• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2001

This study has been performed to investigate formability of non-vinyl PCM(pre-coated metal)sheet. First, physical test of PCM sheets were tested to evaluate finish coating characteristic of PCM. And then, test equipment was made for friction test and three non-vinyl PCM sheets were tested by straight pulling method. This paper provides the results of the friction tests showing the influence of sheet surface texture and process conditions. It was found that the influence of contact pressure and speed had an effect upon the level of friction. Also using tests, the scratch resistance of a series of polyester coating has been investigated. This investigation aims to clarify the process conditions that prevent the scratch of PCM to form the good electrical appliances such as microwave oven, air conditioner and refrigerator etc.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.378-386
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• 1999

The integrated system for the structural analysis of space frame is made up 4 modules ; pre-process module, structural analysis module, optimum member design module and post-process module. Re-process module of these 4 modules involves data input module and structure modeling module. This study is to develope an efficient modeling program as a basic for development of pre-process module. This modeling program generates geometric information of space frame and performs the input fie form for structure analysis only by input general data. User can mode1 space frame efficiently within shut time by using this program.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.183-203
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a parental education program developed to 295 single university students based on pre-test and the post test on the program. The data is interpreted using statistical methods such as the Percentage, T -Test, Anova test, and the Turkey test. The major results were as follows : First, significant difference regarding the knowledge on parenthood existed among students before and after the tests, with the post-test students showing more knowledge on the matter. Among the six sub-categories of parenthood education program, the effects of the post-testing were most visible in pregnancy, delivering, pre-natal and infant development, parents attitude, and sex education for their children in the form of increased awareness and knowledge. However, no significant effects were detected in pre-natal education. In terms of socio-demographic variable, effects were more visible in female students than in male students. Second, the program also resulted in positive effects in both male and female students.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45.1-45.1
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• 2011

Shock waves form in the intergalactic medium as a consequence of accretion, merger, and turbulent motion during the structure formation of the universe. They not only heat gas but also govern non-thermal processes through the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs), production of magnetic fields, and generation of vorticity. We examine diffusive shock acceleration of the pre-existing as well as freshly injected populations of nonthermal, CR particles at weak cosmological shocks. Since the injection is extremely inefficient at weak shocks, the pre-existing CR population dominates over the injected population. If the pressure due to pre-existing CR protons is about 5 % of the gas thermal pressure in the upstream flow, the downstream CR pressure can absorb typically a few to 10 % of the shock ram pressure at shocks with the Mach number M<3. Yet, the re-acceleration of CR electrons can result in a substantial synchrotron emission behind the shock. The implication of our findings for observed bright radio relics is discussed.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1850120.1-1850120.9
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• 2018

Two-dimensional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films with wavy patterns were studied in order to investigate reversible and irreversible wetting effects. Pre-strained, surface oxidized layers of PDMS were used to form relieved wavy geometries, on which hydrophobic functionalization was carried out in order to produce irreversible wetting effects. Wavy-patterned PDMS films showed time-dependent reversible wetting effects. The degree of surface wettability could be tuned by the choice of wavy groove geometries. And the groove geometries were controlled via $O_2$ plasma treatment and mechanical pre-straining. The pre-strained, buckled PDMS films were applied to the fabrication of hydrophobic polystyrene nano-patterns using colloidal self-assembly, where the colloids were arrayed in two-dimensional way. The wavy polystyrene films were found to be more hydrophobic relative to flat polystyrene films. The grooving methodology used in this study could be applied to enhancing the hydrophobicity of other types of polymeric thin films, eliminating the need for chemical treatment.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.282-291
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• 2022

This research applies a pre-trained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) handwriting recognition model to predict foreign Korean-language learners' writing scores. A corpus of 586 answers to midterm and final exams written by foreign learners at the Intermediate 1 level was acquired and used for pre-training, resulting in consistent performance, even with small datasets. The test data were pre-processed and fine-tuned, and the results were calculated in the form of a score prediction. The difference between the prediction and actual score was then calculated. An accuracy of 95.8% was demonstrated, indicating that the prediction results were strong overall; hence, the tool is suitable for the automatic scoring of Korean written test answers, including grammatical errors, written by foreigners. These results are particularly meaningful in that the data included written language text produced by foreign learners, not native speakers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

