• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2021

Background: This study compared the treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) before and after the implementation of public-private mix (PPM). Factors affecting treatment success were also investigated. Methods: Data from culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB patients who commenced MDR-TB treatment at Pusan National University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of PPM status: pre-PPM period, patients who commenced MDR-TB treatment between 2003 and 2010; and post-PPM period, patients treated between 2011 and 2017. Results: A total of 176 patients were included (64 and 112 in the pre- and post-PPM periods, respectively). 36.9% of the patients were resistant to a fluoroquinolone or a second-line injectable drug, or both. The overall treatment success rate was 72.7%. The success rate of post-PPM patients was higher than that of pre-PPM patients (79.5% vs. 60.9%, p=0.008). Also, loss to follow-up was lower in the post-PPM period (5.4% vs. 15.6%, p=0.023). In multivariate regression analysis, age ≥65 years, body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m², previous TB treatment, bilateral lung involvement, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)- or pre-XDR-TB were associated with poorer treatment outcomes. However, the use of bedaquiline or delamanid for ≥1 month increased the treatment success. Conclusion: The treatment success rate in MDR-TB patients was higher in the post-PPM period than in the pre-PPM period, particularly because of the low rate of loss to follow-up. To ensure comprehensive patient-centered PPM in South Korea, investment and other support must be adequate.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2024

Objectives: Post-operative urinary retention (POUR) is a frequent complication following surgical procedures, characterized by an acute inability to void, leading to additional complications and extended hospitalization. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in facilitating spontaneous urination and alleviating anxiety in patients experiencing poor urination. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture in the management of POUR in patients who have undergone lumbar spine surgery. Methods: This retrospective study conducted at the National Hospital of Acupuncture in Vietnam and reviewed the medical records of patients over 18 years old who underwent lumbar spine surgery and were diagnosed with POUR between January to December 2019. Electroacupuncture was administered at five specific acupuncture points: Qugu (CV2), Zhongji (CV3), Zhibian (BL54), Pangguanshu (BL28), and Kunlun (BL60). This study monitored key parameters related to the effectiveness of the acupuncture treatment, including the number of acupuncture treatment sessions required until a patient was successfully treated was recorded, with a maximum of three acupuncture treatment sessions per patient, the time elapsed until urination following the treatment (minutes), and urinary bladder volume before and after treatment (mL). Results: The study demonstrated a 93.3% success rate in treating POUR with electroacupuncture. A significant reduction in post-void residual volume was noted, and patients could void within 30 minutes post-treatment. No significant differences in treatment effectiveness were observed across difference genders and age groups. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture proved to be a highly effective treatment for POUR in patients post-lumbar spine surgery, with a rapid response time and substantial reduction in PVR. However, the retrospective nature of the study and single-center focus limit its generalizability. Future research incorporating randomized controlled trials or multi-center observational studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the potential of acupuncture in POUR management on a broader scale.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Purpose : To evaluate the effects joint mobilization and McKenzie exercise on the cervical range of motion and tenderness through cervical range of motion(CROM), algometer. Methods : The subjects consisted of thirty five patients. Eighteen underwent McKenzie exercise, seventeen did Joint Mobilization. The joint mobilization group received joint mobilization exercise for about 15 minutes, and McKenzie exercise group received extension, side-flexion, flexion, elevation, exercise for 15 minutes respectively. The test period of each group took place three times a week during 6 weeks. All measurements for each the subject took the following treatment: pre-treatment, treatment in 2 weeks, treatment in 6 weeks, post-treatment in 2 weeks. Results : The flexion, extension and side-flexion CROM of both groups were statistically significant increase within treatment period(p<.05), and also a significant difference within pre-treatment and post-treatment in a 2 week period(p<.05), within treatment in 2 weeks and post-treatment in 2 weeks by checking the extent of effect in the treatment period(p<.05). The trapezius tenderness threshold of both groups were statistically significant increase within treatment period(p<.05), and also significant difference within pre-treatment and post-treatment, within treatment in 2 weeks and post-treatment by checking the extent of effect in the treatment period. Conclusion : Joint mobilization and Mckenzie exercise improved cervical range of motion and tenderness threshold.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.879-887
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 생쥐 신장, 간, 비장 내 축적된 수은의 위치와 아울러서 시간에 따른 수은 농도 변화를 조사하였다. 수은 투여 종료 후 10일, 150일, 300일에 생쥐를 희생하여 수은 농도변화를 분석하였다. 10일에 희생시킨 생쥐 신장의 경우, 근위세뇨관 상피세포의 핵 위쪽 세포질에 수은이 다량으로 분포하였으나, 사구체에는 분포하지 않았다. 간의 경우, 수은이 주로 간문맥 주위에 있는 간세포와 굴모세혈관에 있는 Kupffer 세포에 분포하였다. 10일에 희생시킨 비장의 경우, 백색 수질과 적색 수질에 수은이 흩어져 분포하였다. 수은의 농도 변화에 있어서, 150일과 300일에 희생시킨 신장의 피질과 수질에 축적되어 있던 수은이 낮은 농도로 나타났다. 역시 간세포에 축적되어 있던 수은도 150일과 300일의 경우, 낮은 농도로 나타났다. 비장의 경우, 백수와 적수 조직에 있던 수은 농도가 감소되었다. 이런 결과를 통해 세포나 조직에 축적되어 있던 수은의 위치가 확인되었으며, 또한 이 결과는 기관에 축적되어 있던 수은 농도가 시간이 지남에 따라 자연스럽게 감소된다는 사실을 확인해 주고 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.930-934
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• 2006

