• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1571-1579
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• 2009

Antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts from Orostachys japonicus leaf, stem, and root were determined by rancimat method, DPPH radical scavenging effect, chelating effect, and reducing power analysis. The highest total phenolic compound (TPC) as 14.6 mg/g of dry sample and the strongest antioxidant activity in rancimat method (value of AI 1.98), DPPH radical scavenging effect (96% in 4 mg/mL), and reducing power (1.50 in 4 mg/mL) were observed in ethanol extracts from Orostachys japonicus leaf. Heat and pH stabilities on antioxidant activity of Orostachys japonicus leaf extract were studied through TPC and DPPH radical scavenging effect. As a result, the extracts from Orostachys japonicus leaf showed high stability. These results suggest that extracts from Orostachys japonicus leaf can be potentially used as proper natural antioxidant in the food industry.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-51
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• 2018

This article takes several approaches in explaining recent developments in Vietnam. First, it draws upon an array of sources that idealize Vietnam's embrace of capitalism and integration into the global market in order to sketch out its economy's progress in 2017. Second, it observes, evaluates, and diagnoses recent changes in the Vietnamese economy in the medium to long term by incorporating conflicting perspectives on Vietnam's performance as a capitalist country. Third, this article traces the power shifts that have risen from internal struggles in the Communist Party over political and social issues. Fourth, it elaborates on the aforementioned impact that foreign relations have had on socio-political developments in Vietnam, as well as the government's response. In so doing, it also attempts to evaluate, however briefly, the significance of the 25th anniversary of South Korea-Vietnam relations. Finally, it examines the public's reaction to the post-reform transitions in light of recent sociocultural changes. 2017 was a memorable year for Vietnam: a continuous march toward capitalism; the resulting expansion of the Vietnamese people's demands; political controversies and government control; the looming instability of United States-China relations and various attempts to address the situation. These events will inevitably replicate themselves in the future as the ostensibly socialist Vietnam adopts a capitalist model. The problem is that it is unclear whether these experiences will continue with the consent of the people of socialist Vietnam or engender resistance. It is difficult to achieve meaningful consent in the status quo of worsening inequalities, widespread corruption, monopoly on power, and sustained use of unskilled low-wage workers. In other words, when concerns such as welfare, public health, and the environment are set aside in favor of economic development and commercialization as they have been, discontent, rather than consent, will prevail. It is thus important to keep a watchful eye on the viability of the nominal economic growth, surface-level political stability, and strategic responses to foreign relations that took place in 2017.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

Artificial joint replacement is one of the major surgical advances of the 21th century. The primary purpose of a TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty) is to restore normal knee Auction. Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from a chair or climbing stairs;(b) allow the same range of motion as an complete knee; and (c) provide adequate knee joint stability. Four individuals (2 peoples after surgery one year and 2 peoples after surgery three years) participated in this study. All they were prescreened for health and functional status by the same surgeon who performed the operations. Two days of accommodation practice occurred prior to the actual strength testing. The isometric strength (KIN-COM III) of the quadriceps and hamstring were measured at 60$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$ of knee flexion, respectively. During isokinetic concentric testing, the range of motion was between 10$^\circ$ to 80$^\circ$ of knee flexion (stand-to-sit) and extension (sit-to-stand). for a given test, the trial exhibiting maximum torque was analyzed. A 16-channel MYOPACTM EMG system (Run Technologies, Inc.) was used to collect the differential input surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis(VL), rectus femoris (RF) during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tests. Disposable electrodes (Blue SensorTM, Medicotest, Inc.) were used to collect the EMG signals. The results were as follows; 1. Less maximum concentric (16% and 21% less for 1 yew man and 3 years mm, respectively) and isometric (12% and 29%, respectively) quadriceps torque for both participants. 2.14% less maximum hamstrings concentric torque for 1 year man but 16% greater torque for 3 years mm. However, 1 year man had similar hamstring isometric peak torque for both knees. 3. Less quadriceps co-contraction by 1 year man except for the VM at 10$^\circ$-20$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$-50$^\circ$ range of knee flexion.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-149
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• 2015

