• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2008

Child labour is a disturbing issue for any society. It is attempted here in this article to develop an estimator to assess the numerical strength of this menace in Lahore division. A Horvitz and Thompson (1952) type of estimator is developed where weights are calculated on the basis of poverty and illiteracy to increase the sampling efficiency. Different characteristic features of this estimator, like its unbiasedness, variance, probability distribution, confidence intervals are also developed for its study from different angles.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of fiscal transfer, specifically the Village Fund Transfer, on rural income inequality and rural poverty. Studies on fiscal transfer offers contrasting outcomes, some argues that fiscal transfer suppresses wealth disparity, while others argue that it tends to widen disparity. This study employs descriptive analysis in estimating the elasticity of income inequality and poverty rate before and after the Village Fund Transfer. It develops multiple regressions model on panel datasets of 33 provinces in Indonesia before and after the implementation of Village Fund Transfer. This study suggests that the elasticity of income inequality is higher after the implementation of village fund transfer. Rural poverty tends to decline annually, however, the elasticity changes is lower after the implementation of village fund transfer. Furthermore, this study suggests that village fund transfer is insignificant in coping with the issue of income inequality, while education and the level of labor productivity of agricultural sector appears to be the determinant factor in tackling the issue of income inequality in the rural areas. This study further reveals the significance of village fund transfer in suppressing the rural poverty rate. This study also highlights the significance of human resources quality and agricultural sector in reducing poverty rate in rural areas.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2019

본 연구는 우리가 일상에서 생각하는 '빈곤'은 과연 무엇인가에서 출발하였다. 특히 본 연구는 개인적인 주관적 의견을 살펴보기 위하여 주관성연구방법인 'Q방법'을 활용하여 빈곤에 대한 인식을 유형화하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같이 4개의 유형으로 정의되었다. 은 "Retraction type"으로, 빈곤이란 'Retraction', 'Individual Effort Problem', 'Social Structure Problem', 'low status', 'Laziness' 등으로 '되물림의 문제'임을 강조하였다. 는 'Individual Effort Problem', 'Laziness', 'Incompetence', 'starvation' 등을 강조하고 있어, "Individual Problem type"으로 명명하였다. 은 'The food and shelter problem', 'starvation', 'Laziness', 'No Money' 등의 삶의 기본적인 요소인 의식주문제를 강조하고 있어, "Basic Problem type"으로 명명하였다. 는 "Resource Distribution Problem type"으로 사회의 구조적인 문제에 따른 '자원분배의 문제'를 강조하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 주관성연구방법을 활용하여 21세기 빈곤에 대한 인식을 유형화하였으며, 이에 대한 일반화를 위해서 향후 본 연구에서 출발하여 실증연구로의 융합적 확장연구를 기대한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1205-1214
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• 2020

The poverty level in Buru Regency is still high, despite the relatively stable economic growth. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to (1) Identify the leading commodity in each district in Buru Regency; (2) Analyze the effect of road infrastructure and leading commodities on poverty. The findings show that the most sparsely populated district is Fena Leisela, with mangoes as the leading commodity. Pineapple, langsat, apple rose, cabbages, cashews, coffee, cashew, melon, and watermelon are the leading products in Air Buaya, Batabual, Waplau, Lolong Guba, Lilialy, Waelata, Namlea, Kaiely Bay, and Waeapo, respectively. Additionally, the results also indicate that road infrastructure and leading commodities have a significant effect on poverty alleviation in Buru Regency. It means that improving infrastructure and increasing leading commodities production reduce poverty in the region. Good road infrastructure can promote connectivity between regions so that it can accelerate and expand economic development. The provision of infrastructure that encourages connectivity will reduce transportation costs and logistics costs to increase product competitiveness and accelerate the economic movement. When the road infrastructure in Buru Regency improves and new roads are built, it can improve transportation access, it will reduce the living cost for the poor and increase income, and open up opportunities for the poor to benefit from economic growth.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.755-767
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to examine and provide guidelines for regional governments, communities, and the private sector in planning and implementing poverty-reduction activities that are more effective, efficient, and targeted. Besides, this research's specific aims are: 1) increasing the rate of regional economic growth through optimization of potential sources of local income, 2) increasing per-capita income, and 3) reducing poverty, unemployment, and social-economic inequality of the community. The study was conducted in North Morowali District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, in 2018-2019. The research approach used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Data sources include sources from the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Regional Statistics. The results of this study are based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) indicators that there are four priority scales in poverty reduction, namely, Health and Infrastructure (Priority I), Education (Priority II), Food stability (Priority III), and Population and Employment (Priority IV). Therefore, as a solution to poverty alleviation strategies, the cost approach through regional economic optimization and local income sources and community empowerment factors are essential. Apart from that, the involvement between elements (government, organizations, society, universities, and institutions) is expected to continue as an effort to realize poverty reduction can be optimally overcome.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2020

