• Title/Summary/Keyword: Power Transmission line

Search Result 1,396, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Self-Preionization Effects of the Nitrogen Laser Using High Voltage Pulse Power Suply (고전압 펄스형 전원을 사용한 질소레이저의 자체 선전리 효과)

  • 이치원;안근옥;추한태;양준묵
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.169-177
    • /
    • 1990
  • We have constructed the laser system which was consisted of a high voltage pulse poner supply, a rapid high voltage spark gap and the Blumlein transmission line circuit of the multiple parallel plate capacitor type, and have studied the self-preionization effect from this laser system without additional modifications. The value of inductive or resistive loading of the laser oscillator seems to have a significant effect on the preionization. The optimal operational condition of this laser system was obtained at the inductive loading of L = I mtl across the laser tube with the spark gap distance of 6.0 mm. nitrogen pressure of 50 torr, when repetition rate was 70 Hz. Stability was found to be better than 2.0Yo and EIP was 867 V/cm.torr.

  • PDF

Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
    • /
    • v.2
    • /
    • pp.6-14
    • /
    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

  • PDF

The 4:1(50-Ω:12.5-Ω) microstrip-slot line impedance transformer using a dielectric resonator (유전체 공진기를 이용한 4:1(50-Ω:12.5-Ω) 마이크로스트립-슬롯 선로 임피던스 변환기)

  • Park, Ung-hee
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
    • /
    • v.24 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1484-1491
    • /
    • 2020
  • Since the slot line transmits electric and magnetic signals through the slot, the size of the slot greatly affects the signal power loss. In order to have low loss, the slot line is mainly used at a high frequency of above 3GHz on a substrate having a high dielectric constant(er). This paper proposes the 4:1 impedance transformer using a slot line on TLC-30 laminate (h=20mil, er=3.0; Taconic) being a relatively low dielectric constant at a frequency of 1.85GHz. In the proposed impedance transformer, the dielectric resonator is arranged on the slot line to reduce signal loss occurring at the slot line. The proposed 4:1 microstrip-slot line impedance transformer fabricated using a (Zr,Sn)TiO4 dielectric resonator(er=38) has the transmission loss(S21) of -0.375dB and the reflection value(S11) of -27.6dB at 1.855GHz. This confirms that the slot line can be stably used even in a low dielectric constant substrate and a low frequency region by using a dielectric resonator.

Analysis of Weight Factors for Siting the Electric Facilities utilizing Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP를 이용한 전력설비 입지선정 항목 중요도 분석)

  • Koo, Jakon;Kim, Sang-Ho;Yoon, Ko-San;Kang, Hyun-Jae;Jeong, Jong Chul
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.381-389
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to analyze the weight factors for siting the electric facilities using Analytic Heirarchy Process technique participating the stakeholders. Siting the electric facilities has been a dispute of long standing because of landscape damage, geological deformation and various environmental problems such as electromagnetic effect to human health. For analyzing the weight factors by AHP technique, the questionnaire process was applied to the fifteen committee members including representatives of resident, academic experts, members of local assembly, officers of local government, journalists, etc. in Gangwondo, Korea. Weight factors for siting the electric facilities by AHP committee members resulted in residential areas 35.06%, cultural assets 16.68%, landscape conservation 13.11%, large-scale ecological corridor 10.17%, connectability of electric transmission line 8.32% respectively. The distance from residential areas was the most important factor preferred by committee members for siting the electric facilities.

Diagnosis of Power and Control Cables Using Change of Reflection Coefficients Due to Weak Fault (미약한 결함에 의한 반사 계수 변화를 이용한 제어 및 전력 케이블의 상태 진단)

  • Yong, Hwan-Gu;Cui, Chenglin;Chae, Jang-Bum;Kim, Byung-Sung
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
    • /
    • v.25 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1269-1274
    • /
    • 2014
  • Since power and control cables have narrow bandwidth due to their loss at high frequencies, it is difficult to detect the weak fault using conventional reflectometry. It is because the reflected wave caused by the weak fault is overlapped and hidden by the ripple of the strong reflected wave from the end of the cable. This paper proves that the reflected wave from the weak fault can be considered to be linearly superposed on the strong reflected wave from the end of the cable based on the transmission line theory. Then, the weak fault point is experimentally diagnosed using the difference between reflection coefficients before and after the fault generation.

