• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2010

Tight control of blood glucose is the most important strategy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Welsh onion on fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibitory activities of hot water extracts from the green stalk and white bulb, which are the edible portions of the Welsh onion, and the fibrous root extract against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were measured in vitro. To study the effects of Welsh onion on postprandial hyperglycemia, a starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) or acarbose (50 mg/kg) was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the hypoglycemic effects of chronic feeding of Welsh onion, five-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing either Welsh onion fibrous root extract at 0.5% or acarbose at 0.05% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Compared to the extract from the edible portions of Welsh onion, the fibrous root extract showed stronger inhibition against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, with an $IC_{50}$ of 239 ${\mu}g/mL$. Oral administration of Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) and acarbose (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental plasma glucose levels 30-120 min after oral ingestion of starch as well as the area under the postprandial glucose response curve, compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the Welsh onion group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and were not significantly different from those fed acarbose. Thus, we conclude that the fibrous root of Welsh onion is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the treatment of diabetes mellitus is the attainment of glycemic control. Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress which contributes to the progression of diabetic complications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Daraesoon (Actinidia arguta shoot) in animal models of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received an oral administration of a starch solution (1 g/kg) either with or without a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) after an overnight fast and their postprandial blood glucose levels were measured. Five-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a basal or high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with or without Daraesoon extract (0.4%) or acarbose (0.04%) for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation to determine the effects of the chronic consumption of Daraesoon on fasting hyperglycemia and antioxidant status. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, rats that received Daraesoon extract (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in the area under the postprandial glucose response curve after the oral ingestion of starch. Additionally, the long-term consumption of Daraesoon extract or acarbose significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin levels as well as small intestinal maltase activity in HFHS-fed mice. Furthermore, the consumption of Daraesoon extract significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased glutathione levels in the livers of HFHS-fed mice compared to HFHS-fed mice that did not ingest Daraesoon. CONCLUSIONS: Daraesoon effectively suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia via the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Chronic consumption of Daraesoon alleviated fasting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2002년도 창립 10주년 기념 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Rice(Oryza stiva L.) is a major cereal food providing nourishment to over half of the world's populations and was considered only as a source of energy. However, The recent many researches have been made to suggest that rice may relate to prevention chronic disease and health-promoting properties such as postprandial glucose response, hypocholesterolemic effect and blood pressure-lowering effect. There has been numerous observation supporting that rice has hypocholesterolemic effect. Rice, rice bran, rice bran oil and unsaponifiable matter of rice bran oil reduced plasma cholesterol in rat, hamster as well as human. Components of rice showing hypocholesterolemic effect include dietary fiber(hemicellulose, phytic acid). protein, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, $\beta$-sitosterol, and tocotrienols. Crapo et al has been studied that the effect of various of starchy foods on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy and diabetic humans. The results showed that rice had lower blood glucose and insulin responses compared to potato, bread and dextrose. The different physical forms in the same starch also produce the different postprandial glucose and insulin responses. In recent years, several studies have shown that some components of rice have potent antioxidant activity against Fe$^{2+}$ -ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes. Cell culture and animal studies have shown that some components of rice have inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of several types of human cancer cell. It was also reported that the methanol extract of brown rice has antimutagenic activity against various mutagens. In addition, the pepsine hydrolysate from rice protein is reported to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme activity. GABA (${\gamma}$ - aminobutyric acid) and GABA enriched rice germ is also effective for lowering blood pressure and triglyceride levels.s.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) to food items, and glycemic load (GL) is a measure of the PPGR to the diet. For those who need to maintain a healthy diet, it is beneficial to regulate appropriate levels of blood glucose. In reality, what influences the meal GI or GL depends on the macronutrient composition and the physical chemistry reactions in vivo. Thus, we investigated whether different macronutrients in a meal significantly affect the PPGR and the validity of calculated GI and GL values for mixed meals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 12 healthy subjects (6 male, 6 female) were recruited at a campus setting, and subjects consumed a total of 6 test meals one by one, each morning between 8:00 and 8:30 am after 12 h of fasting. PPGR was measured after each consumed meal and serial finger pricks were performed at indicated times. Test meals included 1) 68 g oral glucose, 2) 210 g rice, 3) rice plus 170 g egg white (RE), 4) rice plus 200 g bean sprouts (RS), 5) rice plus 10 g oil (RO), and 6) rice plus, egg white, bean sprouts, and oil (RESO). The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated to assess the PPGR. Mixed meal GI and GL values were calculated based on the nutrients the subjects consumed in each of the test meals. RESULTS: The iAUC for all meals containing two macronutrients (RS, RO, or RE) were not significantly different from the rice iAUC, whereas, the RESO iAUC ($2,237.5{\pm}264.9$) was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The RESO meal's calculated GI and GL values were different from the actual GI and GL values measured from the study subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mixed meal containing three macronutrients (RESO) decreased the PPGR in healthy individuals, leading to significantly lower actual GI and GL values than those derived by nutrient-based calculations. Thus, consuming various macronutrient containing meals is beneficial in regulating PPGR.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