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, …, xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

This research aims to investigate the application of Keynes's theory in Indonesia, particularly in solving unemployment and poverty problems through government spending, economic growth, and human resource capacity. The basic concepts of the Keynesian theory were used as a method, through which government spending was harnessed toward economic growth in reducing unemployment and poverty rate. The analytical materials used were panel data for the 2017-2021 period in Central Java, Indonesia. The analytical methodology used was a multiple regression experimental design in selecting the best model according to Keynes's theory, especially for overcoming formidable problems. The main results showed that large Government spending program is ineffective in encouraging pro-growth, pro-job, pro-poor, and pro-equity development policy strategies. The causes of this failure include the violation of Keynes' assumptions about rationality and the low quality of education investment, which do not encourage productive and innovative entrepreneurship, as well as self-employment opportunities. As a result, government spending, including subsidies and direct financial assistance, used to implement the macroeconomic monetary, unstructured, and fiscal policy system is insufficient to significantly reduce the enormous difficulties. The main research results confirm that human capital capacity is the key to mitigating and reducing unemployment and poverty.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-92
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• 2016

본 연구는 지역의 고용 구조와 빈곤과의 관계를 규명하고 이를 통해 빈곤정책의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 수급자 개인을 넘어 지역에 기반한 다양한 정책적 모색이 필요함을 제언하고자 한다. 본 연구는 소지역추정법을 통해 지역별 빈곤 공간분포와 지역의 다양한 특성과 빈곤과의 관계를 탐색한다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. 분석결과, 지역의 고용 및 산업 구조와 빈곤율의 관계는 밀접하게 관련이 있었다. 경제활동참가율과 고용율이 높을수록 지역 빈곤율은 낮아서, 최근 근로빈곤의 심각성을 시사하였다. 그리고 지역의 일자리 질은 부분적으로 지역의 빈곤율을 낮추는 효과가 있었다. 지역의 산업 구조와 빈곤율의 관계를 분석한 결과, 지역에 농업, 임업, 어업 종사인구가 많을수록 빈곤율은 높은 것으로 나타난 반면, 제조업, 도소매업, 숙박 및 음식점업 종사자 수와 비율은 빈곤율과 부적의 관계를 보여, 도시와 농산어촌 지역의 빈곤율 차이를 보여주었다. 그간 국내의 빈곤 연구들은 가구나 가구에 속한 개인에 초점을 맞추고 있어, 빈곤을 접근하는데 있어서 보다 거시적이고 구조적인 관점에서 접근하지 못하였다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 점에서 빈곤을 설명하는 시각을 더 넓히고 빈곤문제에 대해서 다양한 각도에서 접근할 필요성을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

디지털 기술의 발전과 사회 경제적인 성숙을 추구함과 더불어 주택과 토지에 대한소유 및 접근은 공간적 분포의 삶의 질과 빈곤을 평가하는데 있어 매우 중요하고 어려운 문제이다. 첨단 IT 기술과 매우 향상된 지리 및 토지정보 시스템이 공간적 인간 정주문제, 토지이용과 개발, 환경악화 등을 분석하는데 이용되고 있지만, 시공간 차원에서 발생하는 가난의 원인과 결과를 이해하는데 있어 초기연구 단계에 있는 듯 싶다. 이 연구는 육하원칙 인자를 이용하여 공간적 위치의 가난을 해석하고자 하였다. 또한 정보격차로 인하여 생기는 가난한 환경을 토지정보의 공간적 개념과 연계하고 빈곤을 해소하는 관점에서 새로운 모델을 제시하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the limelight question 'why India should open arms for Islamic banking?'. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper is theoretical and conceptual in nature and provides results based on significant literature review. Results - This paper will start with the discussion why Islamic name does not make it only for Muslims?, then its features and how it can improve India's current economic situation. Also this study will analyze the ability of Islamic finance to act as Micro-finance tool by including people who does not participate in economic activities. This paper also concludes that why religious issue should be sidelined in order to accept Islamic finance for empowerment of Muslim and non-Muslim minorities which live in abject poor conditions. Conclusions - Islamic finance has lot of merits which cannot be ignored by only looking at the name and believing that it is only for Muslims. Indian economic system needs a financial system which will work for welfare and not for profit to help poor communities in coming out of poverty. Interest free loans and micro-finance tools are the only way to help below poverty line population to raise their income level.