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Evaluation of Accelerated Retirement Program for In-use Diesel Vehicles based on their NOx Emission Characteristics (노후 운행경유차의 NOx 배출특성분석 및 조기폐차대책을 통한 삭감 방안 검토)

  • Keel, Jihoon;Lim, Yunsung;Kim, Hyungjun;Roh, Hyungu;Yun, Boseop;Lee, Sangeun;Lee, Taewoo;Kim, Jeongsoo;Choi, Kwangho
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.122-128
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    • 2017
  • Currently, the proportion of diesel vehicles in all automobile has grown significantly over the past few years. Air pollutant also grew up and became a social problem. In particular, the issue of NOx emissions caused by NOx high emission in real driving has become a global issue. Despite the fact that the regulatory and reduction project of the new vehicle is actively carried out, there are no existence regulations of In-use diesel vehicle's NOx emission. Therefore, the emission characteristics of the in-use diesel vehicles were investigated to seek ways to reduce NOx emissions in this study. The test targets were used in 237 close inspection of exhaust gases and model year varied from 1996 to 2011. However, the classification of emissions by emission standards differed considerably from NOx emissions. This means that the selection method for early retirement targets should be converted from model year to amount of emissions. If the current early retirement program was applied to the existing system, pre-Euro 3 was 22.530 g/km and Euro 4 was 21.810 g/km to NOx reduction. However, when the vehicle was changed to high emission target vehicle, NOx reduction increase maximum 84.705 kg/yr. According to the study results, an effective reduction in NOx emissions can be achieved if an earlier target in expanded to Euro 4 vehicles.

Study of the Effective Management and Care System on in-Use Fire Fighteris Turnout Gear (소방복 유지관리시스템의 효율화 방안)

  • Son, Bong-Sae;Choi, Kye-Youn
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.72-77
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to provide fundamental information required to establish an efficient maintenance and management system for fire fighting clothing which takes into account the domestic fire protection environment and situation. There aren't any detailed regulations and appropriate pre-inspection systems which would be required for proper maintenance of fire fighting clothing, as well as any test methods to determine the life spans of fire fighting clothing properly. Thus, this study tries to analyze the problems in use of fire fighting clothing and its maintenance situation and summarize overseas maintenance situation for fire fighting clothing. As a result, it is found that domestic fire fighting clothing is washed, repaired, and stored without any systematic management regulations. It is also found that the life spans of fire fighting clothing are determined, based on part of overseas management regulations on fire fighting clothing. Therefore, it is imperative to set up efficient management regulations and test methods for fire fighting clothing which would be required for efficient use of the fire fighting budgets and the life safety of fire fighters.

A Study on the Production System of Korean Stage Costume - Focused on the Musical 'Chicago' - (국내 무대의상 제작시스템 방법론 정립에 관한 연구 - 뮤지컬 '시카고'를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Young-Sam
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.62 no.4
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2012
  • Ever since the year 2000, Korea's musical markets has invited famous overseas license performances and have therefore cooperated with staffs working overseas in regards to stage costumes. This study aims to suggest the methodology of the stage costume making process according to the present advanced production system of Korea's musical market. The researcher participated in the stage costume making work of 'Chicago' as a costume supervisor. It took place at the Opera House of Seongnam Art Center from January 10, 2010 to February 28, 2010. Furthermore, there was significance in reinforcing academic values and implementing practical making process of stage-costumes based on the actual field work. The method of this research was carried out through a theoretical research and a case study that focused on empirical research. As for the research scope, it was limited to the actual stage-costumes that the researcher fully engaged with as a costume supervisor of the musical 'Chicago.' The results of this study were as follows. The stage costume making process of the musical 'Chicago' was categorized according to the classification of production system in the performance. For pre-production, it was divided according to the information of the actor and the analysis of the bible. Rehearsal period was divided according to the product clothes and fitting. Production week & preview were divided according to the changeover of clothes and the arrangement of dressers. The Run was divided according to the inspection of the situation concerning clothes in general during the performance. Post-Production Period was divided according to the collection of clothes and the implemented database. This study eventually suggested appropriate stage-costume making processes for the costumes making environment according to the expansion of overseas license musical market. However, it has a limitation of the research scope to the musical 'Chicago.' The creative performances of the domestic version are planned in diverse forms and come to abroad animate by the Korean Wave. Therefore, the field of stage-costume is necessary for the establishment of practical schemes of the system and copyright in accordance with the environment.

