• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

The aim of treatment of cleft lip and palate is to correct the cleft and associated problems surgically and thus hide the anomaly so that patients can lead normal lives. This correction involves surgically producing a face that does not attract attention, a vocal apparatus that permits intelligible speech, and a dentition that allows optimal function and esthetics. In neonatal periods, gross distortion of tissues surrounding the cleft requires considerable effort and time due to post operative functional defect and scarring and induces milk feeding problem, malocclusion of deciduous or permanent dentition, congenital missing teeth, skeletal dysplasia. The occurrence of a cleft deformity is a source of considerable shock to the parents of an afflicted baby, and the most appropriate approach is very important things. Thus we tried to analysis of dental arch, shape and size of deformity in cleft patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. When the cast measurements of UCLP subjects at first visit it was found that the mean length was 9.29mm at the alveolar cleft width, also that was 11.7mm at the anterior width and 14mm at the posterior cleft width. 2. Comparison of UCLP group at first visit and just lip surgery, it was found that the older group showed a insignificant reduction in the width of the cleft in the alveolar, canine, and tuberosity regions. 3. The maxillary casts of the UCLP group at 6 months differ Significantly from those of the at 3 months in both length and width. but there was no statistical difference except anterior ridge length of nonclefted site. 4. Comparison at 6 months and 18 months, there was a greater change in length of the alveolar cleft width, intercanine width, and anterior cleft width. Maxillary arch became wider at both the canine region and intertuberosity region. also posterior anteroposterior length was increased but anterior AP length was decreased from 8.1mm to 7.7mm. There was meaningful increase at intertuberosity length; however, a significant reduction in width t-t'

• 복식
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• 제40권
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• pp.151-170
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the value of grotesque fashion and to predict the future fashion trend. The grotesque originates the formative art. It emerges towards of a century or transitional period in most case. In particular, it was used as the expressive method of an individual's inside and a satire on society through the work of artists in the Middle Age, the renaissance, the sym-bolism, the dadaism, the surrealism, the pop art, the technology art, and the post-modernism, etc. The grotesque in fashion is represented in the work of avant-garde fashion designers who lead the high fashion. The grotesque fashion which was combined with an image of non-formality, non-rationality, an absurdity and reality. It has been begun shape of female dress in the renaissance. Afterwards, it was represented in extremely exaggerated and distorted pop art, hippies' fashion in the 1960's. In the 1970's, it was reflected in genderless rock star and destructive punk fashion. It was also represented in the androgynous fashion which was combined with both sexes, the goth/gothic fashion which was expressed with a realistic and fanciful shape and the tattoo of skin-head in the 1980's. In the 1990's, the grungy look which was dirty and the cyber punk fashion. In general, it was also expressed by the avant-garde fashion designers. To sum up, a grotesque fashion which is expressed by experimental designers is classified into four shapes. 1, Union of some extraneous is expressed as different kinds of fashion theme, such as abnormality of texture, uses of surrealistic elements and chaos of sex. Although it appears that the abnormal union of grotesque has only discord and collision, it also shows a feeling of freedom for the tension. 2. Introduction of real and fanciful image is expressed as a cyborg, realistic description of disgusting animal skin and aggressive shape. Especially, it is worth while to notice Tierre Mugler and Alexander Macqueen's work which expressed the shape of mingling human of Middle Age. 3. distortion or exaggeration is expressed as an unformed shape, the exaggeration of a clothing size, the abnormal exaggeration of human body and the ignorance of clothing form. 4. Introduction of a disgusting image is expressed as an extremity of reality, motifs of death, clothing material of disgusting hair and the ostentation of sex. Motto which leads modern fashion is something new and shocking. The grotesque fashion is an expression of eagerness for something new. It often show something ironic in the form of humor which is embedded in an abnormal and shocking pattern. The grotesque fashion is represented as an extreme beauty. It will stand as an important element of the future fashion and as a particular style with the change and fluidity.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

