satisfy the industry needs in the machining technology. In this paper feasibility test of diminishing burr and fabricating maskless pattern was experimented and analyzed. In the experiment oxide layer was farmed on the aluminium with chemical reaction by ${HNO_3}$(10wt%), then the surface was grooved with tungsten carbide tool for the different condition such as the load and fred rate. The result was compared with the conventional machining to show the improvement of C3M with SEM for burr diminish and XPS for atomic existence, AFM for more precise image.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2012

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been found to be effective treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of DBS for rigidity during DBS surgery. Six Parkinsonian patients who received STN-DBS surgery participated in this study. The examiner imposed flexion and extension of a patient's wrist randomly. Resistance to passive movement was quantified by viscoelastic properties (two damping constants for each of flexion and extension phase and one spring constant throughout both phases). All Viscoelastic constants decreased by DBS (p<0.01). Specifically, reduction in damping constant during flexion ($B_f$) was greater than those of damping constant during extension ($B_e$) and of spring constant (p<0.05). $B_f$ would be appropriate for evaluation of effect of DBS for rigidity during DBS surgery.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2019

Prunus yedoensis Matsum. (Rosaceae) has been used for cough, urticaria, pruritus, dermatitis, asthma and relaxation in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, naringenin, sakuranetin and prunetin were isolated from the barks of P. yedoensis and quantification were performed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with diode array detector. The structures of naringenin and sakuranetin, prunetin were identified NMR spectroscopic data analysis. The content of each compound was analyzed by HPLC and the analytical method was validated through linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity test. The result showed that calibration curves of three compounds naringenin, sakuranetin and prunetin indicated great linearity with a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 1.00, 1.00 and 0.99. Intra and inter day measurement accuracy of the three compounds ranged from 92.70 ~ 112.70%, and showed precision was less than 3%. Therefore, the content analysis showed that naringenin ($0.132{\pm}0.016%$), sakuranetin ($0.108{\pm}0.023%$), and prunetin ($0.059{\pm}0.014%$).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2021

Plants are important for humanity. They intervene in several areas of human life: medicine, nutrition, cosmetics, decoration, etc. The large number of varieties of these plants requires an efficient solution to identify them for proper use. The ease of recognition of these plants undoubtedly depends on the classification of these species into family; however, finding the relevant characteristics to achieve better automatic classification is still a huge challenge for researchers in the field. In this paper, we have developed a new automatic plant classification technique based on artificial neural networks. Our model uses leaf texture characteristics as parameters for plant family identification. The results of our model gave a perfect classification of three plant families of the Ivorian flora, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99; an error rate (RMSE) of 1.348e-14, a sensitivity of 84.85%, a specificity of 100%, a precision of 100% and an accuracy (Accuracy) of 100%. The same technique was applied on Flavia: the international basis of plants and showed a perfect identification regression (R2) of 0.98, an error rate (RMSE) of 1.136e-14, a sensitivity of 84.85%, a specificity of 100%, a precision of 100% and a trueness (Accuracy) of 100%. These results show that our technique is efficient and can guide the botanist to establish a model for many plants to avoid identification problems.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.422-426
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• 2011

For a national survey in which wide geographic region or an entire country is targeted, multi-stage sampling approach is widely used to overcome the problem of simple random sampling, to consider both herd- and animallevel factors associated with disease occurrence, and to adjust clustering effect of disease in the population in the calculation of sample size. The aim of this study was to establish sample size for estimating bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Korea using stratified two-stage sampling design. The sample size was determined by taking into account the possible clustering of TB-infected animals on individual herds to increase the reliability of survey results. In this study, the country was stratified into nine provinces (administrative unit) and herd, the primary sampling unit, was considered as a cluster. For all analyses, design effect of 2, between-cluster prevalence of 50% to yield maximum sample size, and mean herd size of 65 were assumed due to lack of information available. Using a two-stage sampling scheme, the number of cattle sampled per herd was 65 cattle, regardless of confidence level, prevalence, and mean herd size examined. Number of clusters to be sampled at a 95% level of confidence was estimated to be 296, 74, 33, 19, 12, and 9 for desired precision of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06, respectively. Therefore, the total sample size with a 95% confidence level was 172,872, 43,218, 19,224, 10,818, 6,930, and 4,806 for desired precision ranging from 0.01 to 0.06. The sample size was increased with desired precision and design effect. In a situation where the number of cattle sampled per herd is fixed ranging from 5 to 40 with a 5-head interval, total sample size with a 95% confidence level was estimated to be 6,480, 10,080, 13,770, 17,280, 20.925, 24,570, 28,350, and 31,680, respectively. The percent increase in total sample size resulting from the use of intra-cluster correlation coefficient of 0.3 was 22.2, 32.1, 36.3, 39.6, 41.9, 42.9, 42,2, and 44.3%, respectively in comparison to the use of coefficient of 0.2.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.435-438
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the residue depletion of cephaalexin in the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after multiple oral administrations and to establish the appropriate withdrawal time for edible tissues. A highly sensitive and specific method for the determination of cephalexin in the serum of flounder by LC/MS was developed and validated. Mean recoveries from serum were 87.2% (ranged from 81.2% to 94.5%) for cepalexin. Recovery and precision met the criteria for the guideline of residual analysis of veterinary drugs by the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) in Korea. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of cephalexin were 10 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml, respectively. Residual levels of cephalexin in muscle samples were estimated with 95% tolerance limit and 95% confidence to fall below the MRL after a withdrawal time of 4 days and 5 days for the 40 and 160 mg/kg/day, respectively.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1998

There has been necessity of an air free ionization chamber using the gold-crystal-aluminium plates, henceforth called the crystal chamber. The crystal chamber formed of parallel plates is very small in size and has more response for absorbed dose of therapeutic radiation beams. The gold plate on the crystal facing the photon and electron beam acts as an intensifier of signals and crystal plate as an ionization medium respectively. Both the copper guard ring and the aluminum collecting electrode are connected to an electrometer. Using high energy photon (6, 15 MV) and electron (9, 12, 15, 18 MeV) beams, the responses of the crystal chamber are evaluated against a PTW Farmer-type chamber at a field size of 10${\times}$10cm$^2$ and 100 cm SSD. The responses of crystal chamber for therapeutic radiation electron and photon beams are greater in magnitude by several order than Farmer. The crystal chamber has good linearity without correction factor C$\_$t,p/ with respect to the signals, a reading reproduction with good accuracy and precision less than 0.5%, and has other useful functions in measuring radiation beams.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.224-228
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• 2009

For the quality control of traditional herbal medicine, Galgeun tang, simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, paeoniflorin, puerarin, 6-gingerol was established by using a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode array detector. To separate five four constituents, DIONEX $C_{18}$ column ($5{\mu}m$, $120{\AA}$, $4.6\;mm{\times}150\;mm$) was used with gradient elution system of water and methanol. Validation of the chromatography method was evaluated by linearity, recovery, and precision test. Calibration curve of standard components showed excellent linearity ($R^2$>0.9906). Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.15 to $0.52{\mu}g$/ml and 0.27 to $0.80{\mu}mg$/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of data of the intra-day and inter-day experiments were less than 2.88% and 1.21%, respectively. The results of recovery test were ranged from 96.71 to 106.29% with RSD values 0.01-0.80%.