본 연구는 8주 동안 건강한 성인 남녀 11명을 대상으로 자일로바이오스 함유 비율이 다른 설탕 3종의 혈당 반응 및 GI 분석을 통해 혈당 저감 효과를 확인하였다. XB 7 (자일로바이오스 7% 함유 설탕), XB 10 (자일로바이오스 10% 함유 설탕), XB 14 (자일로바이오스 14% 함유 설탕)은 표준식품 (포도당)에 비해 섭취 후 최대 혈당 상승값이 유의적으로 낮았다. XB 7, XB 10 및 XB 14의 GI는 각각 57.0, 53.6, 49.7로 나타나 XB 7은 중GI 식품으로, XB 10, XB 14는 저GI 식품으로 분류되었고, 순수한 설탕의 GI 68에 비해 낮았다. AUC는 30~90분 사이에서 표준식품 (포도당)에 비해 비교식품 (XB 7, XB 10, XB 14)에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 따라서 자일로바이오스를 함유한 설탕은 혈당상승을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 자일로바이오스 7% 함유보다는 자일로바이오스 10% 이상 함유 시 기능성 설탕으로의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

건강한 지원자를 대상으로 전기압력밥솥으로 조리한 수원464 백미와 일반쌀 백미를 섭취시켜 혈당과 인슐린의 반응을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식후 60분 후에서 수원464 백미섭취군의 혈당이 일반쌀 백미섭취군에 비해 유의성 있게 더 감소하였다 (p<0.01). 2. 실험 당질에 대한 혈당반응면적 (Area Under the Curve : AUC)은 수원464 백미군이 일반쌀 백미군에 비해 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 3. 혈청 인슐린치는 혈당반응과 유사한 패턴을 보였으며 식후 120분에서 수원464 백미군의 인슐린치가 일반쌀 백미군의 인슐린치보다 유의성 있게 더 낮았다 (p<0.05). 4. 일반쌀 백미의 혈당지수 (glycemic Index : GI)를 100%로 하였을 때 수원464 백미의 혈당지수는 64.5%로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5. 수원464 백미의 혈당지수는 문헌상으로 조사된 일반쌀 현미의 혈당지수인 90%에 비해서도 현저하게 낮았다. 이상의 임상시험을 통하여 일반쌀에 비하여 식이섬유 함량이 높은 수원464는 혈당지수가 매우 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌으며 수원464백미는 문헌상으로 조사된 일반쌀 현미의 혈당지수 보다도 낮음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1997

