Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2009.9.4.115

Post-transcriptional Regulation of NK Cell Activation  

Kim, Tae-Don (Cell Therapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology)
Park, Ju-Yeong (Cell Therapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology)
Choi, In-Pyo (Cell Therapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
IMMUNE NETWORK / v.9, no.4, 2009 , pp. 115-121 More about this Journal
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play key roles in innate and adaptive immune defenses. NK cell responses are mediated by two major mechanisms: the direct cytolysis of target cells, and immune regulation by production of various cytokines. Many previous reports show that the complex NK cell activation process requires de novo gene expression regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Specialized un-translated regions (UTR) of mRNAs are the main mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. Analysis of posttranscriptional regulation is needed to clearly understand NK cell biology and, furthermore, harness the power of NK cells for therapeutic aims. This review summarizes the current understanding of mRNA metabolism during NK cell activation, focusing primarily on post-transcriptional regulation.
Keywords
natural killer cells; cytotoxicity; immune regulation; post-transcriptional regulation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Allgayer H: Regulation and clinical significance of urokinase-receptor (u-PAR), an invasion-related molecule. Z Gastroenterol 44;503-511, 2006   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
2 Shetty P, Velusamy T, Bhandary YP, Shetty RS, Liu MC, Shetty S: Urokinase expression by tumor suppressor protein p53: a novel role in mRNA turnover. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 39;364-372, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Suarez-Alvarez B, Lopez-Vazquez A, Baltar JM, Ortega F, Lopez-Larrea C: Potential role of NKG2D and its ligands in organ transplantation: new target for immunointervention. Am J Transplant 9;251-257, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Fehniger TA, Cai SF, Cao X, Bredemeyer AJ, Presti RM,French AR, Ley TJ: Acquisition of murine NK cell cytotoxicity requires the translation of a pre-existing pool of granzyme B and perforin mRNAs. Immunity 26;798-811, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Eberhardt W, Doller A, Akool el S, Pfeilschifter J: Modulation of mRNA stability as a novel therapeutic approach. Pharmacol Ther 114;56-73, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Ogilvie RL, Sternjohn JR, Rattenbacher B, Vlasova IA, Williams DA, Hau HH, Blackshear PJ, Bohjanen PR: Tristetraprolin mediates interferon-gamma mRNA decay. J Biol Chem 284;11216-11223, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Paste M, Huez G, Kruys V: Deadenylation of interferon-beta mRNA is mediated by both the AU-rich element in the 3'-untranslated region and an instability sequence in the coding region. Eur J Biochem 270;1590-1597, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Tarr PE: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the immune system. Med Oncol 13;133-140, 1996   DOI   PUBMED
9 Dranoff G: GM-CSF-based cancer vaccines. Immunol Rev 188;147-154, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Lykke-Andersen J, Wagner E: Recruitment and activation of mRNA decay enzymes by two ARE-mediated decay activation domains in the proteins TTP and BRF-1. Genes Dev 19;351-361, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Maroof A, Beattie L, Zubairi S, Svensson M, Stager S, Kaye PM: Posttranscriptional regulation of II10 gene expression allows natural killer cells to express immunoregulatory function. Immunity 29;295-305, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Ford LP, Watson J, Keene JD, Wilusz J: ELAV proteins stabilize deadenylated intermediates in a novel in vitro mRNA deadenylation/degradation system. Genes Dev 13;188-201, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Jarzembowski JA, Rajagopalan LE, Shin HC, Malter JS: The 5'-untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA suppresses translational repression mediated by the 3' adenosine-uridine-rich element and the poly(A) tail. Nucleic Acids Res 27; 3660-3666, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Shetty S, Velusamy T, Idell S, Shetty P, Mazar AP, Bhandary YP, Shetty RS: Regulation of urokinase receptor expression by p53: novel role in stabilization of uPAR mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 27;5607-5618, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Stern-Ginossar N, Elefant N, Zimmermann A, Wolf DG, Saleh N, Biton M, Horwitz E, Prokocimer Z, Prichard M, Hahn G, Goldman-Wohl D, Greenfield C, Yagel S, Hengel H, Altuvia Y, Margalit H, Mandelboim O: Host immune sys tem gene targeting by a viral miRNA. Science 317;376-381,2007   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
16 Velusamy T, Shetty P, Bhandary YP, Liu MC, Shetty S:Posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase receptor expression by heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein C. Biochemistry 47;6508-6517, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Hodge DL, Martinez A, Julias JG, Taylor LS, Young HA: Regulation of nuclear gamma interferon gene expression by interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 represents a novel form of posttranscriptional control. Mol Cell Biol 22;1742-1753, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Brewer G, Saccani S, Sarkar S, Lewis A, Pestka S: Increased interleukin-10 mRNA stability in melanoma cells is associated with decreased levels of A+U-rich element binding factor AUF1. (Translated from eng) J Interferon Cytokine Res 23;553-564, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Tsutsumi A, Suzuki E, Adachi Y, Murata H, Goto D, Kojo S, Matsumoto I, Zhong L, Nakamura H, Sumida T: Expression of tristetraprolin (G0S24) mRNA, a regulator of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, in synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 31; 1044-1049, 2004   PUBMED
