• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1993

This study involves a Common Cause Failure (CCF) problem on the ultra-high reliability required system development such as war game operations, nuclear power control, air traffic control, space shuttle missions, and large scale network communication system. The system situation problems are defined according to CCF, reliability and system fault identifications for the development cast verifications in the multi-version redundant software system. Then, CCF analysis of redundant system, system principles and statistical dependence are also described. This validation oh the CCF in the human software interaction system will notify software engineers to conceive what really is CCF contribution factor, not only the internal but the external ones.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.872-878
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• 1988

During the past few years, a great deal of attention has been directed to the application of superconductivity to the electrical systems such as superconducting power transmission lines, superconducting magnet energy storage and so on. Yet in order to develop the practical model of these electrical equiqments utilizing suprconductivety and other phenomena at cryogenic temperautre, it is necessary to know the dielectric behaviour of insulating materials at cryogenic temperature in view of reliability, safety and economy of these machines. Investigation of dielectric properties of cryogenic liquids is very important due to the dual role of those as the dielectric and cooling medium. In this study, we investigated results measured over several kinds of dielectric characteristics of liquid nitrogen taking into consideration for application of high Tc superconductor. Dependence of breakdown voltage of gap width, polarity and pressure is reported in this paper and time delay characteristics of breakdown is also the subject of this discussion.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유통학회 1999년도 공동추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.161-177
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• 1999

Marketing channels have been characterized as social systems by the recent channel literatures. Under this assumption, many channel behavioral theories were developed by examining hypothetical relationships among several channel variables. Among them, interrelationship of channel cooperation with other variables has been one of major concerns to channel managers. From this point of view, the objective of this paper is to examine the role of cooperation in the franchise system of garments goods. In order to achieve our goal, data was collected from garment retailers and a simple random sample of 150 dealers was drawn and tested. Major findings through the data analysis are as follows : 1. Higher levels of dependence lead to higher levels of cooperation. 2. Noncoercive sources of power tends to increase intrachannel cooperation. However, the hypothesis that higher levels of coercive sources of power will lead to lower levels of cooperation was not statistically supported. 3. Another hypothesis that higher levels of conflict will lead to lower levels of cooperation was partially supported. 4. Higher levels of cooperation lead to higher levels of cooperation. In this study, data was gathered from the retail side of the franchise channel dyad for garments goods. Therefore, future research are suggested to investigate respondents of both sides(franchiser and franchisee) of the channel dyad.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.906-917
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• 2011

This study identified the present state of store and selection criteria of supplier from the regional fashion buyer point of view and examined the effects of the factors of relative impact between buyer and supplier on the relational bond. The interviews and questionnaires were administered to the owners or the sellers of 85 fashion retail stores in Gwangju. For analysis of data, frequency, means, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and regression analysis were applied. The results were as follows. First, in the results of examining the actual conditions of store managers for fashion buyers, fashion buyers complained about lengthy travelling and time consumption inconvenience. They also reported decrease in margin and monthly mean sales over last year. Second, the most important selection the criteria for the supplier were product power, followed by a convenient store layout. Finally, higher quality communication, more compromises, and higher dependence were affected with higher satisfaction, trust, and commitment in suppliers; conversely, the trust and commitment of the buyers decreased relative to the increased power of the suppliers.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-54
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• 2007

첨단산업의 기업들은 환경의 변화에 효과적으로 대응하는 것을 기업 성패에 중요한 요인으로 여기고 있다. 하지만 첨단산업의 환경 동태성이 공급체인 구성원 간 관계 결속에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 부족하여, 환경 변화에 효과적인 대응을 어렵게 하고 있다. 본 연구는 첨단산업에서 환경 동태성이 공급체인의 결속에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘에 대해 규명하고 있다. 좀 더 구체적으로 말하면, 첫째, 첨단산업의 고객, 경쟁, 기술 동태성이 공급체인의 결속에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 둘째, 공급체인의 유연성과 의존성이 이러한 영향에 어떠한 조절효과를 가지는 지 실증하고 있다. 구조방정식 모형에 의한 가설검정 결과 첨단산업의 고객 동태성은 공급체인의 결속을 약화시켰지만 경쟁 동태성은 강화시키는 역할을 하였다. 한편 유연성과 의존성은 고객과 경쟁 동태성에 유의적인 조절 효과를 가졌다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2016

