• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Public infrastructure is crucial to promote and sustain a sustainable economic growth and a health community. A large amount of capital investment is generally required in infrastructure projects that motivate the involvement of the private sector in the delivery process. Various relationship-based procurement methods have been attempted to maximize value-for-money. In this paper, the problems and challenges that relationship-based procurement methods have been facing are explored. A particular focus is placed on the challenges for the public-private partnership (PPP) model. Possible strategies for adapting the PPP models in the post-Global Financial Crisis era are proposed and discussed. In addition, the challenges facing alliancing, which is one of the other important relationship-based procurement methods, are also examined. Views on infrastructure procurement in the future were sought from industry professionals via interviews and are reported in this paper as well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.22-32
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of prospect from the mountain pass by investigating relations between the type of mountain pass and object overlooked from the mountain pass. For the purpose, this researcher selected and surveyed 44 mountain passes located in Busan, except in Gangseo-gu lesion. According to their locational characteristics, the mountain passes were classified into three types, 'sanmok'(formed between mountain peaks), 'sanheori'(formed on the mountainside) and 'sanmaru'(formed at the tip of the mountain peak). Out of the total 44 mountain passes, 22 were 'sanheori' in type. In the same type, mountain passes mostly had a prospect providing the overlap of downtown and mountain areas. The researcher examined the sight distance and dip of object to be viewed from the mountain pass, determining relations between the object and the mountain pass. When overlooked from mountain passes in Busan, most objects are distributed between $-3^{\circ}\;and\;-1^{\circ}$ in an angle of depression within the sight distance from 0.5km to 14km. Mountain passes are valuable as a post that is very important in prospecting scenes. But they are now in crisis. They are being gradually disappeared because of development projects. Finally, the researcher hopes that the study makes recognizing the value of the mountain pass and contributes to preserve the mountain pass as an important post of view point when its region is later developed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.334-346
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a resilience enhancement program applying mindfulness meditation (REP-MM) and evaluate the effects of the program on post-traumatic stress (PTS), resilience, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with ileostomy. Methods: The REP-MM was developed by combining the resilience enhancement program with mindfulness meditation according to four patterns. The program was developed through identifying patients' needs, reviewing relevant literature, developing a preliminary program, and testing content validity and user evaluation. The participants were 55 patients with ileostomy. We conveniently assigned 27 patients to the experimental group and 28 to the control group. The study was conducted in conducted in a hospital from January 22 to May 30, 2019. The REPMM was provided to the experimental group, and conventional ileostomy care was provided to the control group using a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. Results: ANCOVA revealed that the levels of PTS (F = 321.64, p < .001), resilience (F = 111.86, p < .001), and HRQoL (F = 31.08, p < .001) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group when comparing pretest to posttest changes. Conclusion: The REP-MM is effective in PTS, resilience, and HRQoL in patients suffering from post-stoma creation crisis. The REP-MM can induce positive self-recognition changes in patients with ileostomy through dispositional, situational, relational, and philosophical interventions. We suggest nurses reduce PTS and improve resilience and HRQoL in patients with ileostomy.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.235-266
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• 2009

This paper investigates changes in the extent of exchange rate pass-through to export price in Korea. First, empirical results show that export prices have become less responsive to the exchange rate since the financial crisis in 1997. The decline of exchange rate pass-through to export prices suggests that Korean exporters are more likely to use profit margins to absorb part of the impact of exchange rate changes, consistent with pricing to market phenomenon. Second, this paper finds asymmetries in the response of export prices to exchange rate changes. In the post-crisis period. appreciations are more likely to be offset by markup adjustment than depreciations. Third, this paper documents that a significant portion of the decline of exchange rate pass-through is a result of both increased volatility of exchange rate and increased competition with China in the world market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.181-193
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• 2021

Due to the spread of COVID-19, the domestic market was inevitable to face the crisis of tourism industry. Accordingly, most of local festivals decided to cancel or postpone, and have been in difficult situation. In addition, people also have experienced the thrist of cultural activities and tours. However, this situation can also be opportunity to find the clues for activating local festivals in the post-COVID-19 era with estimating the preservation value and deriving the determinants for it. Therefore, this study economically assessed the value of the local festival, Chimac Festival in Daegu, under the hypothetical financial crisis situation for COVID-19. Consequently, monthly income, age and place dependence was found to be influential for Daegu and nearby area citizens to have willingness to pay for the Chimac Festival in Daegu. The result shows that respondents are willing to pay 16,909 on truncated average. Thus, total value of Chimac Festival was estimated as 9.376 billion won.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.83-111
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• 2021

This paper conducts a Structural Dcomposition Analysis on the structure of factors contributing to the output growth of Korean Maritime and Port Industry during year 2000~ year 2017. Some of results are as follows. The output growth rates of the industry (yearly average 4.3%) was far lower than the average growth rates of Service as well as of Manufacturing Industries (yearly average 9% and 6.8%, respectively) due to the lower output growth of Maritime Industry. Among the growth contributing factors, change in domestic demand for final goods is the first contributing factor, and then change in technology, change in export and import substitution for intermediate goods are followed in order, but import substitution for final goods decreased its output. However, in each respective sub-periods of pre-global financial crisis and post-global financial crisis, change in the export, especially change in the export of Maritime Industry is the dominant determinant of output change in the Maritime and Port Industry in opposite ways. In the periods of the former the increase in the export of Maritime Industry overwhelmingly led the output growth of the Maritime and Port industry, but in the periods of the latter the decrease in its export was the culprit of lower output growth of the industry. On the other hand, among all industries of service and manufacturing sectors, Wholesale and Retail industry is the leading industry in contributing to the output growth of the Maritime and Port Industry, and Transportation Equipment industry is the leading industry among all manufacturing industries.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.121-148
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• 2018