식이섬유에 5주간 적응된 횐쥐 (S.D., male)를 14시간 절식시킨 뒤 총 에너지의 50%가 되는 고지방식이를 급여하고 4시간 뒤의 혈장 지질 농도와 소화효소활성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혈장과 지단백의 콜레스테롤 함량은 sodium alginate군에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈장 중성지방 함량은 식이군간에 차이가 없었으나 LDL-중성지방은 sodium alginate군에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). HDL-중성지방 함량은 식이섬유 군에서 높았다 (p<0.05). 소장 apolipoprotein B는 무섬 유식이군과 cellulose군에 비해 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 소장 내용물에서의 amylase활성은 각 식이군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 식이 섬유 첨가군에서 다소 높았으며, lipase 활성은 무섬유 식이군과 cellulose군에 비해 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 소장내용물에서 pretense 활성과 담즙산 함량은 식이군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 단백질 함량은 무섬유 식이군에 비해 식이섬유 첨가군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 장기간의 식이 섬유 섭취는 식이섬유가 배제된 고지방식 후에도 혈장 콜레스테롤 농도를 낮추는 효과가 있으나, 혈장 중성지방 농도는 식이 섬유가 함유된 식이에 비해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2005

일반식사, 고당질식사, 고단백식사 및 고지방식사가 DIT에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 건강한 성인 여성에게 각각 동량의 에너지를 급식시켰을 때 에너지 소모량과 혈액중 포도당, 지질 및 인슐린 함량변동을 3시간 동안 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 고당질식사, 고단백식사, 고지방식사 및 일반식사의 섭취에 따른 혈당의 $\delta$-AUC 값은 각각 301.9$\pm$64.4 mg/dL, 63.8$\pm$ 14.4 mg/dL, 22.3$\pm$8.3 mg/dL, 153.4$\pm$ 19.8 mg/dL로 고당질식사가 가장 높았고, 고지방식사에서 가장 낮았다. 혈중 인슐린의 $\delta$-AUC 값은 고당질식사와 고단백식사에서 314.1$\pm$45.3 $\mu$IU/mL 및 165.3$\pm$ 23.8$mu$IU/mL이었고, 고지방식사와 일반식사에서 각각 102.4$\pm$11.4 $\mu$IU/mL 및 244.5$\pm$24.4$mu$IU/mL이었으며 고당질식사가 가장 높았고, 고지방식사에서 가장 낮았다. 혈중 중성지방의 $\delta$-AUC 값은 고당질식사, 고단백식사, 고지방식사 및 일반식사에서 각각 -4.7$\pm$21.5 mg/dL, 44.3$\pm$13.9 mg/dL, 120.4$\pm$44.7 mg/dL, 50.5$\pm$48.5 mg/dL로 고지방식사가 가장 높았고, 고당질식사에서 가장 낮았다. 섭취한 열량에 대한 DIT의 비율은 일반식사의 경우8.7$\pm$2.0$\%$였으며, 고당질식사와 고단백식사 및 고지방식사에서 각각 10.4$\pm$1.3$\%$, 12.9$\pm$0.5$\%$, 6.9$\pm$1.2$\%$로, 고단백식사가 고지방식사에 비해 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 DIT가 인슐린 및 제지방량과 상관성을 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

본 연구는 자일로올리고당을 설탕에 적용하여 임상시험을 통해 자일로올리고당 첨가량에 따른 설탕의 GI 저감효과와 혈당저감효과를 확인하였다. 건강한 성인 남녀 11명를 대상으로 표준식품인 포도당과 비교하여 분말 자일로올리고당을 14% 함유한 Xylo 14과 분말 자일로올리고당을 20% 함유한 Xylo 20을 섭취 후 표준식품과 비교식품의 IAUC를 통해 GI를 산출한 결과 Xylo 14는 $60.0{\pm}23.5$로 Medium GI 식품으로 나타났으며, Xylo 20은 $54.3{\pm}17.7$로 Low GI 식품으로 나타났다. 순수한 설탕의 GI 68과 비교하면 각각 11.8%와 20.1% 혈당상승 저감효과를 나타낼 수 있었다. AUC는 15~90분까지 모든 구간에서 유의적인 차이 (p < 0.05)를 나타내었다. 따라서 Xylo 14와 Xylo 20은 혈당 저감효과를 나타냄과 동시에 7~10 g 이상 섭취하면 자일로올리고당의 1일 유효섭취량도 만족시킬 수 있으므로 기능성 설탕으로서의 활용이 기대된다.