• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2018

Background: Poultry breeding has increased by 306% in Korea, inevitably increasing the production of manure which may contribute to environmental pollution. The nutrients (NP) in the manure are essential for crop cultivation and soil fertility when applied as compost. Excess nutrients from manure can be accumulated on the land and can lead to eutrophication. Therefore, a nutrient load on the finite land should be calculated. Methods: This study calculates the nutrient production from Korean poultry by investigating 11 broiler and 16 laying hen farms. The broiler manure was composted using deep litter composting while for layer deep litter composting, drying, and simple static pile were in practice. The effect of weight reduction and storing period during composting was checked. Three weight reduction cases of compost were constructed to calculate nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) using data from; i) farm investigation, ii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), and iii) dry basis. Results: During farm investigation of broiler and layer with deep litter composting, there was a 68 and 21% N loss whereas 77 and 33% P loss was found, respectively. In case of layer composting, a loss of 10-56% N and a 52% P loss was observed. Drying manure increased the P concentrations therefore NLCs calculated using dry basis that showed quite higher reductions (67% N; 53% P). Nutrient loss from farm investigation was much higher than reported by Korean Ministry of Environment (ME). Conclusions: Nutrients in manure are decreased when undergo storing or composting process due to microbial action, drying, and leaching. The nutrient load applied to soil is less than the fresh manure, hence the livestock manure management and conservation of environment would be facilitated.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

본 연구는 계분 발효에서 수분조절제로 톱밥을 대신하여 피트모스와 코코피트를 사용하였을 때, 계분발효에 미치는 영향과 이들의 시비효과를 조사하였다. 처리구는 계분 단독처리구(OP), 톱밥+계분처리구(SP), 피트모스+계분처리구(PP) 및 코코피트+계분처리구(CP)로 설정하였다. OP나 SP 처리구와 비교할 때, 계분 발효시 $50^{\circ}C$이상을 나타내는 기간이 PP와 CP 처리구에서 35일로 약 10일 정도 길었고, 퇴비화 후 45일 경 PP와 CP 처리구의 수분 함량은 약 50% 정도로 10% 정도 높은 경향을 보였다. 계분 발효과정에서 PP와 CP 처리구의 EC는 SP 처리구보다 증가하였고, pH와 유기물대 질소비는 처리구별 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 발효 종료 후 가공계분의 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량은 가공계분의 공정규격에 적합하였다. 상추, 케일 및 갓에 대한 재배시험 결과, PP와 CP 처리구는 OP나 SP 처리구보다 생육이 우수하였고 수량이 증가하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

Background: Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful gases generated during aerobic/anaerobic bacterial decomposition of livestock manure. We evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations generated from workplaces at livestock farms and determined environmental factors influencing the gas concentrations. Methods: Five commercial swine farms and five poultry farms were selected for monitoring. Real-time monitors were used to measure the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and environmental conditions during the manure-handling processes. Monitoring was conducted in the manure storage facility and composting facility. Information on the farm conditions was also collected through interview and walk-through survey. Results: The ammonia concentrations were significantly higher at the swine composting facilities (9.5-43.2 ppm) than at other manure-handling facilities at the swine and poultry farms, and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were identified during the manure agitation and mixing process at the swine manure storage facilities (6.9-19.5 ppm). At the poultry manure-handling facilities, the ammonia concentration was higher during the manure-handling processes (2.6-57.9 ppm), and very low hydrogen sulfide concentrations (0-3.4 ppm) were detected. The air temperature and relative humidity, volume of the facility, duration of manure storage, and the number of animals influenced the gas concentrations. Conclusion: A high level of hazardous gases was generated during manure handling, and some levels increased up to risk levels that can threaten workers' health and safety. Some of the farm operational factors were also found to influence the gas levels. By controlling and improving these factors, it would be possible to protect workers' safety and health from occupational risks.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2016

