• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

A genetic algorithm (GA) has been employed to optimize the major design variables of the liquid rocket engine. Mass flow rate to the main thrust chamber, mass flow rate to the gas generator and chamber pressure have been selected as design variables. The target engine is the open gas generator cycle using the LO2/RP-1 propellant. The objective function of design optimization is to maximize the specific impulse with condition of energy balance between the pump and the turbine. The properties of the combustion chamber have been obtained from CEA2. Pump & turbine efficiencies and properties of the gas generator have been modeled mathematically from reference data. The result shows 3~4% errors for the specific impulse and 2~6% errors for the pump power of the gas generator cycle compared to references.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.2-2
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• 1992

최근 여러 분야에서 컴퓨터의 용도가 확산되고 더 높은 computing power에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라, 컴퓨터의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 프로세서의 고속화와 함께 시스템 구조의 개선을 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 한 시스템내에 여러 개의 CPU들이 존재하는 다중프로세서 시스템(multiprocessor system) 구조를 가진 슈퍼미니급 중형 컴퓨터들은 상호연결망으로서 버스(bus) 방식을 많이 채택하고 있다. 버스 구조는 하드웨어가 간단하여 구현이 용이하지만, 여러 개의 시스템 지원들(프로세서들, 기억장치 모듈들 및 입출력 모듈들)이 버스를 공유하기 때문에 경합으로 인한 지연 시간이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 지연 시간으로 인한 성능 저하를 개선하는 방법으로는 버스 수의 증가와 최적 통제 프로토콜의 설계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 개의 버스를 가진 다중프로세서 시스템에서 4가지 대표적인 버스 중재 프로토콜들에 대해 성능을 분석, 비교하여 최적 프로토콜을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 대규모 하드웨어에 의하여 구현되는 시스템에서 주요 설계 요소들에 따른 시스템 성능 분석과 비교는 설계 단계에서 필수적인 과정이다. 그러나 하드웨어를 만들어서 분석하는 방법은 시간과 비용이 많이 소요되기 때문에 소프트웨어 시뮬레이션 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구팀에서는 시뮬레이션 전용언어인 SLAM II를 이용하여 다중프로세서 시스템의 시뮬레이터를 개발하고, 버스중재 프로토콜(bus arbitration protocol)을 용이하게 변경할 수 있도록 하여 각각의 성능을 비교하였다. 이 연구에서 비교된 프로토콜들은 고정-우선순위 방식(fixed-priority scheme), FIFO(first-in first-out) 방식, 라운드-로빈 방식(round-robin scheme), 및 회전-우선순위 방식(rotating-priority scheme) 등이다. 실험은 시스템의 주요 요소들인 프로세서와 기억장치 모듈 및 버스의 수들을 변경시킴으로써 다양한 시스템 환경에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 작업 부하가 되는 기하장치 액세스 요구간 시간가격(inter-memory access request time interval)은 필요에 따라서 고정값 또는 확률 분포함수를 사용하였다. 특히, 실행될 프로그램의 특성에 따라 각 프로토콜의 성능이 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 검증하였으며, 기억장치의 지역성(memory locality)에 대한 프로토콜들의 성능도 비교하였다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.36-43
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• 2017

Blade design optimization of QTP-UAV prop-rotor was conducted using ModelCenter(R). Performance efficiency of the blade in hover and forward flight were adopted as the multi-objective function. Required power and pitch link force applied to constraint in each flight mode and limited lower than the value of the baseline blade. Design variables of root chord length of the blade, taper ratio, twist slope, twist angle at 0.5R of the blade, anhedral angle, parabolic coefficient of a tip shape and location of airfoil were used to generate the blade planform. CAMRAD-II, the comprehensive analysis program of rotorcraft, was used for performance analysis of prop-rotor blade in design process. Performance of the optimized blade improved 1.6% of figure of merit in hover and 13.6% of propulsive efficiency in forward flight. Pitch link force also reduced approximately 30% less than that of the baseline blade.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1187-1198
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• 2021

Sea wind isrecently drawing attraction as one of the sources of renewable energy. Thisstudy describes a new method to produce a 10 m resolution sea wind field using Sentinel-1 images and low-resolution NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) data with artificial intelligence technique. The experiment for the South East coast in Korea, 2015-2020,showed a 40% decreased MAE (Mean Absolute Error) than the generic CMOD (C-band Model) function, and the CC (correlation coefficient) of our method was 0.901 and 0.826, respectively, for the U and V wind components. We created 10m resolution sea wind maps for the study area, which showed a typical trend of wind distribution and a spatially detailed wind pattern as well. The proposed method can be applied to surveying for wind power and information service for coastal disaster prevention and leisure activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.617-631
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• 2019

