• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2000

The variability of a ventilated filter cigarette depends on the details of its construction and on the variabilities of its components. Variations in filter ventilation arise from many sources, including variations in tobacco rod pressure drop, filter tip pressure drop, tipping paper permeability, and plugwrap permeability. To reduce the filter ventilation variability, the variability of filter ventilation levels in ventilated cigarettes is studied by Monte Carlo Analysis. For each trials a value is selected for tobacco rod pressure drop, filter tip pressure drop, tipping paper permeability, and plugwrap permeability. These values are selected randomly from a normal distribution based on the target and coefficient of variation for each input variable. The results of this analysis for filter ventilation variation suggest that the variations of filter ventilation are dependent on the details of cigarette designs studied and reducing the variability of any cigarette component will reduce filter ventilation variability. For typical cigarettes, variation in the permeability of tipping paper is usually the most significant contributor to filter ventilation variability. Results of a Monte Carlo Analysis could provide both general insights and specific practical guidance about the design of ventilated filter cigarettes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2008

Concrete bridge decks, as well as asphalt pavement, are directly exposed to traffic loads and environmental conditions like rain water and deiceing chemicals. In this reason, there are often observed the deteriorations of asphalt overlay and of concrete deck under pavement. In this reason, it is important to identify the clear cause of concrete quality from a practical point of view. Therefore, in this paper it was initiated to ultimately suggest a protocol offering guidance as to assurance the quality control of concrete bridge deck on the part of void characteristics of concrete. Examinations such as visual inspection, deteriorated depth, and various void characteristic performed from cored specimens of 19 concrete bridge decks of various local conditions on the expressway. This paper discuss that the bridge deck condition analyses from the testing results were compared to a foreign guide line.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.2 s.30
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

User's requirements are rapidly diversed by economic and social changes. Architect, however, doesn't well reflect user's required performance on the drawings in practical business, so that it causes many change orders. For this reason, this paper identified user's requirements through extensive literature review and convert users' requirements into the performance items in order to measure the weight through the survey from users and experts. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guidance for design through the comparing and analyzing the user's weight and expert's weight.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.213-224
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• 2001

This study was conducted to explore the communication processes and contents between cooperating teachers and their student teachers during student teaching conferences. To reach this purpose, five research questions were generated. 15 cooperating teachers and their 15 student teachers from 9 kindergartens located in Seoul and Ilsan city participated in the study. The conferences of each dyad were tape-recorded for further analysis. "Analyzing System for Interaction of Learning" designed by Thies-Sprinthall was used to analyze the data. The research findings were as follows: First, cooperating teachers talked more than the student teacher during the conference. Second, the cooperating teachers used more directive talk than indirective talk. Third, the speaking patterns of the student teachers revealed that student teachers express their opinions frequently(55.6% of total pattern). Fourth, cooperating teachers focused their remarks more on the instructional issues(48.5%). The cooperating teachers emphasized on the operation of class(23.1%), other subject(12.3%), practical guidance(10.7%), self-assesment(5.4%) in order. Fifth, the most emphasized issue by student teachers was the instructional matters which was reported by 53.4% of the entire subjects.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2020

The offshore installation units may be subjected to various accidental loads such as collision from supply vessels, impact from dropped objects, blast load from gas explosion and thermal load from fire. This paper deals with the design and strength evaluation method of the stiffened plate structures in response to a blast load caused by a gas explosion accident. It is a comprehensive review of various items used in actual project such as the size and type of the explosive loads, general design procedure/concept and analysis method. The structural analyses using simple analysis methods based on SDOF model and nonlinear finite element analysis are applied to the particular FPSO project. Also validation studies on the design guidance given by simple analysis method based on SDOF model have also considered several items such as backpressure effects, material behavior and duration time of the overpressure. A good correlation between the prediction made by simple analysis method based on SDOF model and nonlinear finite element analysis can be generally obtained up to the elastic limit.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.225-242
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• 2015