고정식 초점형 격자가 적용된 비정질 실리콘 평판형 검출기에서 초점-격자간 중심변위와 두부 팬텀의 검출기내 위치 변위가 영상 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여, 디지털 의료영상 장비의 올바른 사용 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 고정식 초점형 격자를 적용한 비정질 실리콘 평판형 검출기에서 두부 팬텀을 사용하여 초점-격자간 중심 변위와 두부 팬텀의 위치 변위에 따라 영상을 획득 하였다. 획득된 영상을 NIH(Image J) 영상 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 동일 영역에서의 픽셀값(Pixel value), 히스토그램(Histogram), 도면형상(plot profile), 표면도(Surface plot)등을 분석하고, 표준 촬영 영상과 비교 하였다. 초점-격자간 측 방향 중심 변위와 초점-격자와 두부 팬텀의 이중 변위는 수평, 대각선으로 증가할수록 픽셀의 평균값과 표준편차값이 비례적으로 감소하였다. 또한 높은 픽셀값의 빈도수가 상당히 감소하여 영상의 대조도를 저하시켰고, 변위가 증가할수록 영상 왜곡현상도 증가하였다. 다음으로 두부 팬텀 위치 변위의 픽셀 평균값은 큰 변화가 없었으나 수평, 대각선으로 증가할수록 높은 픽셀값의 빈도수가 감소하는 양상을 보여 영상의 대조도가 저하 되었다. 디지털 검출기의 넓은 관용도와 후처리 능력은 영상의 화소 잡음이 증가하여도 방사선사들이 인지하지 못할 수 있다. 따라서 방사선사는 격자가 장착된 디지털 검출기에서 화소 잡음을 증가시키는 촬영 요인들을 정확히 인지하여 검사에 임해야 할 것이다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2005

Somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle has limited efficiency in terms of production of live offspring due to high incidence of fetal failure after embryo transfer to recipients. Such low efficiency of cloning could possibly arise from abnormal and poorly developed placenta. In the present study the placental proteome in late pregnancy established from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT) was analysed. Proteome alternation was tested using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- TOF). Comparing placenta from NT embryos to those from IVF counterparts, significant changes in expression level were found in 18 proteins. Of these proteins 12 were not expressed in NT placenta but expressed in IVF counterpart, whereas the expression of the other 6 proteins was limited only in NT placenta. Among these proteins, cytokeratin 8 and vimentin are considered to be involved in regulation of post-implantation development. In particular, cytokeratin 8 and vimentin may be used as makers for placental development during pregnancy because their expression levels changed considerably in NT placental tissue compared with its IVF counterpart. Data from 2-DE suggest that protein expression was disorientated in late pregnancy from NT, but this distortion was eliminated with progression of pregnancy. These findings demonstrate abnormal placental development during late pregnancy from NT and suggest that alterations of specific placental protein expression may be involved in abnormal function of placenta.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2019

Background: The mandibular third molar (M3) is typically the last permanent tooth to erupt because of insufficient space and thick soft tissues covering its surface. Problems such as alveolar bone loss, development of a periodontal pocket, exposure of cementum, gingival recession, and dental caries can be found in the adjacent second molars (M2) following M3 extraction. The specific aims of the study were to assess the amount and rate of bone regeneration on the distal surface of M2 and to evaluate the aspects of bone regeneration in terms of varying degree of impaction. Methods: Four series of panoramic radiographic images were obtained from the selected cases, including images from the first visit, immediately after extraction, 6 weeks, and 6 months after extraction. ImageJ software^® (NIH, USA) was used to measure linear distance from the region of interest to the distal root of the adjacent M2. Radiographic infrabony defect (RID) values were calculated from the measured radiographic bone height and cementoenamel junction with distortion compensation. Repeated measures of analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the statistical significant difference between RID and time, and a Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between Pederson's difficulty index (DI) and RID. Results: A large RID (> 6 mm) can be reduced gradually and consistently over time. More than half of the samples recovered nearly to their normal healthy condition (RID ≤ 3 mm) by the 6-month follow-up. DI affected the first 6 weeks of post-extraction period and only showed a significant positive correlation with respect to the difference between baseline and final RID. Conclusions: Additional treatments on M2 for a minimum of 6 months after an M3 extraction could be recommended. Although DI may affect bone regeneration during the early healing period, further study is required to elucidate any possible factors associated with the healing process. The DI does not cause any long-term adverse effects on bone regeneration after surgical extraction.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2000

