• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2021

Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth, especially women-owned SMEs in Pakistan, However, the impact of technological adaption and innovative activities on SMEs growth in the context of Pakistan has been examined by very researchers. This study aims to identify the effect of technology and open innovation policies on the growth of women-owned SMEs and the present trends and management challenges for successful full implementation of open innovation. The study considered a sample of 693 women enterprises located in different cities in Pakistan. Open innovation is measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. Study findings revealed that women enterprises were involved in several open innovation policies during the last five years. Moreover, the study indicated no significant differences between manufacturing and service SMEs regarding open innovation practices; however, women enterprises are more impressively engaged in open innovation practices. Findings also reveal that women-owned SMEs follow open innovation, mainly for market-related intentions, to compete with competitors and meet customers' demands. Thus, it is suggested that government policy relating to thriving SMEs owned by women should be innovation-oriented. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications. Further, the study is helpful for SMEs, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2006

This study reviews trends of Japanese consumer policies, with particular attention to the situations of operating local consumer centers, in an effort to find ways to develop rapidly changing local consumer administration practices in Japan. Budget cut on consumer administration by the Japanese government has resulted in a reduction of consumer centers in Todohuken, while new consumer policy, which seeks greater consumer independence, has encouraged civil consumer groups' participation in consumer administration. In particular, entrustment of consumer centers to civil groups has increasingly stimulated more region-oriented local consumer policies and enhanced the efficiency of consumer administration. To activate local consumer administration, it seems necessary to provide assistance to entrusted civil groups, strengthen business regulations of Todohuken administration, and ensure more effective operation practices of civil consumer groups.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2010

In recent decades, as the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine in the United State have been growing rapidly, regulatory controls surrounding complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) aims to ensure patient protection against unproven practices and to provide safe and effective treatments. Regulation and policy method on licensing CAM practitioners varies across the states. Over 85% of the states have the licensing system for acupuncturists, chiropractors, and naturopaths. For acupuncture, although the requirements for formal education are various across the states, a unified written examination has been adopted by almost entire states which have acupuncturist licensing law. Medicare, the public medical insurance, does not cover CAM practices except chiropractic and biofeedback. In some states, however, Medicaid programs cover some CAM therapies including acupuncture, naturopathy, and massage therapy. 67% of Health Maintenance Organizations, the private health plans, provide at least one modality of CAM services. In conclusion, government policies have been strengthened to ensure patient protection, and will continue to integrate CAM practices that are proven to be safe and effective into mainstream health care system.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2010

Whatever the country, nanotechnology features as a key priority of most national research and innovation policies. This focus on nanotechnology is due to the promises of this general purpose technology, this new technological wave. As 'one size does not fit all', policies supporting its development cannot just adopt the 'best practices' of the preceding wave. We argue that specific on-going dynamics of nanoscience and technology production justifies the existence of dedicated nanotechnology policies. It also questions the portfolio of instruments mobilized and their balance. In this article, we discuss policies developed for the preceding technological waves and, based on the characteristics of nanosciences and technologies, propose five dimensions of policies to be taken into consideration for their governance at the country and cluster levels.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2019

Background: Promoting healthy lifestyles at work should complement workplace safety programs. This study systematically investigates current states of occupational health and safety (OHS) policy as well as practice in the European Union (EU). Methods: OHS policies of EU member states were categorized as either prevention or health promotion provisions using a manifest content analysis. Policy rankings were then created for each prevention and promotion. Rankings compared eight indicators from the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks-2 data on prevention and promotion practices for each member state using Chi-square and probit regression analyses. Results: Overall, 73.1% of EU establishments take preventive measures against direct physical harm, and about 35.4% take measures to prevent psychosocial risks. Merely 29.5% have measures to promote health. Weak and inconsistent links between OHS policy and practice indicators were identified. Conclusion: National OHS policies evidently concentrate on prevention while compliance with health and safety practices is relatively low. Psychosocial risks are often addressed in national policy but not implemented by institutions. Current risk assessment methods are outdated and often lack psychosocial indicators. Health promotion at work is rare in policy and practice, and its interpretation remains preventive. Member states need to adopt policies that actively improve health and well-being at the workplace.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.251-274
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• 2013

