• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

The Theory of Meridian can be classified into early form of pre- and present form of after-. The representative early form of meridian is Eleven Meridians in Mawangdui scrolls(馬王堆帛書) which use Six Qi Diagnosis(六氣辨證). because it did not adopt Visceral Pattern Identification(臟腑辨證). The present form of meridian is Twelve Meridians of . It has developed to investigate relations between Visceral and disease with Five Phase Theory. Analyzing the name of the Six Meridians in the Shanghanlun(傷寒論)On Cold Damage, there are no hands, feet and visceral signs. and it is almost identical to Eleven Meridians in Mawangdui scrolls. According to , Eleven Meridians use only Six Foot Meridians(足六經) to classify diseases. This fact was applied identically to the Six Meridians in the Shanghanlun. Therefore many doctors, especially Hanzhihe(韓祗和) and Zhangzhicong(張志聰) mentioned that "I have never seen a book on Shanghanlun discuss about Hand Meridians(手經)."

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

In the process of complex shopping mall development, all the steps (business planning step, pre-sale & completion step, management & operations step) head towards a consistent ultimate goal in an overall business perspective. In this study, we analyze using a structural equation model if an appropriate relations between each of the steps are formed to achieve the ultimate goal. In this study, we find a positive relationship between business planning step and pre-sale & completion step, and also find that for success pre-sale & completion, a faithful business plan is necessary. But we find no statistically significant relationship under significant level 0.05 among business planning step and management & operations step and the level of success, pre-sale & completion step and management & operations step and the level of success, management & operations step and the level of success. This suggests that each of the steps does not form a close relationship to achieve the consistent goal in the complex shopping mall development and each one is doing a short-sighted work for its own profit.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-128
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate early childhood pre service teachers' perception on the meanings of free play and the roles of teachers in charge of free play hours. For this purpose, this study analyzed reflective journals, metaphorizing, image drawings, and interview records made by 69 junior students majoring in Early Childhood Education and participating in the practice of child care. According to the results, the meanings of free play perceived by the early childhood pre service teachers were summarized into 'an exciting festival,' 'a fenced playground,' and 'a journey for learning.' In addition, their perceptions on the roles of teachers in charge of free play hours were summarized into 'accompanying teacher,' 'leading teacher,' 'correcting teacher,' and 'encouraging teacher.' These results suggest the need of systematic education through pre service curriculums that help early childhood pre service teachers form a balanced view and perception on the meaning of free play and the teachers' role performance.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.373-389
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• 2008

In this paper, we designed a teaching unit for the learning mathematization of secondary pre-service teachers through exploring the relationship between partition models and generalized fibonacci sequences. We first suggested some problems which guide pre-service teachers to make phainomenon for organizing nooumenon. Pre-service teachers should find patterns from partitions for various partition models by solving the problems and also form formulas front the patterns. A series of these processes organize nooumenon. Futhermore they should relate the formulas to generalized fibonacci sequences. Finding these relationships is a new mathematical material. Based on developing these mathematical materials, pre-service teachers can be experienced mathematising as real practices.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.631-641
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• 2001

