• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

Natural killer (NK) cells play key roles in innate and adaptive immune defenses. NK cell responses are mediated by two major mechanisms: the direct cytolysis of target cells, and immune regulation by production of various cytokines. Many previous reports show that the complex NK cell activation process requires de novo gene expression regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Specialized un-translated regions (UTR) of mRNAs are the main mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. Analysis of posttranscriptional regulation is needed to clearly understand NK cell biology and, furthermore, harness the power of NK cells for therapeutic aims. This review summarizes the current understanding of mRNA metabolism during NK cell activation, focusing primarily on post-transcriptional regulation.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.187-189
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• 2020

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a material that generates free radicals through the ionization of air. Despite the application in various medical fields, the efficacy and safety of CAP on post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation due to atopic dermatitis have not been reported. Herein, we report the improvement in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of atopic dermatitis, after CAP treatment of three sessions weekly, 10 minutes per session. We examined the clinical severity indexes before and after treatment, including the Investigator's Global Assessment, modified Atopic Dermatitis Antecubital Severity, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and pruritus visual analogue scores. Our results indicate that CAP alleviates the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and clinical severity of atopic dermatitis, and effectively improves the atopic skin lesion without severe safety issues. We believe that the previously reported anti-bacterial effects and production of interleukin-6 after CAP treatment are probably responsible for the underlying mechanisms leading to clinical improvement.

• 전자공학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

Cerebral palsy children represent abnormal vocalization pattern caused by respiration problem and paralyzed oral motor muscle that are the basics of speech production. Thus, this study examined the effect of respiration and articulator training programs on the basic ability of speech production in CP children. The subjects of this study were 4 children with 3 of spastic CP and 1 of ataxia CP. The respiration and articulator program was conducted in 30 sessions for 30 minutes each. Pre-test was administered twice before the program, ongoing test was administered every 5 session during the period of experiment, and post-test was administered twice. The program included speech production such as respiration training, lips, jaw, cheek, and tongue exercise, and velopharyngeal training, and related articulator training. The following results were obtained. First, all subject children were less than 5 seconds in maximum phonation time before the experiment and 2 were improved by more than 4$\sim$5 seconds during the experiment, but 2 had relatively low rising width. Second, while children with less than 30dB before the experiment became bigger in strength during the experiment, children with more than 35dB before the experiment showed a minor change. Subject child 4 had lower vocal strength in the post-test period. Finally, although each subject had individual difference in syllable diadochokinetic ability, the function was improved and the number of repetition in one respiration was also increased.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2020

Fish is an extremely perishable food product which requires proper handling soon after harvest. The present study was aimed at assessing post-harvest fish losses and preservation practices in Siavonga district, Southern Zambia. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on post-harvest fish losses and preservation practices from aquaculture producers, artisanal, and commercial fishers. All the fishers who landed on the lakeshore were interviewed, while aquaculture producers were randomly selected based on the information provided by the local department of fisheries. The results of the study revealed that all the fishers experienced post-harvest fish losses at varying degrees with those losing up to 10% of the total catch being in the majority. In contrast, aquaculture producers did not report any post-harvest fish losses. Most aquaculture producers commonly used chilling as preservation practice contrary to artisanal and commercial fishers who commonly used smoking and sun sun-drying respectively. Furthermore, fish product safety and quality control were poorly practiced in the district. Lack of cold storage facilities and fluctuating weather conditions were the major challenges impacting fish post-harvest activities. Therefore, to curb the loss of revenue due to post-harvest fish losses, we propose the introduction of new technology, self-development skills for fishing communities, and enhanced access to refrigeration facilities.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2018

Generally, the animation and image production process consists of three stages: Pre-Production, Main-Production, and Post-Production. Real-time video production is also made based on this configuration. On the premise of the increase of productivity by reducing the production time effectively in the main production stage that takes the most time, this study aims to summarize the process of producing videos, focusing on the concrete main production stage. To do this, we propose a method for creating a real-time image from the point of view of the general user using Unity 3D, one of the game engines. Also, this study utilizes the Cinemachine feature provided by Unity 3D, which is suitable for the implementation of the proposed module structure.