In the four-step demand model, a gravity mode is used most commonly at the trip distribution stage. The purpose of this study was to develop a new friction factor that can express the accessibility property as a single friction factor to compensate for the variable limits of the gravity model parameters (travel time, travel cost). To derive a new friction factor, a new friction factor was derived using the space syntax that can quantify the characteristics of the urban space structure, deriving the link-unit integration degree and then using the travel time and travel distance relationship. Calibration of the derived friction factor resulted in a similar level to that of the existing friction factor. As a result of verifying the various indicators, the explanatory power was found to be excellent in the short - and long - distance range. Therefore, it is possible to derive and apply the new friction factor using the integration index, which can complement the accessibility beyond the limit of the existing shortest distance, and it is believed to be more advantageous in future utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The reduction of nitrogen to produce ammonia has been attracting much attention as a renewable energy technology. Ammonia is the basis for many fertilizers and is also considered an energy carrier that can power internal combustion engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells. Traditionally, ammonia has been produced through the Haber-Bosch process, in which atmospheric nitrogen combines with hydrogen at high temperature ($350-550^{\circ}C$) and high pressure (150-300 bar). This process consumes 1-2% of current global energy production and relies on fossil fuels as an energy source. Reducing the energy input required for this process will reduce $CO_2$ emissions and the corresponding environmental impact. For this reason, developing electrochemical ammonia-production methods under ambient temperature and pressure conditions should significantly reduce the energy input required to produce ammonia. In this review, we introduce the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction at ambient condition. Numerical studies on the electrochemical nitrogen reduction mechanism have been carried out through the computation of density function theory. Electrodes such as nanowires and porous electrodes have been also actively studied for further participation in electrochemical reactions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2020

This paper presents a new Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) security chip based on a low-cost, small-area, and low-power semiconductor process for IoT devices. The proposed security circuit has multiple challenge-to-response pairs (CRP) by adding the switching circuit to the cross-coupled path between two inverters of the SRAM structure and applying the challenge input. As a result, the proposed structure has multiple CRPs while maintaining the advantages of fast operating speed and small area per bit of the conventional SRAM based PUF security chip. In order to verify the performance, the proposed switched SRAM based PUF security chip with a core area of 0.095㎟ was implemented in a 180nm CMOS process. The measurement results of the implemented PUF show 4096-bit number of CRPs, intra-chip Hamming Distance (HD) of 0, and inter-chip HD of 0.4052.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-81
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• 2021

The effects of directional fracture tensor components and first invariant of fracture tensor on deformation moduli and shear moduli of fractured rock masses is analyzed based on regression analysis performed between 3-D fracture tensor parameters and deformability of DFN blocks. Using one or two deterministic joint sets, a total of 224 3-D discrete fracture network (DFN) cube blocks were generated with various configurations of deterministic density and probabilistic size distribution. The fracture tensor parameters were calculated for each generated DFN systems. Also, deformability moduli with respect to three perpendicular direction of the DFN cube blocks were estimated based on distinct element method. The larger the first invariant of fracture tensor, the smaller the values for the deformability moduli of the DFN blocks. These deformability properties present an asymptotic pattern above the certain threshold. It is found that power-law function describes the relationship between the directional deformability moduli and the corresponding fracture tensor components estimated in same direction.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.185-202
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• 2010

While it is often assumed that a country's trade balance will improve in the long-run if its currency is allowed to depreciate, this is not necessarily the case for specific industry. This paper is to examine the long-run relationships between trade balance and real exchange rate using bilateral data of SITC 10 Industry Classification for Korea vis-${\grave{a}}$-vis her trading partners Indonesia, India, China, Japan on a quarterly basis over the period of 1999Q1 to 2008Q4. I applied the recent panel cointegration technique to reduce the small sample problems and improving power performance of the relevant estimation and inference procedures. The results reveal evidence of the Marshall-Lerner Condition in Indonesia 2 industries, India 5 industries, Japanese 4 industries, Chinese 6 industries. Whole group's cointegration statistic of India, China, Japan was supported Marshall-Lerner Condition but Indonesia was rejected.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.6A
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• pp.39-49
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• 2008

AEA and ARIA are next generation standard block cipher of US and Korea, respectively, and these algorithms are used in various fields including smart cards, electronic passport, and etc. This paper addresses the first efficient unified hardware architecture of AES and ARIA, and shows the implementation results with 0.25um CMOS library. We designed shared S-boxes based on composite filed arithmetic for both algorithms, and also extracted common terms of the permutation matrices of both algorithms. With the $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology, our processor occupies 19,056 gate counts which is 32% decreased size from discrete implementations, and it uses 11 clock cycles and 16 cycles for AES and ARIA encryption, which shows 720 and 1,047 Mbps, respectively.