In this study we investigate 195 spacecraft anomalies from 1998 to 2010 from Satellite News Digest (SND). We classify these data according to types of anomaly : Control, Power, Telemetry etc. We examine the association between these anomaly data and daily peak particle (electron and proton) flux data from GOES as well as their occurrence rates. To determine the association, we use two criteria that electron criterion is >10,000 pfu and proton criterion is >100 pfu. Main results from this study are as flows. First, the number of days satisfying the criteria for electron flux has a peak near a week before the anomaly day and decreases from the peak day to the anomaly day, while that for proton flux has a peak near the anomaly day. Second, we found a similar pattern for the mean daily peak particle (electron and proton) flux as a function of day before the anomaly day. Third, an examination of multiple spacecraft anomaly events, which are likely to occur by severe space weather effects, shows that anomalies mostly occur either when electron fluxes are in the declining stage, or when daily proton peak fluxes are strongly enhanced. This result is very consistent with the above statistical studies. Our results will be discussed in view of the origins of spacecraft anomaly.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2013

Ieodo is a submerged rock within a Korea's Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) in the East China Sea with its most shallow part about 4.6m below the sea level which has no specific rights for the EEZ delimitation. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) stipulates that any coastal state has the rights to claim an EEZ that stretches up to 200 nautical miles from its shore, except where there is an overlap with a neighboring country's claims. Korea claims that Ieodo is within its EEZ as it sits on the Korean side of the equidistant line and the reef is located on the Korea section of the continental shelf. China does not recognize Korea's application of the equidistance principle and insists that Ieodo lies on its continental shelf. According to UNCLOS, Ieodo is located in international waters, rather than one country's EEZ as the two countries have failed to reach a final agreement over the delimitation of the maritime border. This study seeks to understand the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) strategy as main obstacles for the EEZ delimitation between Korea and China. PLAN's Strategy evolves from "coastal defense" to "offshore defence", since the late 1980s from a "coastal defence" strategy to an "offshore defence" strategy which would extend the perimeter of defence to between 200 nm and 400 nm from the coast. China's economic power has increased It's dependence on open trade routes for energy supplies and for its own imports and exports. China want secure Sea Lane. PLAN's "offshore defence" strategy combines the concept of active defence with the deployment of its military forces beyond its borders. China's navy try to forward base its units and to achieve an ocean going capability. China's navy expects to have a 'Blue Water' capability by 2050. China insists that coastal states do have a right under UNCLOS to regulate the activities of foreign military forces in their EEZs. China protests several times against US military forces operating within It's EEZ. The U.S. position is that EEZs should be consistent with customary international law of the sea, as reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. has a national interest in the preservation of freedom of navigation as recognized in customary international law of the sea and reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. insists that coastal states under UNCLOS do not have the right to regulate foreign military activities in their EEZs. To be consistent with its demand that the U.S. cease performing military operations in china's EEZ, China would not be able to undertake any military operations in the waters of South Korea's EEZ. As such, to preserve its own security interests, China prefers a status quo policy and used strategic ambiguity on the Ieodo issue. PLAN's strategy of coastal defence has been transformed into offensive defence, Korea's EEZ can be a serious limitation to PLAN's operational plan of activities. Considering China'a view of EEZs, China do not want make EEZ delimitation agreement between Korea and China. China argues that the overlapping areas between EEZs should be handled through negotiations and neither side can take unilateral actions before an agreement is reached. China would prefer Ieodo sea zone as a international waters, rather than one country's EEZ.

• 의료법학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.171-197
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• 2017

