• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

Purpose: Many authors reported about the posttraumatic nasal aesthetic complications. However, the studies for functional or intranasal complications are not enough yet. We identified relatively high prevalence of nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction in nasal synechiae, and the synechiae formation was a frequently occurred after the nasal bone reduction. And then, the aim of this study is to identify the usefulness of the treatment of intranasal synechiae. Methods: We reviewed the data from 10 patients with symptomatic intranasal synechiae from June 2007 to June 2009. We enforced evaluation with preoperative CT in all patients but postoperative CT within complicated patients. We studied 10 patients with intranasal synechiae who had persistence postoperative symptoms. We studied the patients who were operated by removal of synechiae and ancillary surgical treatments in the last two years. Results: In the previous report, the incidence of intranasal synechiae was 15% (n=62) and symptomatic synechiae was 16% (10/62). We classified the nasal bone fracture according to Stranc classification. In this paper, the incidence of treated intranasal synechiae was 13% (2/15) in Frontal Impact (FI) Type I, 11% (2/18) in FI Type II, 100% (2/2) in FI Type III, 0% (0/2) in Lateral Impact (LI) Type I, 25% (3/12) in LI Type II, and 33% (1/3) in LI Type III, respectively. After removal of synechiae, all patients improved nasal obstruction and little improved olfactory disturbance. Conclusion: Simple removal of synechiae by scissors improved postoperative symptoms and complications such as nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction. After removal of synechiae, all patients improved nasal obstruction, however, little improved anosmia. So, we thought that olfactory dysfunction may result in many intranasal factors. First of all, education of delicate procedure regarding this subject should be empathized accordingly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.608-623
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined biofeedback and brief emotion regulation (C-BABER) program for sexually abused adolescents. Methods: This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants included 26 sexually abused adolescents from eight Sunflower Centers of South Korea-with 13 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The experimental group received four sessions of the individual C-BABER program, each lasting 60 minutes. Results: Compared with the control group, sexually abused adolescents in the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in traumatic symptoms, including depression (Z = - 2.24, p = .025), dissociation (Z = - 2.21, p = .027), anxiety (Z = - 2.02, p = .044), and posttraumatic stress (Z = - 2.01 p = .045); and impulsivity, including positive urgency (Z = - 3.35, p = .001) and negative urgency (Z = - 2.28, p = .023). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in meta-mood, including emotional attention (Z = - 2.45, p = .014), emotional clarity (Z = - 2.30, p = .021), and emotional repair (Z = - 2.28, p = .022); and emotional regulation modes, including emotional suppression (Z = - 2.65, p = .008) and cognitive reappraisal (Z = - 1.98, p = .047). Regarding bio-attention, significant changes were identified in the experimental group for the bio-attention rate and attention maintenance time in the posttest compared to the pretest (p = .001). Conclusion: The C-BABER program for sexually abused adolescents is effective in decreasing traumatic symptoms and impulsivity, and in improving meta-mood, emotional regulation mode, and bio-attention. Therefore, we recommend providing sexually abused adolescents the C-BABER program to help them regulate their emotions and effectively adapt to their lives.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1389-1395
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• 2000

A case report of a post-traumatic syringomyelia in a 29-year old male, developed 15 years after an L1 burst fracture, is presented. On preoperative MRI, the syrinx extended cephalad above the fracture site through the whole thoracic and cervical cord. Serial myelo-CT was performed to evaluate the dynamics of CSF. It was managed by lysis of the arachnoid adhesions, syringosubarachnoid shunt, and expansile duraplasty. After surgery, the patient's symptoms improved, and marked decrease of the syrinx was seen on postoperative MRI. The pathophysiology, the role of preoperative diagnostic methods especially serial myelo-CT, and the contmporary management modalities for posttraumatic syringomyelia is reviewed along with the pertinent literature.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2013

A cerebral fat embolism is an uncommon but serious complication of long bone fracture. It can be fatal, and early detection is not easy. Neurologic symptoms are variable, and the clinical diagnosis is difficult. The pathogenesis remains controversial, and several theories have been proposed. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect a cerebral fat embolism with a higher sensitivity than cerebral computed tomography. We report a case of a posttraumatic cerebral fat embolism without pulmonary involvement and review the existing literature.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.549-553
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• 2022

Chylothorax is a rare disease and massive lymph fluid loss can cause life-threatening condition such as severe malnutrition, weight loss, and impaired immune system. If untreated, mortality rate of chylothorax can be up to 50%. This is a case report of a 3-year-old child with iatrogenic chylothorax. Despite conservative treatment and procedures, like perm catheter insertion, the patient failed to improve the respiratory symptoms over 3 months of period. As an alternative to surgical option, such as pleurodesis and thoracic duct ligation which has high complication rate, the patient underwent lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and lymph node to vein anastomosis (LNVA). Follow-up at fourth month showed clear lungs without breathing difficulty despite perm catheter removal. This is the first report to show the effectiveness of LVA and LNVA against iatrogenic chylothorax.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Objectives : Trauma patients have attentional bias which enforces traumatic memories and causes cognitive errors. Understanding of such selective attention may explain many aspects of the posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms. Methods : We used the rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP) method to verify attentional blink in burn patients with PTSD. International affective picture system(IAPS) was used as stimuli and distracters. In the 'neutral test', patients have been presented series of pictures with human face picture as target stimuli. Each picture had 100ms interval. However the distance between target facial pictures was randomized and recognition of second facial picture accuracy was measured. In the 'stress test', the first target was stress picture which arouses patient emotions instead of the facial picture. Neutral and Stress tests were done with seven PTSD patients and 20 controls. In '85ms test' the interval was reduced to 85ms. The accuracy of recognition of second target facial picture was rated in all three tests. Eighty-five ms study was done with eighteen PTSD patients. Results : Attentional blinks were observed in 100-400ms of RSVP. PTSD patients showed increased recognition rate in the 'stress test' compared with the 'neutral test'. When presentation interval was decreased to 85 ms, PTSD patient showed decrease of attentional blink effect when target facial picture interval was 170ms. Conclusion : We found attentional blink effect could be affected by stress stimulus in burn patients. And attentional blink may be affected by stimulus interval and the character of stimulus. There may be some other specific mechanism related with selective attention in attentional blink especially with facial picture processing.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2012

