• Title/Summary/Keyword: Post-closure

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Safety Assessment on the Human Intrusion Scenarios of Near Surface Disposal Facility for Low and Very Low Level Radioactive Waste (저준위 및 극저준위 방사성폐기물 표층처분시설의 인간침입 시나리오 안전평가에 대한 고찰)

  • Hong, Sung-Wook;Park, Sangho;Park, Jin Beak
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2016
  • The second-stage near surface disposal facility for low and very low level radioactive waste's permanent disposal is to be built. During the institutional control period, the inadvertent intrusion of the general public is limited. But after the institutional control period, the access to the general public is not restricted. Therefore human who has purpose of residence and resource exploration can intrude the disposal facility. In this case, radioactive effects to the intruder should be limited within regulatory dose limits. This study conducted the safety assessment of human intrusion on the second-stage surface disposal facility through drilling and post drilling scenario. Results of drilling and post drilling scenario were satisfied with regulatory dose limits. The result showed that post-drilling scenario was more significant than drilling scenario. According to the human intrusion time and behavior after the closure of the facility, dominant radionuclide contributing to the intruder was different. Sensitivity analyses on the parameters about the human behavior were also satisfied with regulatory dose limits. Especially, manual redistribution factor was the most sensitive parameter on exposure dose. A loading plan of spent filter waste and dry active waste was more effective than a loading plan of spent filter waste and other wastes for the radiological point of view. These results can be expected to provide both robustness and defense in depth for the development of safety case further.

Comparison of MBA and HPLC Post-column Oxidation Methods for the Quantification of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins

  • Yu, Hongsik;Lim, Keun Sik;Song, Ki Cheol;Lee, Ka Jeong;Lee, Mi Ae;Kim, Ji Hoe
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2013
  • The mouse bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) post-column oxidation method are different methods of quantifying paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In this study, we compared their ability to accurately quantify the toxicity levels in two types of field sample (oysters and mussels) with different toxin profiles for routine regulatory monitoring. A total of 72 samples were analyzed by both methods, 44 of which gave negative results, with readings under the limit of detection of the mouse bioassay ($40{\mu}g/100g$ saxitoxin [STX] eq). In 14 oysters, the major toxin components were gonyautoxin (GTX) 1, -2, -3, -4, -5, decarbamoylgonyautoxin-2 (dcGTX2), and decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), while 14 mussels tested positive for dcSTX, GTX2, -3, -4, -5, dcGTX2, neosaxitoxin (NEO), STX, and dcSTX. When the results obtained by both methods were compared in two matrices, a better correlation ($r^2=0.9478$) was obtained for mussels than for oysters ($r^2=0.8244$). Additional studies are therefore needed in oysters to investigate the differences in the results obtained by both methods. Importantly, some samples with toxin levels around the legal limit gave inconsistent results using HPLC-based techniques, which could have a strong economic impact due to enforced harvest area closure. It should therefore be determined if all paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins can be quantified accurately by HPLC, and if the uncertainties of the method lead to doubts regarding regulatory limits.

A Comparison of the Epidural Nalbuphine to Epidural Morphine in Post-Cesarean Section Patients (제왕절개술후 통증치료를 위해 경막외강에 투입된 Morphine과 Nalbuphine의 비교 연구)

  • Moon, Bong-Kee;Lee, Youn-Woo;Lee, Ja-Won;Yoon, Duck-Mi;Oh, Hung-Kun
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 1993
  • The clinical effects of epidural nalbuphine were compared to those of epidural morphine in sixty Cesarean delivery. They were physical status 1 or 2 by ASA classification and randomly divided into three groups. They were administered nalbuphine 5 mg(Group N5), nalbuphine 10 mg(Group N10) or morphine 3 mg(Group M3) through an indwelling epidural catheter at the time of peritoneal closure. During the first postoperative 24 hours, their analgesic effects were evaluated by visual analogue scale(0-10), respiration rates and Trieger dot test. The severity of side effects(0-2) was also evaluated. The results were as follows ; 1) The number of patients who needed additional epidural analgesics was least in group M3 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between group N5 and group N10. 2) The duration between the first and second epidural administration was ; 19.2 hours in group M3, 8.6 hours in group N10 and 5.4 hours in group N5. There was a significant difference each group (p<0.05). 3) From the fourth post operative hour, both groups receiving nalbuphine showed a higher VAS score compared to group M3(p<0.05). 4) The incidence of pruritus, nausea, vomiting and voiding difficulty were more severe in group M3 compared with the other groups. However the severity did not increase with increasing nalbuphine dosage. 5) There were no patients showing objective sedation or low respiration rate(10 times/minute). We concluded that epidural administration of nalbuphine 5 mg or 10 mg is one way of post operative pain control. Its side effects were less than epidural morphine, but it is a less convenient in the method of analgesia.