본 연구는 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 호주의 15개 정부연구비지원기관에서 제공하는 데이터관리 정책을 분석하여 국내 데이터 정책 개발을 위한 참고사항을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 데이터 정책의 내용 분석을 위해 선행연구를 바탕으로 1) 데이터의 정의, 2) 데이터관리 원칙, 3) 데이터관리 계획, 4) 데이터관리 실행, 5) 법적 윤리적 측면의 5가지 기준을 제시하였다. 분석결과 이러한 내용들을 모두 포함하고 있는 데이터정책은 존재하지 않았지만 다수의 기관들이 분석기준으로 제시된 내용들을 정책에서 공통적으로 다루고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 제시된 데이터 정책 개발을 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구비를 지원하는 학문 분야의 데이터 생성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 데이터의 정의와 유형을 제시하여 관리대상을 명확히 한다. 둘째, 국내 연구데이터 관리에 적용할 수 있는 데이터관리 원칙을 수립하고 이를 정책에 제시한다. 셋째, 연구자들의 데이터관리에 대한 책임을 강화할 수 있는 데이터관리계획 도입을 검토한다. 넷째, 연구자들의 데이터 공유를 촉진하고 지원할 수 있는 데이터관리 실행 내용을 정책에 명시한다. 다섯째, 데이터 공유의 근거가 되는 법제도의 적용 및 개선방안을 검토하여 데이터 공유와 관련된 법적 윤리적 문제를 최소화하는 정책을 마련한다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2012

South Korea has made remarkable achievements and gained many experiences on waste disposal and recycling, which help our country to develop cyclic economy and construct a harmonious society. This paper summarizes the policies, regulations and specific practices on waste disposal and recycling including industrial waste and household waste in South Korea so as to provide some references for the establishment of policies related to the waste recycling in our country.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.151-171
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between family-friendly policies in working places and the childbearing intentions of married-employed women. The analysis included 415 married working women from the 2012 wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family. The factors influencing the childbearing intentions of the women were age, education, number of children under age 18, childbirth leave, childcare facilities, and flextime. The women whose work-places provided childbirth leave had stronger childbearing intentions. The women under age 35 had stronger childbearing intentions when their work-places had flextime policies. In conclusion, my recommendation is that the government should pay more attention to the micro-personal factors, such as the Family-friendly Workplace Practices proposed in this study, when executing policies to reverse the current trend of low fertility.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

에너지효율분야 모범정책 사례는 IEA의 연구결과를 비롯한 선행연구자료에서 수집된 전 세계의 거의 모든 사례를 대상으로 모범정책의 4가지 속성, 즉 경제적 성과, 시너지, 정치적 조정, 시장성의 부합 여부, 부합 정도 등을 평가하여 검증단계를 거쳐 선정되었다. 선정결과 모범정책은 거버넌스, 재정, 유틸리티, 가정, 수송, 산업/중소기업 등 6대 분야에서 모두 36개의 사례로 제시되었다. 에너지효율 모범정책들이 실행된 국가들은 에너지비용 절감을 통해 높은 수익률과 부수비용 감소, 기업의 생산성 향상, 에너지 접근성 향상과 같은 다양한 효과를 얻고 있다. 향후 다른 국가들이 이러한 효과를 거두기 위해서는 각 국가의 상황에 맞게 정책을 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.427-453
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• 2009

This study aims to review legal problems of similar medical practice and suggest methods of improvement. Similar medical practice refers to all medical practices conducted in the state that human qualification is not fulfilled. It may cause serious damages on health and lives of national people. Currently, similar medical practices are recognized as unlicensed medical practices and prohibited based on the Medical law and additionally punished by then special law in Korea. However, the current Medical Law does not provide clear and accurate concept of medical practices so that it is difficult to regulate similar medical practices. The issue of complementary and alternative therapy related to similar medical practices is also in special state different from other countries. In addition, since similar medical practices lack of evidences in terms of safety, the dangerousness of accidents is high and it may affect badly on health of national people and health care policies. Methods of improvement in order to resolve problems regarding similar medical practices are: first, concept and scope of medical practice should be clear, accurate and concrete. Second, complementary and alternative therapies related to similar medical practices need to be strictly examined and the supervisory right should be given to doctors should be given even though a part of it is allowed. Third, research institutes specialized in the field should be established for scientific examination of complementary and alternative therapy and objective research results should be open to the public. Finally, since damage cases caused by similar medical practices by non-medical personnel, national management and supervision for similar medical practices should be reinforced.