• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1142-1145
• /
• 1996

Long term-storage of citrus oranges after harvest has been hindered mainly by molds The goal of this research was to collect and identify those molds, which would help find a way to extend shelf-life after harvest. During the period of 1994 to 1995, fourteen different strains were isolated and purified from putrefied fruit (Citrus unshiu var.) that was stored at room temperature under open air. The storage disease was caused by the following molds: Penicillium italicum, 25.8%, Monilia candida, 19.8%; Alternaria citri, 18.1%; Mucor hiemalis, 11.0%; Phomopsis citri, 6.6%; Botrytis cinerea. 5.5%; Phoma citricarpa, 3.8%; Glomerella cingulata, 3.8%; P. digitatum, 1.1%; other molds, 4.5%; Most of the strains showed pectinolytic activity and putrefaction. These citrus fruit-putrefying molds will be used as target strains for the control of microorganisms during post-harvest storage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1621-1621
• /
• 2001

The quality of sugarcane grown on the NE Australian tropical coast ($16^{\circ}$15'- $18^{\circ}$15' S Lat.) has declined markedly in the past seven years. This has been linked to dilution of mill-supply cane with increasing levels of non mature-stalk material consisting of leaves and sucker culms. The prime research objective was to examine the transition from the pre-harvest, in-field crop to harvested material sent for processing, in terms of quality and crop fraction proportions. A secondary objective was to quantify the effects of preharvest-season crop habit and culm condition on crop quality. Ten quadrat samples from each of 54 random crop sites (17 in 1999 and 37 in 2000), covering a wide range of variables (cultivar, crop class, and edaphic, topographic, climatic, and temporal factors) were collected immediately before harvest. Samples were partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound mature stalks (culms), sucker culms, and extraneous matter (leaves). Material harvested from each site was sampled and partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound billets (culm pieces), culm-spindle pieces, and leaf. In 2000, before harvest, 14 additional sites were sampled monthly, on three occasions, from March - June. Erect and non-erect culms were divided into sound and unsound classes. All samples were disintegrated and presented to a remote reflectance module of a scanning spectrophotometer using the BSES large cassette module. Near infra-red spectroscopic (NIS) analyses were developed for the rapid determination of quality components (Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), fibre, moisture, and polariscope reading). Calibrations for three material groups (culm (n = 639), non-culm (n = 496), and combined) were developed for all components using the 1999 data set. Two sub-sets (n = 178, and 190) of about 10% of the preharvest-season and harvest populations scanned in 2000 also were subjected to full routine laboratory analyses. The 1999 combined calibrations were excellent, but the culm calibrations produced consistently lower standard errors. Non-culm calibrations were marginally better than the combined for only CCS and pol. reading. Analysis of the 2000 culm data with calibrations using all 1999 and 2000 culm data resulted in better predictions relative to the 1999 culm calibrations. This also was true for the combined calibrations. Assessment of quality components in pre- and post-harvest sugarcane using NIS calibrations was more cost effective than using routine laboratory techniques. Outcomes from this NIS-facilitated research will have important economic consequences for the Australian sugarcane industry. Potential CCS present in mature culms is being discounted by dilution with leaves and sucker culms, threatening farm viability. The results question the efficacy of current harvesting technology. The CCS of harvested cane is improved only marginally over that of the in-field crop. Current harvesting technology requires either supplementary, innovative pre-mill processing or a design revolution to improve mill-supply cane quality, and therefore whole of industry economics. NIS-facilitated analyses, before the harvest season, highlighted the benefits of growing erect, sound crops. Loss of CCS then, can be minimized only by a combination of crop improvement and agronomic solutions, applied as part of sound on-farm management.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.spc1
• /
• pp.104-107
• /
• 2005