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The Effects of Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxymethylcellulose Membrane (GUARDIX-$MB^{(R)}$) Barriers on Prevention of Post-operation Peritoneal Adhesions in Dogs

  • Lee, Sang-Mook;Jang, Hwan-Soo;Bae, Jae-Sung;Kim, Jung-Eun;Jang, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.494-500
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    • 2008
  • The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (GUARDIX-$MB^{(R)}$) barriers on prevention against post-operative peritoneal adhesions. In this study, fourteen mongrel dogs were divided into two experimental groups: 0.1 % hyaluronic acid (0.1HA) group and hyaluronic acidcarboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA-CMC) group. In order to induce adhesions, the anti-mesenteric serosa of the ileum was exteriorized and then abraded in a standard manner by scraping with a scalpel blade to create homogenous petechial hemorrhagic surface over a $1\;{\times}\;1cm$ area. Solution of 0.1HA were simply coated over the abraded tissues, $1.5\;{\times}\;1.5cm$ HA-CMC membrane was placed over the abraded tissues, allowed to spread across the intra-abdominal organs before closure of the abdomen. On day 1 before and day 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after operation, venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of fibrinogen and total WBC. The adhesions were blindly assessed 3 weeks later by using a computerized tensiometer. The fibrinogen and total WBC values of two groups showed no statistical significances. The mean tensile strength (gram force, gf) of formed adhesions day 21 after surgery was $88.1\;{\pm}\;55.70gf$ in the 0.1 % HA group and $24.8\;{\pm}\;22.69gf$ in the HA-CMC group. The tensile strength values of adhesion separation HA-CMC membrane group was significantly lower than the 0.1HA group (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that HACMC membrane reduce peritoneal adhesions may be applicable to preventing post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions in dogs.

Symbolism of Fashion Art in Contemporary Art (현대 미술에 표현된 예술의상의 상징성 연구)

  • Huh Jung-Sun;Geum Key-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.55 no.7 s.98
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    • pp.156-170
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    • 2005
  • As contemporary art tends to diverge from its fixed genres and intends to appeal to the public, fashion comes to contribute to the contemporary art area, by playing an important part in the creation of artistic value of art work. Nowadays, it is not unusual to see fashion work shown in an art exhibition parallel with art work, since some artists adopt costumes as the medium of their work in order to explore various means of expression. The occurrence of philosophical, sociological theories concerning human body parallelled with the prevalence of the post-structuralist ideas and occurrence of various styles of artistic expressions of body encouraged active research and attracted social attention to body. With such background, fashion art was formed by a means of the integration of body and fashion in order to create extreme artistic expression. 1 intend to investigate a variety of trends in fashion art from the viewpoint of body space. This study developed criteria for fashion image in contemporary art. Those criteria are based on the dichotomy that divides body into inner aspects and outer aspects. According to the criteria, Firstly, the extension type of body shape includes enlargement and reduction as its sub-types. Secondly, the opening-closure type includes opening type and closure type as its sub-types. Thirdly, the intensity type categorizes clothes into uniqueness and hybridity. Dynamism type classifies fashion art into fixation and moving. The various expressions of clothes type are interpreted as a means by which we can criticize many phenomena of modern society, such as loss of humanity, isolation of individuals, loss of identity, commercialism, and materialism. In the latter period of modern society, the integration of the double-faced nature of body and spirit was attempted and popular fashion was introduced into art in order to express desire, death, gender, identity, and sexual pleasure.