20 Stern-Ginossar N, Gur C, Biton M, Horwitz E, Elboim M, Stanietsky N, Mandelboim M, Mandelboim O: Human microRNAs regulate stress-induced immune responses mediated by the receptor NKG2D. Nat Immunol 9;1065-1073, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Piecyk M, Wax S, Beck AR, Kedersha N, Gupta M, Maritim B, Chen S, Gueydan C, Kruys V, Streuli M, Anderson P: TIA-1 is a translational silencer that selectively regulates the expression of TNF-alpha. EMBO J 19;4154-4163, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Buzby JS, Brewer G, Nugent DJ: Developmental regulation of RNA transcript destabilization by A+U-rich elements is AUF1-dependent. J Biol Chem 274;33973-33978, 1999   DOI   PUBMED
23 Kruys V, Marinx O, Shaw G, Deschamps J, Huez G:Translational blockade imposed by cytokine-derived UA-rich sequences. Science 245;852-855, 1989   DOI   PUBMED
24 Nemeth ZH, Lutz CS, Csoka B, Deitch EA, Leibovich SJ, Gause WC, Tone M, Pacher P, Vizi ES, Hasko G: Adenosine augments IL-10 production by macrophages through an A2B receptor-mediated posttranscriptional mechanism. J Immunol 175;8260-8270, 2005   DOI   PUBMED
25 Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S, Takada Y, Jackson-Bernitsas D,Ahn KS, Sethi G, Ichikawa H: TNF blockade: an inflammatory issue. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 161-186, 2006
26 V\acute{e}ly F, Vivier E: Natural killer cell receptor signaling pathway in mammals. Sci STKE 12;cm7, 2005
27 Chowdhury D, Lieberman J: Death by a thousand cuts: granzyme pathways of programmed cell death. Annu Rev Immunol 26;389-420, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Blount DG, Riley EM: IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection. J Immunol 180; 5771-7577, 2008   DOI   PUBMED
29 Dean JL, Wait R, Mahtani KR, Sully G, Clark AR, Saklatvala J: The 3' untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA is a target of the mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR. Mol Cell Biol 21;721-730, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Cai SF, Fehniger TA, Cao X, Mayer JC, Brune JD, French AR, Ley TJ: Differential expression of granzyme B and C in murine cytotoxic lymphocytes. J Immunol 182;6287-6297, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Shi MM, Godleski JJ, Paulauskis JD: Molecular cloning and posttranscriptional regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in alveolar macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 211;289-295, 1995   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Shaw G, Kamen R: A conserved AU sequence from the 3' untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell 46;659-667, 1986   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Shu Y, Hong-Hui L: Transcription, translation, degradation,and circadian clock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321;1-6, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Shetty S: Protein synthesis and urokinase mRNA metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 271;13-22, 2005   DOI   PUBMED
35 Nagy E, Buhlmann JE, Henics T, Waugh M, Rigby WF:Selective modulation of IFN-gamma mRNA stability by IL-12/NKSF. Cell Immunol 159;140-151, 1994   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Xu N, Chen CY, Shyu AB: Versatile role for hnRNP D isoforms in the differential regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA turnover. Mol Cell Biol 21;6960-6971, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Al-Atrash G, Shetty S, Idell S, Xue Y, Kitson RP, Halady PK, Goldfarb RH: IL-2-mediated upregulation of uPA and uPAR in natural killer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 292;184-189, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Fan XC, Steitz JA: Overexpression of HuR, a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, increases the in vivo stability of ARE-containing mRNAs. EMBO J 17;3448-3460, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Sharma A, Kumar M, Aich J, Hariharan M, Brahmachari SK, Agrawal A, Ghosh B: Posttranscriptional regulation of interleukin- 10 expression by hsa-miR-106a. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106;5761-5766, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Katsanou V, Papadaki O, Milatos S, Blackshear PJ, Anderson P, Kollias G, Kontoyiannis DL: HuR as a negative posttranscriptional modulator in inflammation. Mol Cell 19; 777-789, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Zhang T, Kruys V, Huez G, Gueydan C: AU-rich element-mediated translational control: complexity and multiple activities of trans-activating factors. Biochem Soc Trans 30;952-958, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Raineri I, Wegmueller D, Gross B, Certa U, Moroni C: Roles of AUF1 isoforms, HuR and BRF1 in ARE-dependent mRNA turnover studied by RNA interference. Nucleic Acids Res 32;1279-1288, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Sarkar S, Sinsimer KS, Foster RL, Brewer G, Pestka S: AUF1 isoform-specific regulation of anti-inflammatory IL10 expression in monocytes. (Translated from eng) J Interferon Cytokine Res 28;679-691, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Muller WE, Slor H, Pfeifer K, Huhn P, Bek A, Orsulic S, Ushijima H, Schroder HC: Association of AUUUA-binding protein with A+U-rich mRNA during nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. J Mol Biol 226;721-733, 1992   DOI   PUBMED