• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2019

Recently, there has been an increase in research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because they are easy to deploy in applications such as internet-of-things (IoT) and body area networks. However, WSNs have constraints in terms of power, quality-of-service (QoS), computation, and others. To overcome the power constraint issues, wireless energy harvesting has been introduced into WSNs, the application of which has been the focus of many studies. Additionally, to improve system performance in terms of achievable rate, cooperative networks are also being explored in WSNs. We present a review on current research in the area of energy harvesting in WSNs, specifically on the application of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a cooperative sensor network. In addition, we discuss possible future extensions of SWIPT and cooperative networks in WSNs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.12C
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• pp.1020-1028
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• 2010

Relay has attracted great attention due to its inherent capability to extend the service coverage and combat shadowing in next generation mobile communication systems. So far, most relay technologies have been developed under the half-duplex (HD) constraint that prevents relays from transmitting and receiving at the same time. Although half-duplex relay (HDR) is easy to implement, it requires partitioning of resource for transmission and reception, reducing the whole system capacity. In this paper, we propose a multinser precoding and power control scheme with sum rate matching for a full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay. Full-duplex relay (FDR) can overcome the drawback of HDR by transmitting and receiving on the same frequency at the same time, while it is crucial to reduce the effect of self-interference that is caused by its own transmitter to its own receiver. The proposed precoding scheme cancels the self-interference of the FDR as well as to support multiuser MIMO. Moreover, we suggest a power allocation scheme for FD MIMO relay with the constraint that the sum rate of the relay's received data streams is equal to that of the relay's transmit data streams.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.3-9
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• 2015

Under the maximum transmit power constraint and the minimum rate constraint, we propose the optimal number of transmit antennas and transmit power which maximize energy-efficiency (EE) in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system with the maximal ratio transmission (MRT) precoding. Because the optimization problem for the instantaneous channel is difficult to solve, we use independence of individual channel, average channel gain and path loss to approximate the objective function. Since the approximated EE optimization problem is two-dimensional search problem, we find the optimal number of transmit antennas and transmit power using Lagrange multipliers and our proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the number of transmit antennas and power obtained by proposed algorithm are almost identical to the value by the exhaustive search.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

In this paper, we consider a precoder design for downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) in distributed antenna systems (DAS). In DAS, remote radio heads (RRHs) are placed at geographically different locations within a cell area. Three different precoder design schemes are proposed to maximize the separate or joint signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR) metrics by considering RRH sum power or per-RRH power constraints. The analytical closed-form form solution for each optimization problem is presented. Through computer simulation, we show that the joint SLNR based precoding schemes have better signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and bit error rate (BER) performances than the separate SLNR based schemes. Also, it is shown that the precoding scheme with RRH sum power constraint has better performance than the precoding scheme with per-RRH power constraint.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.756-763
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• 2001

In the process of integrity evaluation for nuclear power plant components, a series of fracture mechanics evaluation on surface cracks in reactor pressure vessel(RPV) must be conducted. These fracture mechanics evaluation are based on stress intensity factor, K. However, under pressurized thermal shock(PTS) conditions, the combination of thermal and mechanical stress by steep temperature gradient and internal pressure causes considerably high tensile stress at the inside of RPV wall. Besides, the internal pressure during the normal operation produces high tensile stress at the RPV wall. As a result, cracks on inner surface of RPVs may experience elastic-plastic behavior which can be explained with J-integral. In such a case, however, J-integral may possibly lose its validity due to constraint effect. In this paper, in order to verify the suitability of J-integral, tow dimensional finite element analyses were applied for various surface cracks. A total of 18 crack geometries were analyzed, and $\Omega$ stresses were obtained by comparing resulting HRR stress distribution with corresponding actual stress distributions. In conclusion, HRR stress fields were found to overestimate the actual crack-tip stress field due to constraint effect.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

As one of the most important requirements for wireless sensor networks, prolonging network lifetime can be realized by minimizing energy consumption in cluster heads as well as sensor nodes. While most of the previous researches have focused on the energy of sensor nodes, we devote our attention to cluster heads because they are most dominant source of power consumption in the cluster-based sensor networks. Therefore, we seek to minimize energy consumption by minimizing the maximum(MINMAX) energy dissipation at each cluster heads. This work requires energy-efficient clustering of the sensor nodes while satisfying given energy constraints. In this paper, we present a constraint satisfaction modeling of cluster-based routing in a heterogeneous sensor networks because mixed integer programming cannot provide solutions to this MINMAX problem. Computational experiments show that substantial energy savings can be obtained with the MINMAX algorithm in comparison with a minimum total energy(MTE) strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-67
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• 2009

This paper addresses the dynamic consideration of the athletic constraints on skating motion. In order to generate a human-like skating motion, the athletic constraints are distinctively analyzed into dynamic constraints and physical constraints. A close investigation of the athletic constraints evolved valid extent of dominant parameter for a leg muscle. During the human-like skating motion, the state of actuation was shifted from region of maximum force to region of maximum power. Simulation results were intuitively comprehensible, and the effectiveness of analytic algorithm was demonstrated for skating motion.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

This paper considers a profit-based unit commitment problem with fuel consumption constraint and maintenance cost, which is one of the key decision problems in electricity industry. The nature of non-linearity inherent in the constraints and objective functions makes the problem intractable which have led many researches to focus on Lagrangian based heuristics. To solve the problem more effectively, we propose mixed integer programming based solution algorithm linearizing the complex non-linear constraints and objectives functions. The computational experiments using the real-world operation data taken from a domestic electricity power generator show that the proposed algorithm solves the given problem effectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1986

The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model for optimum design of diversified farming systems which have the regional characteristics. For this purpose, the farming surveys were conducted for mainly 1984 agriculture. They were carried out on January and July 1985 for three villages of central region of Korea. The surveyed data were analyzed by systems analysis and the diversified farming systems were modeled. They consist of four and six croping patterns for paddy and upland, two and three kinds of fruit crop and livestock, and seven kinds of farm machinery for each work system. Then a mathematical model was developed by the multiple objective decision making (MODM) method in order to design optimum systems of diversified farming. It consists of 23 decision variables, two objective functions and nine constraint functions. The goals of objective function are maximization of agricultural incomes and power inputs of farm machinery, and the modeled factors for constraint function are arable land, available capital, labor, and land utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.4 s.68
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• pp.8-13
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the welding residual stress distribution according to the constraint or non-constraint welding condition with titanium commonly using power station, aircraft, and ship. The measuring method of the residual stress was applied stress release rating method with strain gages and a potable strain meter. The x direction residual stress generally showed the tensile residual stress in case of res03int welding. On the other hand, the x direction residual stress under non-restraint welding were changed tensile stress into compressive stress on 15mm away from welding bead center. Also, the y direction residual stress generally showed the tensile residual stress in case of non-restraint welding and the y direction residual stress under restraint welding were changed tensile stress into compressive stress about 60mm away from welding bead center.