A Study on Automatic Coregistration and Band Selection of Hyperion Hyperspectral Images for Change Detection (변화탐지를 위한 Hyperion 초분광 영상의 자동 기하보정과 밴드선택에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Sung;Kim, Yong-Il;Eo, Yang-Dam
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.383-392
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    • 2007
  • This study focuses on co-registration and band selection, which are one of the pre-processing steps to apply the change detection technique using hyperspectral images. We carried out automatic co-registration by using the SIFT algorithm which performance was already established in the computer vision fields, and selected the bands fur change detection by estimating the noise of image through the PIFs reflecting the radiometric consistency. The EM algorithm was also applied to select the band objectively. Hyperion images were used for the proposed techniques, and non-calibrated bands and striping noises contained in Hyperion image were removed. Throughout the results, we could develop the reliable co-registration procedure which coincided with accuracy within 0.2 pixels (RMSE) for change detection, and verified that band selection depending on the visual inspection could be objective by extracting the PIFs.

The Effect of Hypothesis Formulation using Abduction on Science Processing Skills and Creative Thinking Activities (귀추를 이용한 가설 설정이 과학 탐구 능력과 창의적 사고 활동에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Na-Young;Yoo, Pyoung-Kil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.60-67
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of hypothesis formulations using abduction on science processing skills and the creative thinking activities. As the subject, 2 classes in the $6^{th}$ grade of B elementary school located in Busan were selected. Through the pre/post inspection design between experiment and comparison class, the units of science courses in the second semester of $6^{th}$ grade '1. A change in the weather' and '2. Various gases' were applied. The results were as follows: Firstly, the test on science processing skills showed that there was not statistic meaningful differences between the two groups. And, in the sub-parts, there was not statistic meaningful differences between the two groups. Secondly, it was observed that it would have a meaningful effect to improve the creative thinking activities of students who performed hypothesis formulation using abduction. Especially, through this, the experimental class gave a positive effect on the 'Fluency' and 'Elaboration', one of lower categories of the creative activities. The results of 'Flexibility' and 'Originality' in the experimental class were higher than those of students in the comparative class. However, according to statistical analysis, this result is meaningless. Thirdly, on the survey about the hypothesis formulation using abduction, many students thought that this learning method was very interesting and helpful to study science. In addition, it was observed that the ability to use abduct thinking was improved more than ever before.

Identification of Track Irregularity by Frequency-Domain Transfer Function (주파수영역 전달함수를 이용한 궤도틀림 식별)

  • Kim, Jae-Cheon;Kwon, Soon-Jung;Yin, Jing-Lin;Lee, Hyeung-Jin;Kim, Man-Cheol;Shin, Soo-Bong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.506-511
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    • 2009
  • An algorithm for identifying track irregularities along the railway is presented. A baseline frequency-domain transfer function based on the equivalent SlSO(Single Input Single Output) model is defined at the intact condition between the measured track geometry of the ground displacement and the acceleration measured at a location in a train. The pre-defined transfer function at the intact condition is used inversely to predict track geometry in time with the currently measured acceleration at the same location in a train. The predicted track geometry is compared in time with that of the baseline values at the intact condition. The difference between them is calculated as an error in time and used to identify the track irregularities. An irregularity index is proposed as the ratio between the moving variance of the error at the current inspection and that at the intact condition. A 3D numerical simulation study has been carried out with a train model to verify the validity of the presented algorithm. In the analysis for the simulation, the track geometry has been considered as the displacement boundary condition varying in time.

The Effects of Coordinative Locomotion Training Using the PNF Pattern on Walking in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (PNF 패턴을 결합한 협응적 이동 훈련이 척수손상환자의 보행에 미치는 효과)

  • Hwang, Sang-Su;Maeng, Gwan-Cheol;Kim, Jin-In;Jung, Chang-Wook
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of coordinative locomotion training (CLT) on walking speed, walking endurance, and balance for incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Methods: Ten subjects were randomly assigned to the CLT group (n = 5) and the treadmill (TM) group (n = 5). The CLT group performed PNF pattern exercise using the motions of the sprinter and skater for 30 minutes, while the TM group performed using a treadmill for 30 minutes. Both groups performed these therapeutic interventions for five days per week, for a period of four weeks. A 10 meter walking test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 6 meter walking test were used for the assessment of gait speed, balance, and gait endurance. The SPSS Ver. 18.0 statistical program was used for data processing. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for the comparison of pre- and post-intervention performance and a Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between the groups. The significance level for the statistical inspection was set at 0.05. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the 10 meter walking test, Berg Balance Scale, and 6 meter walking test (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CLT had an effect on the improvement of walking speed, walking endurance, and the balance of incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Thus, we suggest that CLT is a therapeutic intervention for incomplete spinal cord injury patients.