Recently many organizations have engaged in widespread restructuring as well as more flexible usage of labor in an attempt to cut costs and to increase profit. As a result of lays offs resulting from frequent restructuring, many people no longer consider their jobs as permanent positions. many employees have an increased feeling of job insecurity. There structuring and following downsizing have created an uncertain environment within creased fear offer ther job losses. therefore the study of job insecurity is significant. especially To understand the relationship between job security and union-relation behaviors on the industrial relations. The purpose of this study suggested the strategies to company and union. The purpose of this study is to examine how the union-relation behaviors are influenced by the job security. This study built a exploratory model that there is causal relationship of job security to union commitment, dual commitment, and labor related behaviors. For the verification of this study model, the regression analysis was applied to the surveys of 236 members of union that are located in Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Pohang. The result of this research shows that the job insecurity is strongly related to the union commitment and union related behaviors. According to the research, the effect that the job security affects union commitment and union related behaviors are positive. With the research outputs, we have discussed about the academic and pragmatic viewpoint. We proposed comprehensive model to verify how the job insecurity affects the union-related behaviors, and objectively analyzed the model. The research result was opposite to what the existing theories have said that high job insecurity derives high union-related behaviors. This result is meaningful because it is concerned with the social issues-present situation of Korean company, low-employment, unstable employment and so on. Moreover, this research may contribute to expand the aspect of academic research on job insecurity as there are few research conducted in korea. This research also suggests the realistic alternative of union-related behaviors because it is proved that job security can contribute to innovation activities. Also, this research implies that the matter of job insecurity is the basic need of organizational individual and presents that job security is not a notion but the alternative by using of the positional stability and situational control power. The limitation of this research is that it is only utilized the cross-sectional study. To remedy the cross-sectional study, vertical, and serial method of research is needed. And there is no enough sample to secure more comprehensive data as the targets of the research is limited to Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Finally, the measurement tool for job security is needed to be suitably modified to by the South Korea's economic, linguistic, and cultural situation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.153-195
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• 2010

The recent global financial crisis has been the outcome of, among other things, the mismatch between institutions and the reality of the market in the current global financial system. The International financial institutions (IFIs) that were designed more than 60 years ago can no longer effectively meet the challenges posed by the current global economy. While the global financial market has become integrated like a single market, there is no international lender of last resort or global regulatory body. There also has been a rapid shift in the weight of economic power. The share of the Group of 7 (G7) countries in global gross domestic product (GDP) fell and the share of emerging market economies increased rapidly. Therefore, the tasks facing us today are: (i) to reform the IFIs -mandate, resources, management, and governance structure; (ii) to reform the system such as the international monetary system (IMS), and regulatory framework of the global financial system; and (iii) to reform global economic governance. The main focus of this paper will be the IMS reform and the role of the Group of Twenty (G20) summit meetings. The current IMS problems can be summarized as follows. First, the demand for foreign reserve accumulation has been increasing despite the movement from fixed exchange rate regimes to floating rate regimes some 40 years ago. Second, this increasing demand for foreign reserves has been concentrated in US dollar assets, especially public securities. Third, as the IMS relies too heavily on the supply of currency issued by a center country (the US), it gives an exorbitant privilege to this country, which can issue Treasury bills at the lowest possible interest rate in the international capital market. Fourth, as a related problem, the global financial system depends too heavily on the center country's ability to maintain the stability of the value of its currency and strength of its own financial system. Fifth, international capital flows have been distorted in the current IMS, from EMEs and developing countries where the productivity of capital investment is higher, to advanced economies, especially the US, where the return to capital investment is lower. Given these problems, there have been various proposals to reform the current IMS. They can be grouped into two: demand-side and supply-side reform. The key in the former is how to reduce the widespread strong demand for foreign reserve holdings among EMEs. There have been several proposals to reduce the self-insurance motivation. They include third-party insurance and the expansion of the opportunity to borrow from a global and regional reserve pool, or access to global lender of last resort (or something similar). However, the first option would be too costly. That leads us to the second option - building a stronger globalfinancial safety net. Discussions on supply-side reform of the IMS focus on how to diversify the supply of international reserve currency. The proposals include moving to a multiple currency system; increased allocation and wider use of special drawing rights (SDR); and creating a new global reserve currency. A key question is whether diversification should be encouraged among suitable existing currencies, or if it should be sought more with global reserve assets, acting as a complement or even substitute to existing ones. Each proposal has its pros and cons; they also face trade-offs between desirability and political feasibility. The transition would require close collaboration among the major players. This should include efforts at the least to strengthen policy coordination and collaboration among the major economies, and to reform the IMF to make it a more effective institution for bilateral and multilateral surveillance and as an international lender of last resort. The success on both fronts depends heavily on global economic governance reform and the role of the G20. The challenge is how to make the G20 effective. Without institutional innovations within the G20, there is a high risk that its summits will follow the path of previous summit meetings, such as G7/G8.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.330-337
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• 2007

