• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2005

HMT is a type of continuously variable transmission which has split power flow path characteristics with gear train and hydro static unit. The benefit of improved fuel economy and high power capacity enables it to be a promising application fur large vehicles. This paper presents the analysis results including velocity, static torque, transmission efficiency and dynamic model of the HMT that is developed for city buses. The speeds or gear shafts, the static clutch torque and split power ratio for each mode are detailed here. From the analysis of HMT transmission efficiency considering the power loss in meshed gear and hydraulic unit, we can conclude that minimization of hydraulic power is necessary for improved fuel economy design. Also, the dynamic simulation result for mode shift characteristics shows that little shift shock is observed because of the synchronized rotation speed in clutch.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.778-783
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• 2012

Due to the increase of oil price, the needs of the reduction of the fuel cost is rising. Therefore, necessity of hybrid vehicle that runs with engine and the electric motor is on the rise. In order to improve the performance of hybrid vehicle, many researches is carried out. Hybrid vehicles have been developed with the various layout such as serial type, parallel type, power split type, and multi-mode type. The multi-mode hybrid vehicles are designed to show the efficient driving characteristics at low speed and high speed. But the multi-mode system have the problem such as frequent clutch engagement. Frequent clutch engagement causes the shock of vehicles, and the shock inhibits the ride comfort. In this study, automation mechanism of clutch operation is proposed to mitigate the shock at engaging clutch. For this purpose, the dynamic characteristics of motor control is numerically analyzed by using Matlab/Simulink.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2012

This paper proposes a low-cost, low-power, and high-capacity optical-electrical-optical-type reach extender that can provide 3R frame regeneration and remote management to increase the reach and split ratio with no change to a legacy time division multiple access passive optical network. To provide remote management, the extender gathers information regarding optical transceivers and link status per port and then transmits to a service provider using a simple network management protocol agent. The extender can also apply to an Ethernet passive optical network (E-PON) or a gigabit-capable PON (G-PON) by remote control. In a G-PON, in particular, it can provide burst mode signal retiming and burst-to-continuous mode conversion at the upstream path through a G-PON transmission convergence frame adaptor. Our proposed reach extender is based on the quad-port architecture for cost-effective design and can accommodate both the physical reach of 60 km and the 512 split ratios in a G-PON and the physical reach of 80 km and the 256 split ratios in an E-PON.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 23 GHz 국간(Point-to-point) 통신용 Push-Push발진기를 Split Ring 공진기(Split Ring Resonator)를 사용하여 설계, 제작하였다. Split Ring 공진기(SRR)는 둥가회로를 이용한 이론적인 해석 및 MPIE(Mixed Potential Integral Equation)수칙해석 툴을 이용 해석하였다. 이 해석된 결과를 사용하여 전송 모드로 마이크로 스트립 라인과 결합된 SRR를 분석하였다. 제작된 발진기은 23 GHz에서 출력 전력은 4dBm, 기본 주파수 및 3차 고조파 억제는 - 20 dBc, - 34 dBc의 특성과 발진주파수에서 1 MHz offset에서 -109 d dEc/Hz의 SSB위상잡음 및 1.4%의 변환 효율을 나타내었다. 이 실험결과는 이론 및 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치함을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.799-806
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• 2007

One method for improving the torque capacity of the CVT is to use a split-powered CVT(SPCVT) to reduce the power transmitted into a continuously variable unit(CVU). A variable bridge SPCVT with two planetary gear units(PGUs), which are composed of a sun gear, a ring gear, and carrier and planetary gears, can minimize the power to the CVU. However, a SPCVT with a conventional CVT should possess a dual mode, which would allow the conventional CVT to be used at high speeds and an additional gear train to be used at low speeds. The inner-spherical CVU(ISCVU) with an inner and outer spherical contact mechanism developed in this study can cover the range from low to high speeds. The rated power and the overall speed ratios were 100 kW and $0.09{\sim}0.36$, respectively. Power efficiency was numerically calculated to be over 90% over the speed ratio range of $0.1{\sim}0.29$. The maximum shear stress at the two contact areas of the rotor pairs, the minimum life and the overall size were estimated to be 700 MPa, 276 kh and $350{\times}350{\times}400mm^3$, respectively. This study shows that an ISCVU and a variable bridge type PGU can realize the SPCVT with a single mode for a vehicle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