Investigation of the Management of Foodservice Facilities in Community Child Centers in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Area (대구·경북지역 지역아동센터 급식시설 운영 실태조사)

  • Park, Suk-Hyeon;Jung, Hyeon-A
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.459-472
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    • 2017
  • This study provides preliminary data to help organize improvements in analyzing the importance and performance of sanitation management items and the management of foodservice facilities in Community Child Centers in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Area. Questionnaires were distributed to 173 participants in sanitation and safety education at the center from April~June 2013 and 121 questionnaires were used as analysis data to investigate the management of foodservice facility at Community Children Centers in Daegu Gyeongbuk area. Most of the Community Child Centers are privately owned, and 62.0% had 20 to 29 children. Only 6.6% and 50.4% of the centers had nutritionists or cooks, respectively, due to budget deficits, and the foodservices were run by employees holding other positions. An investigation of sanitation management found that 84.3% of employees had a regular health inspection with significant differences between Daegu and Gyeongbuk (p<0.05). Most of the sanitation education was necessary, and the contents of sanitation education were applied to the fields in 66.1% of facilities. The reasons why the contents of them were not used in the fields included, the shortage of facilities and devices at 20.7%, which was the most common explanation. The separation separated of contaminated and non-contaminated areas were observed in 45.5% of facilities (p<0.01), separated sinks for pre-processing and cooking were found in 50.4%, and a show significant higher rate was noted in Daegu than in Gyeongbuk (p<0.05). An interior wall and, floor tile installation were observed 43.8% of facilities and a significantly higher rate was noted in Daegu than in Gyeongbuk (p<0.05). 30.9% of centers in Daegu and 11.3% of centers in Gyeongbuk area were equipped with a hot holding table(p<0.05). Overall, there is a need for education of foodservice to managers because most facilities do not have dietitians. In addition, facilities and equipment should be supplied continuously to foodservice facilities in community child centers.

The Improvement Method of Position Accuracy of Digital-Map in Small Area (소규모 지역에서 수치지도의 위치정확도 향상 방안에 관한 연구)

  • 이근상;장영률
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.263-275
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    • 2001
  • With increasing of utilization of 1/1,000 Digital-Map being constructed with NGIS project, it is entering upon the stage that problem as the inspection of position accuracy of Digital-Map before its use. This paper evaluated position accuracy of Digital-Map being based on the construction of college facility management system into small area and presented modification/renovation of Digital-Map on area being occurred position error. With a view to evaluation of position error to building using RTK survey, position error was shown more than 0.5mm that is prescribed in survey-law. In order to acquire good position accuracy, first we carried out Static survey to college and selected control point. And, we evaluated coordinate value to important building from control point and compared these results with RTK survey results. Second, we carried out Affine transform based on the control point of building being surveyed with RTK, transformed pre-constructed Digital-Map and compared these results with RTK Survey results. We analyzed first and second method and presented improvement method of position accuracy of Digital-Map suited on small area.

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Orders Status Analysis on the Successful Bidder Decision Method of Turnkey Alternative Tendering Construction (턴키·대안입찰공사 낙찰자 결정방식에 의한 수주현황 분석)

  • Park, Hong-Tae;Lee, Yang-Kyu
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.771-780
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    • 2013
  • Inspection system which was performed in the past selected the final winning bidder by separating Pre-Qualification, the basic design evaluation and price evaluation. However, turnkey and alternative bidding construction has selected way to determine the successful bidder as the best design and the most low cost method, comprehensive evaluation method (bid price adjustment, design score adjustments, weights standard), the best design and the fixed amount method from january 1, 2010 to the present. Due to these institutional problems, orders institutions were often a way to determine the successful bidder to apply differently for identical or similar construction. Therefore this study winning bidder selection criteria through analysis of construction the number and construction order performance, order performance by work division and institutional orders, the weights bidder order performance and orders status of turnkey alternative tendering construction to civil part performed in domestic.