Influence of glass dielectric property (dielectric constant K, dielectric loss) on the external electrode fluorescent lamps of the dielectric barrier discharge has been investigated with 4-different glasses. Conventional borosilicate glass tubes with $K=5.6{\sim}5.9$ and tan ${\delta}=5.0{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.0{\times}10^{-3}$ and aluminosilicate glass tubes with high K=6.6 and low tan ${\delta}=1{\times}10^{-4}$ and soda-lime glass tribes with K=7.7 and tan ${\delta}=1.37{\times}10^{-2}$ have been compared. The high value of dielectric constant K makes the capacitance of external electrode fluorescent lamps intensity and enhances the discharge efficiency. The dielectric loss of tan ${\delta}$ shows the factor of power consumption in the external electrode to induce heats and to be weak in pinhole stability. The aluminosilicate glass tubes of high K and low tan ${\delta}$ have been enhanced by $14{\sim}18%$ in luminance and efficiency in comparison with the conventional borosilicate glass tubes and the aluminosilicate external electrode fluorescent lamps are strong against the pinhole formation. Soda-lime glass tubes with high K and high tan ${\delta}$ are a little favorable in luminance and efficiency and they are very weak in pinhole occurrence.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing concentrates of sunmul(soybean curd whey), the waste by-product of soybean curd processing, as functional food ingredients. Sunmul was concentrated by nanofiltration fo11owing ultrafiltration and then freeze-dried. The oil adsorption capacity of the nanofiltraion(NF) powder(97.33g/100g) was similar to that of sunmul powder(94.17g/100g), but was lower than that of ISP(isolated soy protein). However, the water holding capacity of NF powder could not be determined because the NF powder completely dissolved in water. The protein solubilities of sunmul powder and ISP in distilled H$_{2}$O, 0.1M and 0.5M NaCl were lowest at pH 4.0 and increased at more acidic or alkaline conditions. However, the protein solubility of NF powder was at its minimum at pH 6.0 and increased at more acidic or alkaline conditions. Emulsifying activity indexes of NF powder in 4% and 6% solution were minimal at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively, which were 3 to 8 times lower than that of sunmul powder. The emulsion stability of 4% sunmul solution was lowest at pH 4.0, but that of NF powder was highest at pH 5.0 and decreased at more acidic or alkaline conditions at all concentrations of solution. The total free amino acid contents of protein in sunmul, and NF power were 99.07 and 2,110.10mg%, respectively, and NF powder exhibited especially high threonine content. Rapid viscosity analysis of dough with 1 to 5% added NF powder demonstrated that all of the peak and final viscosities decreased with increasing NF powder concentration compared to the control.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-71
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• 1999