This paper examines the role of accounting conservatism on investment expenditure for non-financial Korean listed firms around the 2007-2008 global financial crisis using a differences-in-differences design. Specifically, this paper examines the association between an ex ante classification of firms by their level of accounting conservatism prior to the credit crisis and the ex post magnitude of the decline in investment. Consistent with prior literature, this study found that firms experienced a decline in their investment when hit by the financial crisis (Campello et al. 2010). And also this study found that firms with more conservative financial reporting experienced a smaller decline in investment activity following the financial crisis than did firms with less conservative financial reporting. Together, the results suggest that negative shocks to the supply of external finance hampers firm-level investment and that conservative financial reporting can lessen the sensitivity of firms' investment to such negative shocks. Next, this study shows that the magnitude of our findings is greater for firms more likely to suffer from underinvestment (as opposed to overinvestment). Firms that are financially constrained or have greater demand for external finance are more likely to experience underinvestment. Consistent with the predictions, this study finds stronger benefits of conservatism for firms that face relatively greater costs in raising external capital (i.e., financially constrained firms) or that have a relatively greater need to do so (i.e., firms that lack internal financial resources). This study also finds that the role for conservatism is greater in firms with a higher level of information asymmetry, consistent with the notion that conservatism mitigates financing frictions arising from information problems.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.39-64
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• 2020

COVID-19 is sweeping the world, and it is in crisis in all aspects of politics, economy, culture, and religion. As people experience the beginning and spread of COVID-19, wince and re-spread, the people are living in anxiety and depression. Because of the COVOD-19 crisis, Korean churches were unable to provide on-site worship, and online worship began, and churches that started on-site worship also performed online worship. In the case of church schools, the functions of fellowship and education were paralyzed and many are offering online Sunday service only. Many people eagerly want to go back to what it was before COVID-19, but it seems difficult because COVID-19 has become a global issue and a pandemic situation. We can't wait to get better out of this. In the COVID-19 crisis, the church was unable to properly handle the church's original work and to fully fulfill the mission of education. The response of many churches was to postpone the planned ministry to the second half of 2020. Now, we should try to set a new direction and prepare specifically to move in the new direction. With this perspective, this paper studied the direction of Christian education in the post COVID-19. Specifically, the theoretical basis of the direction of Christian education in the post COVID-19 was found in the theory of Agape's encounter, Catechesis theory, and diakonia theory, and specific directions were suggested according to these theories. Specifically, based on the theory of Agape's encounter, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter with the natural environment, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter among family members, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter among citizens of the world, and Christian education that emphasizes the encounter through online were presented. Based on the Catechesis theory, Christian education copping with the attack of heresy was presented. Finally, based on the diakonia theory, Christian education of service for society and Christian education of service based on data were presented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.233-246
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• 2020

After the COVID-19 crisis, the world's terrain has changed completely to the extent that it has been divided before and after Corona. We are living in the era of new normals, things we never thought of before Corona19, such as wearing masks everywhere, maintaining social distance, sitting on one side in the cafeteria, and online face-to-face classes. Perhaps the most seriously affected by the COVID-19 incident is the church. How should the church respond to the various problems caused by COVID-19? This study intends to re-examine the five essential missions of the church in the post-Corona19 era. The five essences are the three essential functions of the intangible church: didake (teaching), kerygma (declaration), diakonia (service), and the two essential functions of the tangible church: koinonia (association) and leiturgia (worship). Of these, koinonia and leiturgia are the most seriously threatened by the restraint of face-to-face worship in the incident of COVID-19. In times of crisis, the church needs to strengthen its vertical koinonia with God in order to perform its didake function well and increase the efficiency of the horizontal koinonia among believers. However, in the situation where face-to-face worship is desired due to social distance, teaching and proclaiming the Bible is the most important part. For this, it is considered that a specialized ministry is needed to produce high quality contents.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.69
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• pp.71-110
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• 2015

Beyond the technological behaviorism-oriented notion of prosumers, the current study explores the question of digital creative labour of the youth in the interrelated context of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal ethos of selfhood. This analysis is situated particularly in the social conflicts and struggles in Korea, where the problems related to the precarization of the younger generation have been increasingly aggravated (in the realm of embodied reality) whereas their digital activities have been highly expressive (in the realm of mediated reality). The contradictions embedded in the question of the labour of the youth are delineated in the respect of the subjectivities of young free labour, or 'digital creative labour' in proposed terms: the precarious young free labour in Korea is the compound of social fragmentation, economic polarization, expansion of cognitive and emotion labour, boom of hedonistic consumerism, economic-cultural celebration of creativity and self-entrepreneurship, technological saturation of digital media, subjective/collective affects around excitement and ambition but also of anxiety and fear. The ambivalence and complexity of the young free labour is converged at the emergence of homo-economicus (Michel Foucault) through the subjectivation of the social (con)fusion of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal governmentality of selfhood.