A Multi-objective Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Considering Observability and Measurement Redundancy using Firefly Algorithm

  • Arul jeyaraj, K.;Rajasekaran, V.;Nandha kumar, S.K.;Chandrasekaran, K.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.474-486
    • /
    • 2015
  • This paper proposes a multi-objective optimal placement method of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in large electric transmission systems. It is proposed for minimizing the number of PMUs for complete system observability and maximizing measurement redundancy of the buses, simultaneously. The measurement redundancy of the bus indicates that number of times a bus is able to monitor more than once by PMUs set. A high level of measurement redundancy can maximize the system observability and it is required for a reliable power system state estimation. Therefore, simultaneous optimizations of the two conflicting objectives are performed using a binary coded firefly algorithm. The complete observability of the power system is first prepared and then, single line loss contingency condition is added to the main model. The practical measurement limitation of PMUs is also considered. The efficiency of the proposed method is validated on IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems and a real and large- scale Polish 2383 bus system. The valuable approach of firefly algorithm is demonstrated in finding the optimal number of PMUs and their locations by comparing its performance with earlier works.

Numerical analysis on the effects of external light injection seeding in a gain-switched DFB semiconductor laser (이득 스위칭 DFB 반도체 레이저에서 외부 광 주입 효과의 수치적 분석)

  • 이명우
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
    • /
    • v.11 no.4
    • /
    • pp.265-270
    • /
    • 2000
  • We investigate the effects of the power and wavelength of externally injection seeded light on timing jitter and pulse width in a gain-switched $1.55\mu\textrm{m}$ DFB semiconductor laser by numerical simulation based on the transmission line laser model. As external seeding power increases, the timing jitter decreases and the pulse width increases. The lowest timing jitter is observed when the seed wavelength is aligned with the chirped spectrum center. By external seeding, we can decrease the timing jitter up to 1/2.7 without noticeable increase in pulse width. Our simulation results reasonably well agree with our sampled experiment and the other published papers. This proves the validity of our model to analyze a system based on a semiconductor laser. laser.

  • PDF

Design of Small-Size High-Power SPDT PIN Diode Switch with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Broadband Internet Application (결함접지구조(Defected Ground Structure)를 갖는 휴대 인터넷용 소형 고전력 SPDT PIN 다이오드 스위치 설계)

  • Kim Dong-Wook
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
    • /
    • v.16 no.10 s.101
    • /
    • pp.1003-1009
    • /
    • 2005
  • In this paper, small-size high-power single pole double throw(SPDT) switch with defected pound structure(DGS) is presented for wireless broadband internet application. To reduce the circuit size using slow-wave characteristic, the DGS is applied to ${\lambda}/4$ transmission line of the switch and the measured results are compared with them of conventional switch. To secure high degree of isolation, the switch with the DGS is composed of shunt-connected PIN diodes and shows insertion loss of 0.8 dB and isolation more than 50 dB at 2.3 GHz. The size of the switch is reduced about $50\%$ only with the DGS patterns while it has very similar performance to the conventional shunt-type switch.

Novel Coupling Condition between Optical Fiber and Microstrip Antenna in Photonic Antenna (Photonic 안테나에서 광섬유와 마이크로스트립 안테나사이의 새로운 결합조건)

  • Ho Kwang-Chun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
    • /
    • v.43 no.4 s.346
    • /
    • pp.31-37
    • /
    • 2006
  • Strongly motivated by the need for significant reduction in the optics-to-antenna interface circuitry used in a Photonically controlled array, it has proposed the design development of a novel 'true photonic antenna' consisted of optical fiber and micro-strip antenna. To clarify the design capability of the geometry, modal transmission-line theory including the discontinuity property between circular i,nd planar guiding structures is defined, md the optical power coupling of a slot-coupled microstrip antenna directly fed from an optical fiber using photoconductive effect is evaluated numerically. The numerical results reveal that the maximum power transfer between the two different guiding structures occurs at a new point in which the guiding powers of two rigorous modes are equally partitioned.

Lightning Impulse Breakdown Characteristic of Dry-Air/Silicone Rubber Hybrid Insulation in Rod-Plane Electrode

  • Kwon, Jung-Hun;Seo, Cheong-Won;Kim, Yu-Min;Lim, Kee-Joe
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.10 no.3
    • /
    • pp.1181-1187
    • /
    • 2015
  • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used widely in electric power equipment such as Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), Gas Insulation transmission Line (GIL), and Gas Circuit Breaker (GCB). But applications of SF6 should be restricted because SF6 gas is one of the greenhouse effect gases. To reduce use of SF6 gas, a study on eco-friendly alternative insulation medium is needed. In this paper, we investigated lightning impulse (LI) breakdown of dry-air which is attracting attention as an ecofriendly alternative gas and the LI breakdown of hybrid insulation combined with dry-air and solid insulation (Room-Temperature Vulcanizing Silicone Rubber-RTV SIR) and dry-air in inhomogeneous fields according to gap distance and pressure. The experiment results showed that the LI breakdown strength of hybrid insulation system was higher than that of dry-air insulation system. It was verified that the development of technology related to eco-friendly power apparatus compact such GIS, GCB and GIL can be used as basic research data.