이 연구는 보건의료법학의 발전 과정과 법학방법론에 대한 기초적 이해와 문제의식을 토대로 보건의료법학에 있어 역사적 연구의 의의와 그 접근 방법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 보건의료법학에 있어 역사적 연구는 보건의료법이 역사적 현실 속에서 변화하고 발전하는 모습을 탐구하는 것을 그 일차적 목적으로 한다. 그러나 보다 실천적인 관점에서 보건의료법에 대한 역사적 연구의 목적은 '현재'의 보건의료법 체계를 올바르게 이해하는데 도움을 준다는 점에서 찾을 수 있다. 또한 역사적 연구는 보건의료법상의 여러 제도들이 유기적으로 연결되어 있으며 상호작용하고 있다는 사실을 인식시켜 주는데 도움을 준다. 더 나아가 역사적 연구는 미래의 보건의료법을 설계함에 있어서도 중요한 준거 자료로 기능할 수 있다. 따라서 역사적 연구에서는 과거의 보건의료법이 어떤 특정한 체계와 규정을 두고 있었는가에 대한 사실의 확인을 넘어, 과연 그러한 규정을 두게 되었던 이념적, 철학적, 정치 경제 사회적 이유 내지 압력 등을 탐구하여야만 한다. 법규범이 법현실 속에서 실제로 어떻게 집행되고 구현되었는지를 확인하는 것 또한 역사적 고찰의 중요한 부분을 구성한다. 이처럼 역사적 연구는 현재의 보건의료법을 보다 깊이 있고 정확하게 해석, 적용할 수 있도록 해줄 뿐만 아니라 미래의 법형성에 있어서도 결코 간과할 수 없는 통찰을 제공해준다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.237-261
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• 2010

본 연구는 정신장애인이 취업의 전 과정을 통해 어떤 경험을 하게 되며, 어떻게 자신의 역할을 가치화하고 궁극적으로 사회통합과정에 진입해 나가는지 심층적으로 이해하고자 하였다. 특정 현상의 본질적 모습을 참여자들의 삶과 연결하여 보다 생생하고 풍부하게 이해하기 위하여 현상학적 연구방법을 활용하였으며, Colaizzi의 분석방법을 통해 고유경험을 깊이 있게 기술하였다. 정신장애인의 취업경험에 관한 분석과 반성적 고찰을 통해 6가지의 주제묶음을 도출하였다. '좁은 문을 비집고 들어가기', '낯선 무대 위에 올려지기', '빠른 세상 속에 헛돌기', '버텨내기', '평범한 삶에 포개지기', '내 한계를 인정하며 한발 더 내딛기'이다. 참여자는 직업세계의 편견과 차별, 스스로의 기능적 제한을 경험하면서 사회적으로 성장하였고, 이를 통해 내재화된 환자역할에서 벗어나는 힘이 생기고, '장애'보다는 자신의 '능력과 노력'에 초점을 두어 자아를 통합하였다. 참여자들은 취업이 주는 정당한 고통이 자신이 지향하는 삶의 일부로 의미화하고, 한발 더 내딛어 세상에 합류하고자 하는 경험을 하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구결과를 통해 정신장애인의 취업지원을 위한 실천적 개입방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.489-492
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• 2005

We report new polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (PSFLC) cells with mechanical stability which is achievable by introducing photospacers in the cells. It was found that the mechanical st ability of the PSFLC cell was effected by introduction of photo spacers. We analyzed the dependence of mechanical stability and memory property on the density of photospacers in the PSFLC cell. The stability and memory properties of PSFLC Cells depending on photospacer density are discussed. 1. Introduction Recently, flexible displays have attracted much attention because they have remarkable advantages: thinner, lighter, non-breakable and conformable features. Flexible displays have various potential applications such as e-book and e-paper displays utilizing the distinct features. E-book and E-paper displays demand very low power consumption, so that bistable memory liquid crystal modes are required in case of flexible plastic LCDs for those application. Three kinds of memory LC modes have been developed; bistable nematic, bistable cholesteric and bistable FLC. Among them SSFLC as one of bistable FLC has big advantages such as low driving voltage, wide view angle and fast response time, SSFLC cells are, however, very weak against mechanical shock. Polymer stabilized FLC (PSFLC) has been developed to overcome the poor mechanical stability of SSFLC. PSFLC was known to have network structure that FLCs are oriented with smectic layer ordering in polymer network. The polymer network stabilizes the FLC orientation, which leads to improvement of mechanical stability of PSFLCD. A lot of studies have been done for the application of PSFLC to flexible $LCDs.^{[1{\sim}12]}$ However, it should be noted that PSFLC does not have sufficient mechanical stability for the particular applications such as smart card LCD, where LCD is highly bendable.Bead spacer was mainly used to maintain cell gap of conventional PSFLCDs. But the spacer density of it is not locally uniform in the cell, so that it is generally difficult that the PSFLCDs with bead spacers show sufficient mechanical stability. In order to more improve the mechanical stability of PSFLCDs, we introduced photospacers into PSFLCDs. In this paper, we describe the improvement of mechanical stability by introducing photospacers into PSFLCDs.