구순열 수술에서 인중의 해부, 형태, 기능적 재건에 도움을 받고자 상순 및 하순의 전층표본을 가지고 미세구조를 관찰하였으며, 자연스럽고 미적인 인중을 재건하기 위해서는 정상적 근육 부착의 재건과 구륜근 표층의 진피 부속물들의 회복과 장력 없는 상순의 접합, 진피 부속물들을 포함한 인중융기의 두께 회복 및 비탄력성 흉터 조직의 최소화가 필요하다고 사료되었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.533-539
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• 2010

2차원 카메라와 라인 레이저를 이용한 비접촉식 레일 마모도 측정 시스템은 레일의 정확한 마모도 측정을 위하여 레일에 조사된 레이저 영역을 왜곡 없이 획득하고 이를 레일 단면과 정확하게 일치시켜야 한다. 그러나 일반적인 비접촉식 레일 마모도 측정 시스템의 카메라는 레일의 측면에서 비스듬하게 레일을 촬영하여 사선방향(Oblique Viewpoint)의 원시영상을 획득하는 방식을 취하기 때문에 카메라 모델(Camera Model)과 투시 변환(Perspective Transform)을 이용하여 카메라로부터 획득한 원시영상이나 영상으로부터 추출된 레이저 영역의 좌표 데이터를 레일의 단면과 일치시키기 위한 영상 후처리 작업을 수행하게 된다. 이때 라인 레이저가 조사된 지점에서 획득한 레일 프로파일 데이터는 전체 측정 구간에 대하여 일정한 간격으로 측정된 불연속 데이터의 특성을 가지므로 측정된 각 레일 프로파일 데이터 사이의 영역에서는 정확한 레일의 마모도를 측정할 수 없는 한계를 가진다. 본 논문에서는 레일의 양방향에서 획득한 영상에 대하여 3차원 레일 프로파일 생성을 위한 변형된 카메라 모델과 투시 변환을 적용함으로서 레일 마모도의 측정 정밀도를 향상하기 위한 3차원 레일 프로파일 재구성 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 3차원 레일 프로파일 재구성 기법을 통하여 전체 측정 구간내에 포함된 레일 마모도 측정 데이터의 불연속성을 효과적으로 제거하여 연속적인 측정면(Measurement Surface)을 생성함으로서 측정하고자 하는 전체 레일에 대한 향상된 측정 정밀도를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.101-122
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• 2012

본 연구는 중학교 1학년 가정과 '옷차림과 자기표현' 단원에 적용할 책만들기를 활용한 문제중심학습 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하고 적용한 후 수업의 효과를 알아보는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 책만들기를 활용한 문제중심학습 교수 학습 과정안, 학생자료 15개, 교사자료 9개를 개발하여 부산광역시 소재의 여자중학교 학생 167명을 대상으로 적용한 후 결과를 분석하였다. 본 수업이 학생들의 신체이미지에 대한 왜곡이나 불만족을 줄여줘 신체이미지를 긍정적으로 변화시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태도에 대해서는 사회적 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 바람직하게 변화되었다. 수업에 대한 학생들의 평가는 수업이 재미있고, 특별나고, 학습자료가 다양하며, 나의 신체에 대해 생각하는 계기가 되었다는 등으로 매우 긍정적이었으나 수업시간의 부족과 과제가 많았다고 하였다. 이상의 결과로 본 교수 학습과정안이 연구의 목적을 달성하는 데 적합한 모형임을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 교수 학습 과정안의 타당성 검토와 수업시간의 확보를 통한 학습활동이 이루어지도록 하는 후속 연구를 통해 더욱 발전된 책만들기를 활용한 문제중심 학습 교수 학습 과정안이 개발되기를 기대한다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.97-97
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• 2009