En-masse retraction with a preformed nickel-titanium and stainless steel archwire assembly and temporary skeletal anchorage devices without posterior bonding

  • Jee, Jeong-Hyun;Ahn, Hyo-Won;Seo, Kyung-Won;Kim, Seong-Hun;Kook, Yoon-Ah;Chung, Kyu-Rhim;Nelson, Gerald
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.236-245
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    • 2014
  • Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a preformed assembly of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) archwires (preformed C-wire) combined with temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) as the sole source of anchorage and to compare these effects with those of a SS version of C-wire (conventional C-wire) for en-masse retraction. Methods: Thirty-one adult female patients with skeletal Class I or II dentoalveolar protrusion, mild-to-moderate anterior crowding (3.0-6.0 mm), and stable Class I posterior occlusion were divided into conventional (n = 15) and preformed (n = 16) C-wire groups. All subjects underwent first premolar extractions and en-masse retraction with preadjusted edgewise anterior brackets, the assigned C-wire, and maxillary C-tubes or C-implants; bonded mesh-tube appliances were used in the mandibular dentition. Differences in pretreatment and post-retraction measurements of skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric variables were statistically analyzed. Results: Both groups showed full retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth by controlled tipping and space closure without altered posterior occlusion. However, the preformed C-wire group had a shorter retraction period (by 3.2 months). Furthermore, the maxillary molars in this group showed no significant mesialization, mesial tipping, or extrusion; some mesialization and mesial tipping occurred in the conventional C-wire group. Conclusions: Preformed C-wires combined with maxillary TSADs enable simultaneous leveling and space closure from the beginning of the treatment without maxillary posterior bonding. This allows for faster treatment of dentoalveolar protrusion without unwanted side effects, when compared with conventional C-wire, evidencing its clinical expediency.

Successful Epithelialization Using the Buccal Fat Pad Pedicle in Stage 3 Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

  • Lee, Sangip;Jee, Yu Jin;Lee, Deok-Won
    • Journal of Korean Dental Science
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.38-42
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    • 2014
  • Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is defined as exposed necrotic bone without evidence of healing for at least 8 weeks in the maxillofacial area in a patient with history of bisphosphonate use. Obtaining complete coverage of the hard tissue by soft tissue in BRONJ patients is especially important. Therefore, managing the mucosa is one of the key factors in a successful outcome, but this is especially hard to achieve in BRONJ patients. Various applications of buccal fat pad in oral reconstruction-including the closure of surgical defects following tumor excision, repair of surgical defects following the excision of leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis, closure of primary and secondary palatal clefts, coverage of maxillary and mandibular bone grafts, and lining of sinus surface of maxillary sinus bone graft in sinus lift procedures for maxillary augmentation-have been studied. Eliminating all potential sites of infection and post-operative infection control is crucial in BRONJ. We present a case using the buccal fat pad pedicle for a stage 3 BRONJ defect. Uneventful total epithelialization of the buccal fat pad regardless of size was noted. In summary, the buccal fat pad has versatile application and various recipient sites for surgical utilization. It is an easy technique, with promising overall success rates. With careful selection and handling, buccal fat graft can resolve problems with soft tissue coverage in stage 2 or 3 BRONJ patients.

Preliminary Post-closure Safety Assessment of Disposal Options for Disused Sealed Radioactive Source (폐밀봉선원 처분방식별 폐쇄후 예비안전성평가)