• 디지털콘텐츠
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• 8호통권123호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2003

'디지털 스토리텔링(Digita0l Storytelling)'이란 디지털 기술을 매체환경 또는 표현 수단으로 수용해 이루어지는 스토리텔링이다. 영화를 비롯한 미디어 영상물은 대개 6단계의 표준 제작 공정으로 만들어진다. 1)기획개발단계(Develop) 2)제작준비단계(Pre-Production)3)제작단계(Production) 4)후반작업단계(Post-Production)5)배급단계(Distribution) 6)상영단계(Exhibition)가 그것이다. 디지털 스토리텔링이란 1)에서 6)에 이르는 매체 환경전체에 디지털 기술이 수용되거나, 최소한 1)에서 4)에 이르는 스토리에서 담화까지의 창작에 표현 수단으로 디지털 기술이 수용된 경우를 말한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.755-759
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• 2004

The present investigation was carried out to assess the effect of Sephadex (G-15) filtration on the post thaw bull semen quality and conception rate. Post thaw unfiltered (control) and Sephadex filtered semen from four healthy bulls (three cross bred and one pure bred Holstein Friesian) were subjected to microscopic examination viz. sperm concentration, individual motility, live sperm count and sperm morphology. Sixty-two healthy, normal cycling crossbred cows were inseminated with post thaw unfiltered (n=32) and filtered semen (n=30). Sephadex filtration of post thaw semen significantly (p<0.05) decreased total sperm concentration and sperm with abnormal head, mid piece and tail. The overall average total sperm concentration, head and tail defects in filtered semen decreased significantly (53.4, 1.2 and 6.4 million) than in the unfiltered semen (80.4, 2.4 and 15.7 million, respectively). However, after filtration significant (p<0.05) increase in overall average motile and live sperm concentration were observed (38.8 and 38.0) as compared to unfiltered semen (29.2 and 32.0 million, respectively). The overall conception rate recorded was 21.9% with post thaw unfiltered semen and 56.7% with filtered semen. It was concluded that Sephadex filtration of post thaw semen improved its quality and conception rate.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.463-475
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• 2022

In the mine exploitation stage; one of the critical issues is the stability assessment of post-pillars. The instability of post-pillars leads to serious safety hazards in mining operations. The focus of this study is to assess the stability of post-pillars in the 130# stope in the central ore body at Trepça hard rock mine by employing both conventional (i.e., critical span curve) and numerical methods (i.e., FLAC3D). Moreover, a new numerical based index (i.e., Pillar Yield Ratio-PYR) was proposed. The aim of PYR index is to determine a border line between stable, potentially unstable, and failure state of post-pillars at a specific mine site. The critical value of pillar width to height ratio is 2.5 for deep production stopes (e.g., > 800 m). Results showed that pillar size, mining height and mining depth significantly have affected the post-pillar stability. The reliability of numerical based index (i.e., PYR) is verified based on empirical underground pillar stability graph developed by Lunder, 1994. The proposed pillar yield ratio index and pillar stability graph can be used as a design tool in new mining areas at Trepça hard rock mine and for other situations with similar geotechnical conditions.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권40호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2015

애니메이션은 포스트 프러덕션 과정에 의해 애초의 기획한 시각적 연출 의도에 맞게 완성된다. 특히나, 3D애니메이션 제작에 있어서 기획의도에 적합한 다양한 시각적 표현 기법은 렌더링, 쉐이딩 등에 의해 연출된다. 따라서 이러한 시각적 효과를 어떤 방식으로 제작할 것인지에 관한 연구는 애니메이션이 출현된 이후 계속적으로 진행 되고 있다. 이 중에서도 최근 애니메이션에서 자주 등장하는 렌더링 방식은 3D로 제작하였지만 2D애니메이션의 느낌을 살린 효과이다. 3D 애니메이션은 이미지를 시각화하는 렌더링 방식에 따라 사실적으로 표현되는 포토리얼리스틱 렌더링(Photorealistic RENDERING)과 사진적 리얼리즘에서 벗어나 셀애니메이션의 경험적 감성의 화면 효과를 살린 비사실적 렌더링(NON-PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERING)으로 구분되는데 이는 2D애니메이션의 시각적 효과를 살린 렌더링 방식은 비사실적, 즉 넌-포토리얼리스틱 렌더링 방식으로 제작된 것이다. 이렇게 제작된 애니메이션은 공간과 애니메이팅에 있어서 3D애니메이션의 공간, 움직임 표현의 깊이를 보유하면서도 친화적인 아날로그 느낌의 화면을 연출할 수 있기에 많이 제작되고 있는 포스트 프러덕션 효과이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3D그래픽스 기법 중 넌-포토리얼리스틱(Non-photo Rendering)의 범주에 속하는 카툰렌더링(Cartoon Rendering)기법으로 제작된 디즈니의 대표적인 단편애니메이션 Paperman을 중심으로 기법적 방식을 분석하고 카툰렌더링으로 표현된 씬의 시각적 전달 효과를 분석하여 기획의도에 표현한 합성작업 과정을 살펴보도록 한다. 이어 넌-포토리얼리스틱(Non-photo Rendering)의 범주와 장르가 다양해 지고 있는 추세에 맞춰 그래픽적 표현 한계를 뛰어넘어 보다 효율적이고 다양한 표현방식 후반 기법들이 연구되길 바란다.