This survey was conducted to know the post-harvest bulk treatment system for barley, The tendency of barley-bulk treatment in 4 RPC was gradually increased up to 4,458 ton in 2001, but after that time, the amounts was decreased 1,0731on in 2003. There was the big difference on the circulated and the continued systems that was the kinds of drying system they use. The barleys, the harvest and the conveyance method was different on RPCs. Naked barley was only treated, and $90\%$ barley was harvested by the consignment in J RPC, otherwise unhulled barley was treated, and there did not used the consignment in S RPC. Small and mulit combine was used to harvest, and the ratio of bulk was up to $90\%$ in J RPC, but small combine was only used and ratio of bulk was at most $5\%$ in S RPC. It was sell by 1kg in polished and 40kg unpolished barley around year in J RPC, but it was sell by bulk to september in S RPC.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 2016

Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) was applied to examine microbial safety and qualities of commercial Sunsik. APP was generated in a square-shaped plastic container (250 W, 15 kHz, ambient air) and dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment was applied for periods of 0, 5, 10, and 20 minutes. The total aerobic bacterial count in the control was 4.44 log CFU/g. Under plasma treatment for 20 minutes, Sunsik samples inoculated with Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 resulted in a reduction of bacterial counts by approximately 2.20, 2.22, and 2.52 log CFU/g, respectively. The pH of the sample was found to decrease after APP treatment. Although hunter color $L^*$ of Sunsik increased, $a^*$ and $b^*$ value decreased as a result of APP. Increasing the APP time also enhanced the peroxide value. Further, sensory evaluation revealed that APP decreased color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability. The results of this study indicated that APP treatment improved the microbial quality of Sunsik, although further studies should be conducted to reduce the deterioration of sensory quality induced by APP.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2016

We investigated the physicochemical properties and starch structure of various rice varieties including 15 colored cultivars. NKHC showed the highest level of protein, lipid, and total dietary fiber levels. Reddish brown rice showed higher lipid content than that in black rice cultivars. Apparent amylose content of waxy and non-waxy colored rice varieties was within the range of 3~5% and 15~18%, respectively. IP exhibited the highest total starch (TS) content, whereas, NKHC and HJJ showed lower TS content than that in other cultivars. Pasting temperature of all colored rice cultivars, except IP, was about $68^{\circ}C$. Peak viscosity of IP, JJJ, Hong, and GGHM showed high values of 138, 130, 128, and 124, respectively. All the colored rice cultivars presented A-type X-ray diffraction pattern and polygonal shapes of starch granules were observed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Major groups of amylopectin chain lengths were B (12 < DP ${\leq}$ 24) and A (DP ${\leq}$ 12). SMHC showed the highest B chain content and the lowest A chain content (P < 0.05). These experimental results provided useful information for scientists and the food industry regarding colored rice starches.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.249-257
• /
• 2015

The purposes of this study were to develop a small scale post-harvest facility, and consequently to evaluate the effects of applying the facility along with hygiene education on the level of microbial safety in Korean leeks production. A total of 135 samples were collected at three Korean leeks farms in Yangju, Gyeonggi province. Food safety indicators (Aerobic plate count (APC), coliform count, and Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus) on/in the samples were assessed. The microbial load measured as APC with harvesting tools such as comb, chopping board, and knife, at the farms where the small scale post-harvest facility had been operated (Farms A and B) was lower than that at another farm having no post-harvest facility (Farm C) by 1.44~2.33 log CFU / $100cm^2$. Moreover, the chopping board from Farm C was observed being contaminated with B. cereus at 6.03 log CFU / $100cm^2$. The coliform counts from the samples increased by 0.57~1.89 log CFU/g after leeks was submerged in ground water for washing. E. coli was recovered from leeks, soil, and the ground water used in the washing process, while no E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes was detected. Our results indicated that the small scale post-harvest facility developed in this study as well as the hygiene education played an important role in enhancing the level of microbial food safety in the leeks production environment. However, a disinfection technique could be needed during the washing step in order to prevent a potential contamination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.1488-1495
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest storage duration and wheat variety on the digestibility and energy content of new season wheat fed to finishing pigs. Two wheat varieties (Shi and Zhong) were harvested in 2013 and stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experimental Base at China Agricultural University for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo. For each storage period, 12 barrows were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to diets containing 1 of the 2 wheat varieties in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 97.34% wheat and 2.66% of a vitamin and trace mineral premix. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of the wheat decreased by 2.0% and 12.01%, respectively, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content increased by 30.26%, 19.08%, and 2.46%, respectively. Total non-starch polysaccharide, total arabinose, total xylose and total mannose contents decreased by 46.27%, 45.80%, 41.71%, and 75.66%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition between the two wheat varieties with the exception of ADF which was approximately 13.37% lower in Shi. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content and the apparent total tract digestibility of GE, CP, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ADF and metabolizability of energy in wheat decreased linearly (p<0.01) by 5.74%, 7.60%, 3.75%, 3.88%, 3.50%, 2.47%, 26.22%, 27.62%, and 3.94%, respectively. But the digestibility of NDF changed quadratically (p<0.01). There was an interaction between wheat variety and storage time for CP digestibility (p<0.05), such that the CP digestibility of variety Zhong was stable during 9 mo of storage, while the CP digestibility of variety Shi decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GE, DE, and ME of wheat was stable during the first 3 to 6 mo of post-harvest storage, and decreased during the following 6 to 12 mo of storage under the conditions of this study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 1981