This research is an experimental work of developing a construction material using municipal wastewater sludge as liner and cover materials for waste disposal landfill. Weathered granite soil and flyash, produced as a by-product in the power plant, were used as the primary additives to improve geotechnical engineering properties of sludge. For secondary additives, bentonite and cement were mixed with sludge to decrease the permeability and to increase the shear strength, respectively. Various laboratory test required to evaluate the design criteria for liner and cover materials, were carried out by changing the mixing ratio of sludge with the additives. Basic soil properties such as specific gravity, grain size distribution, liquid and plastic limits were measured to analyze their effects on permeability, compaction, compressibility and shear strength properties of mixtures. Laboratory compaction tests were conducted to find the maximum dry densities and the optimum moisture contents of mixtures, and their effectiveness of compaction in field was consequently evaluated. Permeability tests of variable heads with compacted samples, and the stress-controlled consolidation tests with measuring permeabilities of samples during consolidation process were performed to obtain permeability, and to find the compressibility as well as consolidational coefficients of mixtures, respectively. To evaluate the long term stability of sludges, creep tests were also conducted in parallel with permeability tests of variable heads. On the other hand, for the compacted sludge decomposed for a month, permeability tests were carried out to investigate the effect of decomposition of organic matters in sludges on its permeability. Direct shear tests were performed to evaluate the shear strength parameters of mixed sludge with weathered granite, flyash and bentonite. For the mixture of sludge with cement, unconfined compression tests were carried out to find their strength with varying mixing ratio and curing time. On the other hand, CBR tests for compacted specimen were also conducted to evaluate the trafficability of mixtures. Various test results with mixtures were assessed to evaluate whether their properties meet the requirements as liner and cover materials in waste disposal landfill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.583-590
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• 2015

Submarine cable installation is essentials for grid connection between existing power grid and newly produced electricity which will be from offshore wind farm in Southwest sea area of Korea. Especially, submarine cable route and protection method is designed in order to ensure the economical efficiency, workability and stability of submarine cable installation. On this paper, we will give the basic information about the submarine cable route and protection method of offshore wind farm which will be built in Southwest sea area of Korea. For this, we have a numerical simulation at high and low tide based on the third-generation wave model SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore) using the long term wave data from Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST). The results of the study, year mean Hs is 1.03m, Tz is 4.47s and dominant wave direction is NW and SSW When the incident wave direction is NW(Hs: 7.0 m, Tp: 11.76s), the distribution of shallow water design wave height Hs was calculated about 4.0~5.0m at high tide and 2.0~3.0m at low tide. When the incident wave direction is SSW(Hs: 5.84 m, Tp: 11.15s), the distribution of shallow water design wave height Hs was calculated about 3.5~4.5m at high tide and 1.5~2.5m at low tide. The wave direction on a dominant influence in the section of longitude UTM 249749~251349(about 1.6 km) and UTM 251549~267749(about 16.2 km) in the submarine cable route are each NW and SSW. Prominently, wave focusing phenomenon appears between Wi-do and Hawangdeung-do, in this sea area is showing a relatively high wave hight than the surrounding sea areas.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.555-560
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• 2009

Sulfonic acid of the sulfonated 6FDA-based polyimides were exchanged with the monovalent ($Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$) and divalent ($Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$) ions. The effect of metal cations exchanged sulfonated polyimides was investigated in terms of gas permeability and selectivity for $CO_2$, $O_2$ and $N_2$ gases. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability of sulfonated polyimide was improved by exchanged metal cations. The permeabilities of monovalent cation-exchanged, sulfonated polyimide were reduced as the ion radius reduced [$Li^+$(0.059 nm)>$Na^+$(0.102 nm)>$K^+$(0.138 nm)], and those of divalent cations exchanged were determined by the ionic radii and electrostatic crosslinking between the polymer and metal cations, whereas the selectivities of all the metal cation-exchanged, sulfonated polyimides for $CO_2/N_2$ and $O_2/N_2$, were higher than those of sulfonated polyimide membranes. The sulfonated polyimide exchanged with the potassium cation showed the $O_2$ permeability of 89.98 Barrer [$1\times10^{-10}\;cm^3$(STP) $cm/cm^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}cmHg$] and the sulfonated polyimide exchanged with the lithium cation showed the $O_2/N_2$ selectivity of 12.9.