Objective : We investigated whether Posttraumatic stress disorder patients have a higher tendency to exaggerate the extent of their psychological symptoms compared to other psychiatric patients. Methods : Medical records of patients, who had received psychiatric treatment at four university hospitals in Korea between January 2009 and December 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. We compared a group of 37 patients diagnosed with PTSD, and another group of 41 patients diagnosed with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders according to the ICD-10. To compare the extent of malingering in the two groups, we compared the validity scales of MMPI-2 and Personality Assessment Inventory. We determined the number of participants in both groups feigning their responses by using various cutoff scores of the validity indicators. Results : The PTSD group showed significantly higher scores on the F (p=0.001), F (B)(p=0.000), F (P)(p=0.030), F-K (p=0.003) scale of the MMPI-2 compared to the other group of psychiatric patients. The PTSD group had a significantly higher NIM score (p=0.001) but a lower PIM score (p=0.020) of the PAI compared to the other group of psychiatric patients. Using the cutoff scores, the PTSD group showed a significantly higher number of patients who feigned responses compared to the other group ($Fb{\geq}75$ (p=0.010), $F-K{\geq}1$ (p=0.005), $F-K{\geq}10$ (p=0.011) from the MMPI-2, and $NIM{\geq}80$ (p=0.001) from the PAI). Conclusion : These results suggest that PTSD patients have a tendency to exaggerate their symptom. This group of patients overreported the severity of their condition during standardized personality assessment that included the MMPI-2 or PAI compared to patients diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Additional research is required to determine the factors influencing symptom exaggeration in PTSD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Objectives : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global medical crisis imposing particular burden on public sector employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric distress among public sector workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study with 531 public sector workers in Gwangmyung city who completed Korean versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean (IES-R-K). Results : The results revealed more than moderate levels of stress (85.2%), depressive symptoms (22.2%), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (38.8%). PSS total score was significantly correlated with PHQ-9, IES-R-K total scores as well as IES-R-K subscale scores. Total scores on the PSS, PHQ-9, and IES-R-K were all inversely correlated with age. Conclusions : COVID-19-related workers experience considerable stress and depressive symptoms, with self-rated stress correlating significantly with depression scores. Age may serve as a protective factor against occupational stress and burnout. These findings highlight the need for adequate psychiatric screening and intervention for public sector workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

This study not only investigates emergency medical personnel's posttraumatic stress(PTS), social support, work burden, and coping style but also identifies related factors which were exerted influence on PTS and active coping method of emergency medical personnels among the firefighters. The data were gathered from 143 emergency medical personnels who were receiving training. The data were collected by IES-R, consisting of twenty-two questions that determine the level of PTS, method used in Cho's research(2000) that deal with work burden, method used in Oh's article (2006) relating to social support, and sixty-two questions that deals with coping methods. Then the data gathered were analyzed using SPSSWIN 14.0 program. PTS of general characteristics showed significant difference in age, marriage status, education, and position. High risk group of PTS was 74(51.7%). Work burden, active and passive coping method, and three symptoms in PTS are significantly high(p=0.000) in high risk group. PTS was correlated with work burden(r=0.508, p=0.000), active coping method(r=0.375, p=0.000), and passive coping method(r=0.505, p=0.000) but not with social support. Related factors of PTS were work burden(0.371) and passive coping method(0.366). Also related factors of high risk group of PTS were work burden(odds ratio=1.064, 95% confidence interval:1.031-1.103) and passive coping(odds ratio=1.050, 95% confidence interval:1.022-1.080). Related factors of active coping method were PTS(0.392) and social support(0.158). To minimize the PTS of emergency medical personnels, the new policy should decrease their work burden and passive coping method and strengthen the social support to encourage active coping method.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2014

Objective : Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory rheumatic disease mainly affecting the axial skeleton. The rigid spine may secondarily develop osteoporosis, further increasing the risk of spinal fracture. In this study, we reviewed fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis that had been clinically diagnosed to better define the mechanism of injury, associated neurological deficit, predisposing factors, and management strategies. Methods : Between January 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients with 13 fractures with neurological complications were treated. Neuroimaging evaluation was obtained in all patients by using plain radiography, CT scan, and MR imaging. The ASIA Impairment Scale was used in order to evaluate the neurologic status of the patients. Management was based on the presence or absence of spinal instability. Results : A total of 9 cervical and 4 thoracolumbar fractures were identified in a review of patients in whom ankylosing spondylitis had been diagnosed. Of these, 7 fractures were associated with a hyperextension mechanism. 10 cases resulted in a fracture by minor trauma. Posttraumatic neurological deficits were demonstrated in 11 cases and neurological improvement after surgery was observed in 5 of these cases. Conclusions : Patients with ankylosing spondylitis are highly susceptible to spinal fracture and spinal cord injury even after only mild trauma. Initial CT or MR imaging of the whole spine is recommended even if the patient's symptoms are mild. The patient should also have early surgical stabilization to correct spinal deformity and avoid worsening of the patient's neurological status.