The efficiency of the hybrid systems which are composed of compound planetary gear sets depend on the amount of the recirculating energy among the motors and battery. This paper studies the analysis of the system efficiency with the parameters, ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma_a},\;{\gamma_b}$ and $\gamma_s$. The efficiency of the systems and the relative torque, speed and power of the power resources are represented by these parameters. The recuperating parameter $\kappa$ which makes the systems generalized is introduced, so the efficiencies of the modes such as the hybrid mode, the engine mode, the motoring mode and the recuperating mode are analyzed with simple equations. The tendency of the system efficiency according to the variations of the $\gamma_s$ and $\kappa$ are studied, by which it can be possible to reduce the loss of the power because the strategies for avoiding the singular speed ratio $\gamma_s$ are helpful for the system efficiency and specific value of $\kappa$ can increase the efficiency of the systems.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.539-542
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• 2006

Many researches about next generation vehicles are trending toward HEV which has better fuel economy than an internal-combustion engine. But existing HEV has some defects at specific running states(eg. highway running It is possible that dual-mode hybrid system overcomes that defects. Mode change parameter, ${\gamma}$ helps to analyse the mode changing of dual mode hybrid and is applied at a numerical analysis on testing the performance. There is an additional constraint when vehicles drive on engine mode. No power assistance of battery applies on engine mode. Because vehicles must be sustained by only engine power while vehicle drives on constant speed mode. At the conclusion of this paper, graphs show the ability of motors that satisfy the equilibrium of the lever system. Designers can roughly determine capacities of the motors, parameters of the lever system by this analysing method.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1720-1728
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• 2018

This paper proposes a novel soft starting algorithm by using PWM inverter technique to control an amplitude of the motor starting current at a single-phase induction motor (SPIM). Traditional SPIM starting methods such as a Split-Phase, Capacitor-Start, Permanent-Split Capacitor (PSC), Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run (CSCR), basically cannot control the magnitude of starting current due to the fixed system structures. Therefore, in this paper, a soft starting algorithm based on a proportional resonant (PR) control with a variable and constant frequency is proposed to reduce the inrush current and starting up time. In addition, a transition algorithm for operation modes is devised to generate a constant voltage and constant frequency (CVCF). The validity and effectiveness of the proposed soft starting method and transition algorithm are verified through experimental results.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2006

Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environment-friendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition(HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. In addition, this study confirmed the possibility of securing optimum fuel economy emission reduction in the IMEP 8bar range(which could not be achieved with existing partially premixed combustion) through forced charging, exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), compression ratio change and application of DOC catalyst.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2018

A novel three-phase four-wire inverter topology is presented in this paper. This topology is equipped with a special capacitor balance grid without magnetic saturation. In response to unbalanced load and unequal split DC-link capacitors problems, a qusi-full-bridge DC/DC topology is applied in the balance grid. By using a high-frequency transformer, the energy transfer within the two split dc-link capacitors is realized. The novel topology makes the voltage across two split dc-link capacitors balanced so that the neutral point voltage ripple is inhibited. Under the condition of a stable neutral point voltage, the three-phase four-wire inverter can be equivalent to three independent single phase inverters. As a result, the three-phase inverter can produce symmetrical voltage waves with an unbalanced load. To avoid forward transformer magnetic saturation, the voltages of the primary and secondary windings are controlled to reverse once during each switching period. Furthermore, an improved mode chosen operating principle for this novel topology is designed and analyzed in detail. The simulated results verified the feasibility of this topology and an experimental inverter has been built to test the power quality produced by this topology. Finally, simulation results verify that the novel topology can effectively improve the inhibition of an inverter with a three-phase unbalanced load while decreasing the value of the split capacitor.