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest drying method and subsquent storage condition on the quality of garlic bulbs for 10 months from July, 1980 to April, 1981. The 27% weight loss of garlic bulbs by HPHD (hot air post-harvest frying) for 12 days at $40^{\circ}C$ (8hrs/day) was equal to that by NPHD (conventional natural post-harvest drying) for 35 days. But the decay occured 5.5% only in NPHD. During the storage period of garlic bulbs by HPHD, their decay and weight ]oss were less 25.4% and 13.5% in ambient storage, and less 14.2% and 7.5% in low temperature storage than those of NPHD. When garlic bulbs were stored in low temperature, the weight loss and decay were less 20.0% and 22.4% in NPHD, and tess 14.0% and 9.9% in HPHD than those in ambient temperature storage. The Quality of garlic bulbs packed with 0.08mm polyethylene film stored at ambient temperature for 2 months was so poor as to be inedible because of the adverse effect of $CO_2$ and the growth of molds, but in low temperature storage for 10 months it was in good shape showing the weight loss, the decay and the sprouting 2.6%, 3.4% and 26.8%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 2007

To study the cause of the injury by continuous cropping and the countermeasure for reduction on it's injury in ginseng cultivation by the period passed since post-harvest, and previous soil management far planting, the injury by continuous cropping was investigated from 2004 to 2005 at the continuous cropping field of National Institute of crop Science in Jungpyong county, Korea. There was negative correlation between the ratio of survived root and the Period Passed since post-harvest. The ratio infected by Cylindrocapon destructans and Fusarium spp. in root was about 81${\sim}$95% at continuous cropping field that passed by 3${\sim}$4 years since post-harvest. Though the previous soil management for planting was somewhat effective to increase the ratio of survival root, but which was not effective to protect the infection of Cylindrocapon destructans and Fusarium spp. in root. There was no significant difference in reducing rotted root between management and nonmanagement. When previous soil management for planting was programed, it should be considered that Cylindrocapon destructans was detected at continuous cropping field that passed by above 10 years after harvesting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.250-253
• /
• 2002

The post harvest treatment of barley had many hard work steps, such as drying, cleaning, and packing. This is a reason why farmer doesn't like to cultivate barley. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum post harvest management of bulk-harvested barley using rice processing complex (RPC). Bulk-harvested barley was stored to 61.1% after 6pm at RPC. Grain moisture contents of bulk-harvested barley differed from storing date, farmer household, and field. Required dry hours were different with grain moistures contents. The average dry hour was 9.5 hours per 10a and dry rate was 0.89%. The proportion of impurity removed by coarse cleaning differed from grain moisture contents, as higher grain moisture content made impurity rate increase up to 38.9%. Cost of drying of bulk-harvested barley was 50won per ㎏ at above 24% of grain moisture contents, and the average dry cost was 41.25 won/㎏ and 14,400won/10a. The 62% of barley treated was stored in indoor-grain bin, and the others packed in 500 ㎏-poly con bag were stored in warehouse insulated.