Background: Planting vigorous cuttings that quickly develop shoots and roots is essential to the biological and economic success of producing medicinal flowers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and duration on seedling capacity in the propagation of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and to investigate the effect of rooting media on the growth of C. indicum L. after cutting. Methods and Results: Returning cuttings to supplemental cold storage ($2.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) may extend duration of cutting viability 6 weeks, returning cuttings to supplemental warm storage ($25.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) is not recommended. The treatment of the growing media experiments, which were conducted in the 2014 planting seasons, included sawdust, river sand, topsoil + sawdust, topsoil + poultry manure, sawdust + river sand, river sand + poultry manure, topsoil + river sand + poultry manure, topsoil + poultry manure + river sand + sawdust. Result indicated that the topsoil + poultry manure media performed best and supported the highest number of branches (3.47), branch length (26.39), and number of leaves (88.63). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that cold storage and the topsoil + poultry manure growth media was superior in supporting the early establishment of C. indicum cutting, this result will have a tremendous influence on propagation of this species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 계분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량을 조사하였고, 재료 및 방법에 기술한 방법에 준하여 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 분석하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 계분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 계분 처리 시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 계분 처리 시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 계분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 유묘의 생장과 건중량에서도 1.0%처리구에서 가장 컸다. 3. 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 계분 처리 1.0%처리구에서 대부분 높았으며 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 계분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2021

시설재배지에서 토양 양분으로 유기농업자재인 가축분 종류별 퇴비를 밑거름으로 처리한 후 발생하는 N₂O와 딸기의 생육 특성을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 가축분퇴비는 돈분과 우분, 계분을 원료로 하여 각각 만들어진 제품을 사용하였고, 딸기 표준시비량의 질소를 기준으로 단독 그리고 혼합 처리하였다. N₂O의 총배출량은 무기질비료 처리구와 비교하여 계분퇴비 처리구에서 10.7% 많았으나 다른 가축분퇴비 처리구에서는 16.5~41.9% 적게 배출되었다. N₂O가 주로 배출되는 기간은 비료살포 후 17일차까지로 전체 배출량의 70~87%를 차지하였고, 이후 158일간 13~30%가 발생하였다. N₂O 배출량은 토양의 NH₄⁺-N 함량과 부의 상관성을 나타내었다. 딸기의 생육 중 엽수, 엽폭, 관부직경은 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 엽장은 무기질비료 처리구보다 가축분퇴비 처리구에서 컸으며, SPAD 값은 우분퇴비와 계분퇴비를 혼합하여 시용한 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 딸기 과실의 무게와 당도는 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2006

재는 가축분을 중성화 시키며 토양에 산포하면 악취를 저감시키는 역할을 하며 하천에서 P의 양을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 재의 특성과 이들의 첨가가 가져올 환경적인 이용에 관해서 언급하였다. 재는 아직도 물리적 화학적으로 일정한 정의가 없다 (석탄재-CFA, 목재재-WA, 왕겨재-RHA). 이들 재를 형성하고 있는 조건과 조성에 따라 산도는 6.0이하 그리고 12.5이상까지 이른다. CFA를 분중에 첨가하면 분중에 녹아있는 P의 양이 감소되어 토양에 산포하면 수질을 향상시킨다. WA는 WA 자체에 많은 탄소 원자를 갖고 있기 때문에 분에서 발생하는 냄새를 제거할 수 있다. RHA는 재중에 $20{\sim}60%$ 가량이 실리카이다. 현재까지 CFA, WA 그리고 RHA를 토양에 산포하여 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 많이 되어 있으므로 앞으로 가축분에 첨가하면 분중의 P과 악취를 낮출 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seeding methods and rates on the growth characteristics, forage yield and nutritive value of sorghum X sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Pioneer 988) grown under application of animal manure in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 40MT in cattle manure, 30MTha in swine and poultry manure. The methods and rates of seeding treated in this study were drill of 30kg, and broadcast of 30, 60 and 100kgha of seeding rates. The plant height was 180cm, 191cm and 204cm in cattle, swine and poultry manure, respectively. Plant height in the plot of drill was higher by about 15cm than those of broadcast plots. The dry matter(DM) yield was 7.73, 8.87 and 9.80MTha in cattle, swine and poultry manure, respectively. A significant higher forage yield was produced in the plot of drill, compared with broadcast(Pc0.05). DM yields in broadcast of 60kg and lOOkg of seeding rates were higher than that of 30kg of seeding rate of broadcast. However, no significant difference in forage yield was found between 60kg and IOOkg of seeding rates. The average DM yield was 11.16, 6.94, 8.26 and 8.83MTIha in drill(30kg), broadcast 30, 60 and 100kgIMT of seeding rates, respectively. The nutritive value of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid was very similar among treatments. The crude protein yields were 1,010kg in cattle manure, 1,180kg in swine manure, and 1,592kg in poultry manure. The protein yield was significantly high in the plot of drill. In conclusion, seeding by drill was recommended for forage production and protein yield of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid, and proper seeding rates were 30kg in drill and 60kg in broadcast. (Key words : Sorghumxsudangrass hybrid, Seeding rate, Seeding method, Forage yield, Nutritive value, Animal manure)