Cyberbullying, i.e., posting malicious comments online, has been identified as a critical issue in the online and social media context. It has become prevalent on a global scale, which happens across all ages. As a way to reduce and prevent cyberbullying, it is important to promote online prosocial behavior. In line with the concept of online prosocial behavior, we suggest posting benevolent comments against posting malicious comments as a new type of online prosocial behavior, which can combat cyberbullying and facilitate positive online culture. This study thus aims to analyze what motivates people to post benevolent comments in the online context. Based on interview methods, we extracted seven driving factors (self-presentation, pleasure, social contribution, emotional support, reputation, monetary reward, and reciprocity) and two inhibiting factors (social anxiety and effort) of posting benevolent comments online. This study has its theoretical contribution in exploring the motivation factors leading to the posting of benevolent comments by extending the concept of online prosocial behavior. It also has its practical implications by providing guidance for promoting prosocial behavior in the online context.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

A bitcoin-based technology named blockchain is garnering attention in various industries as a cost-effective measure in strengthening security and a reliable technology medium. Blockchain technology will play a critical role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and IT technology is expected to bring fundamental changes. This study focuses on the characteristics of blockchain technology and the effects of the intention to accept its technology in an empirical manner. The aspects of the technology are organized by researching blockchain technology and theories of technology acceptability and previous studies were used as guidelines to create the research model and propose the hypothesis. The research model is based on UTAUT with a set-up of 5 factors for performance expectancy and effort expectancy. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted on 283 IT workers in Korea, To examine the hypothesis structural equation modeling was used performance expectancy was influenced by security, reliability, diversity, and economic efficiency while effort expectancy was influenced by reliability and economic efficiency. Performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions affect the intention to accept. Innovativeness of an organization and control effects are influenced as well. The present study aims to provide practical guidance as supplementary research in utilizing blockchain technology, and the limitations of the study and future research possibilities are discussed as well.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.773-786
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• 2016

Multiple quantile regression that simultaneously estimate several conditional quantiles of response given covariates can provide a comprehensive information about the relationship between the response and covariates. Some quantile estimates can cross if conditional quantiles are separately estimated; however, this violates the definition of the quantile. To tackle this issue, multiple quantile regression with non-crossing constraints have been developed. In this paper, we carry out a comparison study on several popular methods for non-crossing multiple linear quantile regression to provide practical guidance on its application.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a child health care protocol for teachers in child day care centers. Methods: The ADDIE model with 10 Kid Keys was applied to develop this child health care protocol. All contents were developed through content validity test by 7 professionals and need assessment and evaluation by child day care center teachers. Results: This protocol consisted of 10 keys, as follows: "Health Examination/Growth & Development", "Practice of Health Life", "Management of Communicable Disease", "Negligent Accident", "Coping with Emergency and Transference", "Child Abuse", "Nutrition/Obesity", "Quality Assurance of Staff", "Parent Education", "Guidance & Supervision of Child Day Care Centers". The contents contained goals, objectives, teaching content, suggested activities for children, writing forms related to each subject, and self-evaluation sheet. Conclusion: This protocol can be practical and effective for child health care in child day care centers and it is hoped that it will be utilized in more child day care centers.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.795-800
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• 2007

In the previous study, a simple but effective analysis procedure, named as an Improved Modal Pushover Analysis (IMPA) was proposed to estimates the seismic capacities of multi-span continuous bridge structures, on the basis of the modal pushover analysis which considers all the dynamic modes of a structure. Differently from other previous studies, IMPA maintains the simplicity of the capacity-demand curve method and also gives a better estimation of the maximum dynamic response of a structure. Nevertheless, its applicability has never been approved for multi-span continuous bridges with large differences in the length of their adjacent piers. This paper, accordingly, concentrates on a parametric study to verify the efficiency and limitation in application of IMPA through a correlation study between various analytical models including the Equivalent Single Degree Of Freedom (ESDOF) and Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) usually used in the seismic design of structures. Based on the obtained numerical results, this paper introduces a practical guidance and/or limitation for using IMPA to predict the seismic response of a bridge effectively.