This study was done to find out what is a factors affecting VOD advertising in IPTV. To this end, the location form of the Pre-play and program insert ad in IPTV was prepared to compare the test stimuli. And the experiment was conducted. The results were as follows. First, attention to ad and commitment of program had a significant impact on VOD advertising attitude. On the other hand, the program viewing satisfaction had no significant effect. Second, the attention to ads had a significant effect on the purchase intention on advertised products in VOD. Third, attitudes to ad and purchase intention between the Pre-Play and program insert ads positions, did not have a significant difference. Accordingly, it concludes that current Pre-play advertising strategy is effective. It is also expected to help establish a strategy that is able to effectively show VOD ads in IPTV to consumers in the future.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of pre-training about role-behavior on the evaluation of communication and clinical skills in clinical training using role-playing. Methods: This study used data of 116, 4th grader students from Korean Medicak College of Dongshin University in 2016 and 2017. The data was divided into two groups: those who did pre-training about role-behaviors and those who did not. After performing their role-playing, they were asked to fill out questionnaires about 2 categories-communication and evaluation skills-, composed of 10 items each. Results: 1. Through pre-education, communication skills required the form and content of questions and the practice of communicating with patients. 2. Through pre-education, there was the need to practice listening for medical history, diagnosis skills and establishing relationships with patients. 3. Pre-training of communication skills and clinical skills helps to expose the shortcomings of clinical practice. Conclusions: In conclusion, pre-training about role-behaviors can help improve communication skills and clinical skills in clerkship using role-playing.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.339-359
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• 2019

Pre-stressed concrete poles are among the supporting systems used to support transmission lines. It is essential to protect transmission line systems from harsh environmental attacks such as downburst wind events. Typically, these poles are designed to resist synoptic wind loading as current codes do not address high wind events in the form of downbursts. In the current study, the behavior of guyed pre-stressed concrete Transmission lines is studied under downburst loads. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first investigation to assess the behaviour of guyed pre-stressed concrete poles under downburst events. Due to the localized nature of those events, identifying the critical locations and parameters leading to peak forces on the poles is a challenging task. To overcome this challenge, an in-house built numerical model is developed incorporating the following: (1) a three-dimensional downburst wind field previously developed and validated using computational fluid dynamics simulations; (2) a computationally efficient analytical technique previously developed and validated to predict the non-linear behaviour of the conductors including the effects of the pretension force, sagging, insulator's stiffness and the non-uniform distribution of wind loads, and (3) a non-linear finite element model utilized to simulate the structural behaviour of the guyed pre-stressed concrete pole considering material nonlinearity. A parametric study is conducted by varying the downbursts locations relative to the guyed pole while considering three different span values. The results of this parametric study are utilized to identify critical downburst configurations leading to peak straining actions on the pole and the guys. This is followed by comparing the obtained critical load cases to new load cases proposed to ASCE-74 loading committee. A non-linear failure analysis is then conducted for the three considered guyed pre-stressed concrete transmission line systems to determine the downburst jet velocity at which the pole systems fail.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to extract information of lower body type's classification on pre-school children. To this end, 325 younger children living in the capital area and aged from 4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results are as follows. 1. The changes in the physical types of pre-school children, as they growing older, show the following tow peculiarities, first, in terms of vertical change, the height grows so rapidly that the proportion of the lower part of the body gets longer. And second, in terms of horizontal change, their growth is more distinctive in the width and the girth than in the thickness, which transforms their body into more or loss a dumpy form. 2. The analysis of the lower body of pre-school children allows us to distinguish two types of group. The first type has a smaller body, short in every part of body, which represents the body of four year-old children. On the contrary, the second type show much bigger body, especially the lower part of the body having a longer proportion, and it represents the body of six year-old children. the physical type and the gender have no relation, which means that we cna fidn both male and female children uniformly in both types.