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2003

표고 750 m인 고랭지 사질양토에서 계분퇴비(N 2.0%, $P_2O_5$ 3.5%)를 $6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용한 조건에서 여름배추에 대한 질소 시비 추천모델의 설정과 추천모델에 의한 질소 비료의 절감량을 구명하기 위하여 질소 시비수준을 달리하여 포장시험을 수행하였다. 계분퇴비 시용 시 최고수량 생산을 위한 질소 최고시비량은 $291kg\;ha^{-1}$이었으며 안전한 적정 질소시비량은 $174kg\;ha^{-1}$로 나타났다. 이러한 질소 시비수준은 계분퇴비 무시용 시의 최고시비량인 $335kg\;ha^{-1}$에 비하여 각각 0.87 및 0.60배에 해당한다. 산출된 시비배율을 현행 평난지 조건의 시비추천식에 대입하여 고랭지조건에 적합한 새로운 시비추천식을 도출해 낼 수 있었다. 고랭지 배추재배지의 평균 유기물 함량인 $33g\;kg^{-1}$을 적용해 보면, 계분퇴비 시용 시 질소 시비량은 최고 $215kg\;ha^{-1}$, 최저 $129kg\;ha^{-1}$로 현행 시비량에 비해 최고 59.7%, 최저 32.8%의 절감이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 계분퇴비 시용 시 최고수량을 생산한 질소 시비구에서는 계분퇴비 무시용구에 비하여 결구기와 수확기 토양의 유효인산 함량과 수확기 배추 경엽의 질소, 인산 및 칼리 함량과 이들의 흡수량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 질소 이용률을 10% 이상 높일 수 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the manufacturing characteristics of organic liquid fertilizer with poultry manure, soybean meal, and rice bran at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Treatment was given 3 treatments; poultry manure+soybean meal (PM+SM), poultry manure+rice bran (PM+RB), and soybean meal+rice bran (SM+RB). The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The pH in liquid fertilizer was consistently increased in PM+SM treatment, and was increased after decreased at early season in PM+RB and SM+RB treatments. The electriacl conductivity(EC) in liquid fertilizer was rapidly increased from $2^{nd}$ weeks to $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in PM+SM and PM+RB treatments, and was rapidly increased from $4^{th}$ weeks to 6th weeks after fermentation in SM+RB treatment. The amount of $H_2S$ gas occurrence was the highest as $1,200\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in early season, and was the lowest as $50\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at $12^{th}$ weeks after fermentation of organic liquid fertilizer. The temperature of organic liquid fertilizer was stabilizing in $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation. The yield of well of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium was increased with increasing fermentation periods. It was not change from $4^{th}$ weeks after fermentation in content of calcium, magnesium and sodium in organic liquid fertilizer.