  • Lee, Seunghee;Kim, Juyoul;Kim, Sukhoon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.301-314
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    • 2016
  • Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRSs) are stored temporally in the centralized storage facility of Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD) and planned to be disposed in the low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) disposal facility in Gyeongju city. In this study, preliminary post-closure safety assessment was performed for DSRSs in order to draw up an optimum disposal plan. Two types of disposal options were considered, i.e. engineered vault type disposal and rock cavern type disposal which were planned to be constructed and operated respectively in LILW disposal facility in Gyeongju city. Assessment end-point was individual effective dose of critical group and calculated by using GoldSim code. In normal scenario, the maximum dose was estimated to be approximately $1{\times}10^{-7}mSv/yr$ for both disposal options. It meant that both options had sufficient safety margin when compared with regulatory limit (0.1 mSv/yr). Otherwise, in well scenario, the maximum dose exceeded regulatory limit of 1 mSv/yr in engineered vault type disposal and the exposure dose was mainly contributed by $^{226}Ra$, $^{210}Pb$ (daughter nuclide of $^{226}Ra$) and $^{237}Np$ (daughter nuclide of $^{241}Am$). For rock cavern type disposal, even though the peak dose satisfied regulatory limit, the exposure doses by $^{14}C$ and $^{237}Np$ were relatively high above 10% of regulatory limit. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude $^{14}C$, $^{226}Ra$ and $^{241}Am$ for two type of disposal options and additional management such as long-term storage and development of disposal container for those radionuclides should be performed before permanent disposal for conservative safety and security.

A study on the effect of the magnitude of the gable bends on the tooth movement pattern during on-masse space closure in the maxillary dentition (상악전치 후방 견인시 견인 loop후방에 부여한 gable bend 양에 따른 치아이동 양상에 관한 연구)

  • Chun, Youn-Sic;Row, Joon;Jung, Sang-Hyuk;Kim, Hui-Jung
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.34 no.1 s.102
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this experimental study was to determine appropriate magnitude of the Gable bends to produce maximum retraction of the anterior teeth. The Calorific Machine was used to illustrate the tooth movement in three dimension. The experimental teeth except the first premolar were embedded in the artificial alveolar bone part. In a series of experiments, the extraction space was closed using arch wires with bull loops into which the gable bends of $10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$ degrees were incorporated. The experiments were repeated three times for each degree of the gable bend. Before and after the space closure, radiographs were taken in the sagittal and occlusal directions using occlusal films. Analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test were used to determine significant differences among the three groups. The following results were obtained. 1. As magnitudes of the gable bends increased, more bodily anterior tooth movement was seen and the distance of retraction also increased. 2. As magnitudes of the gable bends increase, the amount of posterior tooth protraction decreased while intrusive and buccal movement increased. 3. The arch was coordinated by distal-in rotation of the canine and mesial-in rotation of the second premolar adjacent to the extraction space.

Influence of wound closure on volume stability with the application of different GBR materials: an in vitro cone-beam computed tomographic study

  • Naenni, Nadja;Berner, Tanja;Waller, Tobias;Huesler, Juerg;Hammerle, Christoph Hans Franz;Thoma, Daniel Stefan
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.14-24
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To assess the influence of using different combinations of guided bone regeneration (GBR) materials on volume changes after wound closure at peri-implant dehiscence defects. Methods: In 5 pig mandibles, standardized bone defects were created and implants were centrally placed. The defects were augmented using different combinations of GBR materials: xenogeneic granulate and collagen membrane (group 1, n=10), xenogeneic granulate and alloplastic membrane (group 2, n=10), alloplastic granulates and alloplastic membrane (group 3, n=10). The horizontal thickness was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography before and after suturing. Measurements were performed at the implant shoulder (HT0) and at 1 mm (HT1) and 2mm (HT2) below. The data were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate within-group differences. Bonferroni correction was applied when calculating statistical significance between the groups. Results: The mean horizontal thickness before suturing was $2.55{\pm}0.53mm$ (group 1), $1.94{\pm}0.56mm$ (group 2), and $2.49{\pm}0.73mm$ (group 3). Post-suturing, the values were $1.47{\pm}0.31mm$ (group 1), $1.77{\pm}0.27mm$ (group 2), and $2.00{\pm}0.48mm$ (group 3). All groups demonstrated a loss of horizontal dimension. Intragroup changes exhibited significant differences in group 1 (P<0.001) and group 3 (P<0.01). Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences of the relative changes between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.033) and groups 1 and 3 (P=0.015). Conclusions: Volume change after wound closure was minimized by using an alloplastic membrane. The stability of the augmented horizontal thickness was most ensured by using this type of membrane irrespective of the bone substitute material used for membrane support.