• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1986

Analyses of lead and zinc were made by means of standard addition method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Baird Ltd., Model A5100) with flameless method for lead and flame method for zinc. The blood samples used were merely diluted with triton x-100, because it was simple, rapid and minimal risk of contamination. Mean recovery rate for lead added to the blood ranged from 97.7 to 101.3% with coefficient of variation ranging from 1.9 to 10.7%, and that for the added zinc ranged from 99.0 to 102.2% with coefficient of variation ranging from 2.1 to 9.1%. In repeated measurements of zinc in the blood, good reproducibility and interindividual variation were proved(p<0.01). In comparison of the lead and zinc concentrations in the blood determined by the standard addition method and standard method, there were good correlations between 2 sets of data (r=0.9731 for lead and r=0.9785 for zinc), although lead levels were estimated higher by the former method(p<0.01) and zinc levels by the latter method(p<0.01). It can be concluded that lead and zinc levels in blood standard addition method is reliable for determination of lead and zinc in the blood with good accuracy and reproducibility.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-88
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• 2005

1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. And the "Li-Yao-Pian-Won" had been written by Wu-Shang-Xian(吳尙先) in 1864. The book is the first technical book of external treatments. So, he has been held in respected as the father of external treatments by many people. Therefore we would like to bring out it's external treatments theory 2) Conclusions He had insisted that external treatments principles are identical with internal treatments. So, prescriptions of external treatment are selected and made by principles of internal treatment. But external treatments have following characteristics 1. Each of external treatment prescriptions have various effects. 2. Exchange of treatments is very easy. 3. We can make free use of various external treatments for care at a time. 4. External treatments are very economical. 5. External treatments are very easy to study. 6. External treatments are simple, speedy, precision.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2022

Purpose: To propose a deep learning-based clinical decision support technique for laryngeal disease on epiglottis, tongue and vocal cords. Materials and Methods: A total of 873 laryngeal endoscopic images were acquired from the PACS database of Pusan N ational University Yangsan Hospital. and VGG16 model was applied with transfer learning and fine-tuning. Results: The values of precision, recall, accuracy and F1-score for test dataset were 0.94, 0.97, 0.95 and 0.95 for epiglottis images, 0.91, 1.00, 0.95 and 0.95 for tongue images, and 0.90, 0.64, 0.73 and 0.75 for vocal cord images, respectively. Conclusion: Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model have a potential as a tool for decision-supporting of otolaryngologist during manual inspection of laryngeal endoscopic images.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2024

Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy remain primary noninvasive treatments for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, the 5-year survival rate for patients with OSCC has remained almost unchanged for several decades, and many side effects of chemotherapy still exist. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) models of OSCC were established using fibroblasts, and the efficacy of various biological inhibitors was evaluated. A culture of epithelial cells with two types of fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOFs and cancer-associated fibroblasts) within a type I collagen matrix resulted in the formation of a continuous layer of tightly packed cells compared to models without fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effects of biological chemicals, including Y27632, latrunculin A, and verteporfin, on these models were investigated. The stratified formation of the epithelial layer and invasion in OSCC 3D-culture models were effectively inhibited by verteporfin, whereas invasion was weakly inhibited by Y27632 and latrunculin. Collectively, the developed OSCC 3D-culture models established with fibroblasts demonstrated the potential for drug screening, with verteporfin showing promising efficacy.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

Objectives Sasang constitutional medicine is a traditional Korean medicine that classifies humans into four constitutions in consideration of individual differences in physical, psychological, and physiological characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a method to classify Taeeum person (TE) and Non-Taeeum person (NTE), Soeum person (SE) and Non-Soeum person (NSE), and Soyang person (ST) and Non-Soyang person (NSY) using a convolutional neural network with only facial images. Methods Based on the convolutional neural network VGG16 architecture, transfer learning is carried out on the facial images of 3738 subjects to classify TE and NTE, SE and NSE, and SY and NSY. Data augmentation techniques are used to increase classification performance. Results The classification performance of TE and NTE, SE and NSE, and SY and NSY was 77.24%, 85.17%, and 80.18% by F1 score and 80.02%, 85.96%, and 72.76% by Precision-Recall AUC (Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve) respectively. Conclusions It was found that Soeum person had the most heterogeneous facial features as it had the best classification performance compared to the rest of the constitution, followed by Taeeum person and Soyang person. The experimental results showed that there is a possibility to classify constitutions only with facial images. The performance is expected to increase with additional data such as BMI or personality questionnaire.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