The use of thin plate increases due to the need for light weight in large ship. Thin plate is easily distorted and has residual stress by welding heat. Therefore, the thin plate should be carefully joined to minimize the welding deformation which costs time and money for repair. For one effort to reduce welding deformation, it is very useful to predict welding deformation before welding execution. There are two methods to analyze welding deformation. One is simple linear analysis. The other is nonlinear analysis. The simple linear analysis is elastic analysis using the equivalent load method or inherent strain method from welding experiments. The nonlinear analysis is thermo-elastic analysis which gives consideration to the nonlinearity of material dependent on temperature and time, welding current, voltage, speed, sequence and constraint. In this study, the welding deformation is analyzed by using thermo-elastic method for PCTC(Pure Car and Truck Carrier) which carries cars and trucks. PCTC uses thin plates of 6mm thickness which is susceptible to welding heat. The analysis dimension is 19,200mm(length) * 13,825mm(width) * 376mm(height). MARC and MENTAT are used as pre and post processor and solver. The boundary conditions are based on the real situation in shipyard. The simulations contain convection and gravity. The material of the thin block is mild steel with $235N/mm^2$ yield strength. Its nonlinearity of conductivity, specific heat, Young's modulus and yield strength is applied in simulations. Welding is done in two pass. First pass lasts 2,100 second, then it rests for 900 second, then second pass lasts 2,100 second and then it rests for 20,000 second. The displacement at 0 sec is caused by its own weight. It is maximum 19mm at the free side. The welding line expands, shrinks during welding and finally experiences shrinkage. It results in angular distortion of thin block. Final maximum displacement, 17mm occurs around welding line. The maximum residual stress happens at the welding line, where the stress is above the yield strength. Also, the maximum equivalent plastic strain occurs at the welding line. The plastic strain of first pass is more than that of second pass. The flatness of plate in longitudinal direction is calculated in parallel with the direction of girder and compared with deformation standard of ${\pm}15mm$. Calculated value is within the standard range. The flatness of plate in transverse direction is calculated in perpendicular to the direction of girder and compared with deformation standard of ${\pm}6mm$. It satisfies the standard. Buckle of plate is calculated between each longitudinal and compared with the deformation standard. All buckle value is within the standard range of ${\pm}6mm$.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 학생들이 사용한 세 가지 Ni-Ti파일의 성형효율을 비교하고, 각 파일의 사용 경험 유무에 따른 차이를 비교하여 치과대학생을 위한 교육에 적합한 종류를 선택하는데 도움을 얻고자하는 것이다. Ni-Ti파일 사용 경험이 없는 학생 50명과 Ni-Ti파일을 사용한 근관치료 경력이 2년 이상인 경험자 10명이 세 종류의 Ni-Ti file - $ProFile^{(R)}\;(PF),\;HeroShaper^{(R)}\;(HS),\;K3^{TM}\;(K3)$ -을 사용하여 180개의 근관 모형을 성형하였다. 근관성형 시간 및 기구 변형, 근관 이형성을 조사하고 성형 전후 상을 중첩하여 근관 삭제폭, 근관변위량과 중심변위율을 1, 3. 5 mm에서 분석하였다. 1. 근관 성형시간은 HS군이 가장 빨랐으며, 총 삭제 량은 모든 지점에서 K3군이 다른 군보다 컸다 (P<0.05) . 2. 세 군 모두 1, 3 mm에서 외측 변이를 보였고, 1 mm지점에서 PF군이 가장 안정적이었다 (P<0.05). 3. 중심변위율은 1, 3 mm에서 HS, PF군이 K3군보다 작았다. 5 mm지점에서는 PF군이 가장 작았고, PF군 3 mm에서 학생은 경험자보다 유의하게 작았다 (P<0.05).