This paper reports a change of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) properties by post-treatment process after growth of CNTs. CNTs were treated by thermal method and solution method, and then investigated in detail using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high resolution transmission scanning electron microscopy(HR-TEM), RAMAN spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). FT-IR spectra showed that the amount of hydroxyl generated on surface of CNTs were changed with post-treatment condition. FE-SEM and TEM images were shown CNTs diameter and density variations were dependent with their treatment conditions. RAMAN spectroscopy was shown that carbon nanotubes structure vary with treatment conditions.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2003

This study was aimed at clarifying the effects of sibling-involved .language intervention in children with language disorders. Ten subjects were selected and assigned into two groups (language intervention group with sibling-involvement, and language intervention without sibling-involvement). Group 1 consisted of 5 children with language disorders. Group 2 consisted of 5 children with language disorders without sibling-involvement. To investigate the language and communication ability, Picture Vocabulary Test and the subjects's spontaneous speech sample were analyzed. To compare pre-treatment with post-treatment between two the groups, repeated-measures ANOVA and t-test were used. The results were as follows; First, the language intervention with sibling-involvement was not effective compared to without sibling-involvement in improving the picture vocabulary ability of children with language disorders. There was a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the picture vocabulary ability of the two .groups. However, there was no significant difference in the post-treatment between the two groups. Second, the language intervention with sibling-involvement was more effective compared to without sibling-involvement in improving the semantic aspects of language of children with language disorders. There was a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the number of semantic relations between the two groups in that group 1 showed a higher improvement than group 2. Third, the language intervention with sibling involvement was more effective in improving pragmatic aspects of language of children with language disorders. There was a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the number of communicative intentions of the two groups. And there was a significant difference in the post-treatment between the groups in that group 1 showed a higher improvement than group 2.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2005

This study was aimed to investigate treatment feasibility of leachate from D landfill that is located in gyr대ungbuk. From the analytical results of leachate, organic and nonbiodegradable matters were contained in high concentration. Thus chemical treatment was introduced to degrade nonbiodegradable matters in pre or post biological process. Two types of Fenton oxidation were adapted in this study. The first one is pre treatment process before biological treatment. The second one is post treatment process after biological treatment. The optimal conditions of both treatment methods were investigated as follows. In case of pre treatment process, the optimal conditions appeared in $Fe^{+2}/H_2O_2$(mmol/mmol): 0.1, $H_2O_2/CODcr$(mg/mg): 27.0, pH: 3 and reaction time: 2hrs. On the other hand, in case of post treatment process, the optimal conditions appeared in $Fe^{2+}$(mmol/mmol): 0.14, $H_2O_2/COD_{cr}$(mg/mg): 57.4, pH: 3 and reaction time: 1.25hrs. In the above optimal conditions, high COD removal was obtained in pre and post treatment process. Also it can expect that Fenton oxidation converted nonbiodegradable matters into biodegradable matters.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.246-248
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• 2004

Effects of the post treatment on the fatigue strength of a bead-on-plate weldment were investigated in order to improve fatigue strength of the weldment. The post treatment applied were the grinding of weld toe and hammer peening at the weld toe. The fatigue strength of the weldment after post treatment increases. It is attributed to the decrease of the residual stress and the maximum stress at the weld toe by the post treatments. Based on the result, the principal factor controlling the fatigue strength of the weldment was identified as the toe shape of the bead-on-plate weldment.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1999

In this paper resistance projection weldability of Zn coated steels with post treatment has been discussed. Projection welding was performed by a condenser discharge type power source which was equipped with welding parameter monitoring system. Mechanical test results indicated that the effect of post coatings on the projection front changed showing very small very small spattering at the weld strength was negligible. However, contamination rate of the block electrode varied depending on the post treatment coatings. Test results also showed that projection height before welding should be kept to be 80-100% of the specimen thickness as far as the surface quality was taken into consideration. Based on the high speed photography, discharge condition at the beginning stage of the welding process. It was considered that the spattering reduced the weld strength slightly at the optimum heat input range.