Metal problems in herbal medicine are not regulate properly by law and public management around world country until this time. General people belief as safety about herbal since natural material. And almost all persons can also purchase by their-self and use by self-prescription in reality. As this result herbal medicines can always occur acute and chronic toxicity by not proper use problems, side-effect and overdose. Heavy metal toxic diseases in historical view point was big accidents that didnot forget including minamata and itai-itai in Japan. These accident's teach to us must not use toxic metal level and not include or at least Pb Hg As Cd in all kind material use and intake by people, especially herbal. Herbal contamination research is beginner state that had not many papers until nowadays. Even if this pan had some papers, it had negative result and bigger and larger than problems level because of one way research trend of not many sample case-report and screening test of dried herbal form in chiefly. Many persons have afraid and risk thinking about herbal, animal and minerals since these cause. Further research related this subject will be needed at fact of epidemiology including case-control and cohort study for more precision research affecting in short and long term intake of oriental medicines

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Purpose: Automated analytical systems have begun to emerge as a database system that enables the scanning of medical images to be performed on computers and the construction of big data. Deep-learning artificial intelligence (AI) architectures have been developed and applied to medical images, making high-precision diagnosis possible. Materials and Methods: For diagnosis, the medical images need to be labeled and standardized. After pre-processing the data and entering them into the deep-learning architecture, the final diagnosis results can be obtained quickly and accurately. To solve the problem of overfitting because of an insufficient amount of labeled data, data augmentation is performed through rotation, using left and right flips to artificially increase the amount of data. Because various deep-learning architectures have been developed and publicized over the past few years, the results of the diagnosis can be obtained by entering a medical image. Results: Classification and regression are performed by a supervised machine-learning method and clustering and generation are performed by an unsupervised machine-learning method. When the convolutional neural network (CNN) method is applied to the deep-learning layer, feature extraction can be used to classify diseases very efficiently and thus to diagnose various diseases. Conclusions: AI, using a deep-learning architecture, has expertise in medical image analysis of the nerves, retina, lungs, digital pathology, breast, heart, abdomen, and musculo-skeletal system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2020

Purpose: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) allows for more precise treatment, reducing unwanted radiation to nearby structures. We investigated the safety and feasibility of IMRT for anaplastic ependymoma patients below 3 years of age. Materials and Methods: A total of 9 anaplastic ependymoma patients below 3 years of age, who received IMRT between October 2011 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The median equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions was 52.0 Gy (range, 48.0 to 60.0 Gy). Treatment outcomes and neurologic morbidities were reviewed in detail. Results: The median patient age was 20.9 months (range, 12.1 to 31.2 months). All patients underwent surgery. The rates of 5-year overall survival, freedom from local recurrence, and progression-free survival were 40.6%, 53.3%, and 26.7%, respectively. Of the 9 patients, 5 experienced recurrences (3 had local recurrence, 1 had both local recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] seeding, and 1 had CSF seeding alone). Five patients died because of disease progression. Assessment of neurologic morbidity revealed motor dysfunction in 3 patients, all of whom presented with hydrocephalus at initial diagnosis because of the location of the tumor and already had neurologic deficits before radiotherapy (RT). Conclusion: Neurologic morbidity is not caused by RT alone but may result from mass effects of the tumor and surgical sequelae. Administration of IMRT to anaplastic ependymoma patients below 3 years of age yielded encouraging local control and tolerable morbidities. High-precision modern RT such as IMRT can be considered for very young patients with anaplastic ependymoma.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

Objectives: Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang which contains Ephedra sinica are used to treat obesity in Korean medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The analysis was performed using a YMC-Triat C18 column with operating at 25℃, and UV detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase used a gradient flow with 0.1% H3PO4 in water and acetonitrile. Specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were measured for validation anaylsis. This method was applied to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang. Results: The concentration per Ephedra sinica (gram) of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedra sinica decoction are 4.74±0.22 mg and 2.19±0.10 mg, respectively and in Wolbigachul-tang decoction are 6.39±0.34 mg and 2.97±0.21 mg, respectively. The retention time of ephedrine was 23.6 min and that of pseudoephedrine was 25.8 min, and norephedrine and methylephedrine were not detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, analyzed the concentration of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang by the developed validation method.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives The craniosacral therapy is closely related to the herbal meridians, so we try to explore, compare and develop pharmacopuncture that can have a synergistic effect. Methods The craniosacral pharmacopuncture, Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, jungseongohhyeol pharmacopuncture, bamboo salt pharmacopuncture 1.8%, bamboo salt pharmacopuncture 3.0%, and normal saline, which are used with craniosacral therapy in clinical practice, were all made and prepared by ourselves. In order to compare antioxidant activity, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant powder, total flavonoids, total phenolics methods were all measured. Method validation such as specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy were performed for craniosacral pharmacopuncture. Results In all antioxidant methods, craniosacral pharmacopuncture showed the highest activity and followed by a Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. The rest of the pharmacopunctures were measured to have low antioxidant activity. Nodakenin and glycyrrhizin were suitable as index compounds of craniosacral pharmacopuncture and they contained 0.82±0.01 ㎍/mL and 2.56±0.01 ㎍/mL respectively. Conclusions Craniosacral pharmacopuncture has the highest activity in all antioxidant activity experiments, which will help activate craniosacral therapy and quality control is possible through standardized research. Such research will contribute to the development of the oriental medicine industry.