This study is to investigate women have pre menstruation discomfort, The period of this research was almost one month (from 25, August 2001 to 25, October 2001). The PAF (Premenstrual assessment form), which was made by Park, Myonng-Wha, used for this study. The confidence rate is Crombach's $\alpha$= .9773. Correcting research papers are analyzed by SPSS 7.5 program and normal feature of the subject is divided by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The average age of the subjects is 26.47 age. 220 subjects(44.6%) have gastroenteric trouble like, enteritis, stomachache, laxity. 278 subjects usually have caffeine drink in routine life. 123 subjects(24.9%) have controlled their diet. The average age of the first plowing is 13.55 ages and distribution is between 10 years and 20 years. The average of the uncomfortable point is 2.84. The way to reduce the uncomfortable feeling on the menstruation is taking relax time. 2. All subjects have experienced pre menstruation discomfort, even the degree uncomfortable feeling is different. Through eighteenth categories on the research papers, average point 2.21 were calculated and many subjects have fatigue ($2.89{\pm}1.0614$) and normal physical uncomfortable ($2.84{\pm}1.0633$) and undercurrent water symptom and unsuitability ($2.45{\pm}0.9857$). 3. According to the result of this study, that shows statistical difference; age (F=2.56. p=.037). marriage (t=2.60, p=.009) the number of children(t=2.83, p=.005), stress level(F=13.03, p=.000) job(F=3.91, p=.020). monthly income(t=2.14. p=.032) uncomfortable degree on the menstruation (F=19.121, p=.000), use of contraceptive appliance or pill(t=-2.20, p=.043), schooling (F=3.30, p=.038). Further research is need to understand pie menstruation discomforts, the variables associated with them. And nursing intervention has to considered in program to reduces of pre-menstruation discomforts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Studies evaluating the effect of health education on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer have generated conflicting results. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention towards knowledge of HPV vacccination for cervical cancer prevention among pre-university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental before and after study performed between October 2014 and March 2015. Five hundred and eighty students were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. All were required to complete both pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. Those in the intervention group were given an information leaflet to read before answering the post-intervention questionnaire. Results: Almost half (48.3%) of the students had poor knowledge, with a score less than 5, and only 51 (8.8%) exhibited good knowledge, with a score of 11 and above. After educational intervention, the number of students with poor knowledge was reduced to 177 (29.3%) and the number of students who exhibited good knowledge increased to 148 (25.5%). Students from the intervention group demonstrated significant higher total scores in knowledge regarding 'HPV infection and cervical cancer' (p=0.000) and 'HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention' (p=0.000) during post-intervention as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Knowledge on HPV infection and vaccination is low among pre-university students. Educational intervention in the form of information leaflets appears effective in creating awareness and improving knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.542-548
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of Na-alginates's average molecular weight (AMW), their concentrations and divalent metal ions on hydrophobic interaction of solution of Na-alginates in sea tangle produced Saccharina japonicus in East Coast of Korea. As the AMWs of Na-alginates decreased, the formations rates of hydrophobic micro domains and pre-micelles between intermoleculars of Na-alginates were increased. The pre-micelles between Na-alginates chains fully were formed when their concentrations reached 0.2%. In the effects of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ on the hydrophobicity of Na-alginates solution, when the AMWs of Na-alginates were increased, the formation rates of hydrophobic micro domains produced by $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ in alginates chains were increased. When $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ concentrations that were needed to form gels of alginates solutions were insufficient, the formations of pre-micelle in alginates having large AMW were more incomplete than those of small AMW. In the increasing range from 0.01 to 0.1 mM in divalent metal ion concentration, the formation rate of pre-micelle in alginates solution added $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ were more faster than that of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 2010

Porous calcium phosphates were successfully fabricated by using a cuttlefish bone. The cuttlefish bone, which is composed of $CaCO_3$, showed a special porous microstructure containing uniform-sized voids. In this study, the pre-forms infiltrated distilled phosphoric acid were sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ in an air atmosphere. The porous microstructure of the pre-forms was kept their original pattern after sintering with a synthesis of calcium phosphate. The obtained porous calcium phosphate, sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 3 h at 17% concentration of phosphoric acid, showed uniform open pores of 150 ${\mu}m$ in size and $\beta$-TCP phase in the XRD patterns. Above 16% concentration, CaO phase, derived from the decomposition of $CaCO_3$, decreased gradually in the sintered samples, and the measured Ca/P ratios of the samples prepared from 16% and 18% concentration were 1.67 and 1.43, which are close to stoichiometric HA (1.66) and $\beta$-TCP (1.50).

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

This paper presents the seismic evaluation and prediction of a damaged piloti-type Reinforced Concrete (RC) building before and after post-retrofitting under successive earthquakes. For considering realistic successive earthquakes, the past records measured at the same station were combined. In this study, the damaged RC building due to the first earthquake was retrofitted with a buckling-restrained brace (BRB) before the second earthquake occurred. Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NTHA) was performed under the scaled intensity of the successive ground motions. Based on the extensive structural response data obtained form from the NTHA, the fragility relationships between the ground shaking intensity and the probability of reaching a pre-determined limit state was were derived. In addition, The the fragility curves of the pre-damaged building without and with the BRBs were employed to evaluate the effect of the successive earthquakes and the post-retrofit effect. Through the seismic assessment subjected to the successive records, it was observed that the seismic performance of the pre-damaged building was significantly affected by the severity of the damage from the first earthquake damages and the hysteresis behavior of the retrofit element.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

Recently, various attempts have been made to change traditional lecture classes such as flipped learning and blended learning, and their effectiveness has been verified in various fields. On the other hand, the 2015 revised curriculum enables students to participate in self-directed learning by encouraging student participation. Teachers should also try to change the teaching method, and to improve the teaching methods by confirming the advantages and disadvantages of such new teaching methods in accordance with the demands of the times. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of applying Blended learning class to teach mathematics education for elementary education 1 class which is one of the required subject in university of education.