• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 5 weeks self-help management program developed by Kim et al. (2000-b) and reinforced with music therapy for post stroke patients. Method: This was pre-experimental study and the subjects were 14 post stroke hemiplegic patients at home who were registered at the Gunsan Health Center. The program was applied for five weeks and two hours for each session composed of the preparation step, the main step and the finishing step. The contents of the program were ROM exercise, daily activity training, risk factors and aftereffects, nutrition management and stress management. To collect data, all subjects were questioned before and after the application of the program. Collected data were analyzed through frequencies, percentages, Wilcoxen signed rank test and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS-WIN program. Result: After the application of the self-help management program, a statistically significant increase was observed in the subjects' ability to perform activities of daily living (p=.039), ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (p=.005), self-efficacy (p=.001), self-care behavior (p=.001) and quality of life (p=.001), and a statistically significant decrease was observed in depression (p=.012). Conclusion: The present self-help management program was found to be helpful in improving the subjects' physical and psychological functions after they were attacked by stroke, so to be an effective nursing intervention strategy for post stoke patients. Future researches need to reinforce and materialize music therapy and to develop and apply a self-help management program that includes not only post stroke patients but also their families. In addition, it is necessary to expand the scope of subjects and apply follow-up management in order to continue self-help meetings.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.731-736
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• 2010

In this study, the sulfonated SBS cation-exchange membrane was prepared by post-sulfonation. Degree of sulfonation(DS), water-uptake, ion exchange capacity and electrical resistance and conductivity of sulfonated SBS were investigated as a function of sulfonation time. The DS of sulfonated SBS membrane was increased with increasing the reaction time and concentration of sulfuric acid. The maximum value of DS was 24.0%. And also, the water uptake and ion exchange capacity of the sulfonated SBS membrane were increased as increasing the value of DS. The values of water uptake and IEC were 41.2% and 0.80 meq/g, respectively. The electrical resistance and conductivity of the membrane showed $23.6{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ and $4.24{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$, respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.33.1-33.10
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traditional and contracted endodontic cavity (TEC and CEC) preparation with the use of Reciproc Blue (RPC B) and One Curve (OC) single-file systems on the amount of apical debris extrusion in mandibular first molar root canals. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted mandibular first molar teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20) according to the endodontic access cavity shape and the single file system used for root canal preparation (reciprocating motion with the RCP B and rotary motion with the OC): TEC-RPC B, TEC-OC, CEC-RPC B, and CEC-OC. The apically extruded debris during preparation was collected in Eppendorf tubes. The amount of extruded debris was quantified by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from the weight of the Eppendorf tubes containing the debris. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The CEC-RPC B group showed more apical debris extrusion than the TEC-OC and CEC-OC groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of apical debris extrusion among the TEC-OC, CEC-OC, and TEC-RPC B groups. Conclusions: RPC B caused more apical debris extrusion in the CEC groups than did the OC single-file system. Therefore, it is suggested that the RPC B file should be used carefully in teeth with a CEC.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2008

In spray pyrolysis, the effects of the preparation temperature, flow rate of the carrier gas and concentration of the spray solution on characteristics such as the morphology, size, and emission intensity of $Ca_8Mg(SiO_4)_4Cl_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor powders under long-wavelength ultraviolet light were investigated. The phosphor powders obtained post-treatment had a range of micron sizes with regular morphologies. However, the composition, crystal structure and photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor powders were affected by the preparation conditions of the precursor powders. The $Ca_8Mg(SiO_4)_4Cl_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor powders prepared at temperatures that were lower and higher than $700^{\circ}C$ had low photoluminescence intensities due to deficiencies related to the of Cl component. The phosphor powders with the deficient Cl component had impurity peaks of $Ca_2SiO_4$. The optimum flow rates of the carrier gas in the preparation of the $Ca_8Mg(SiO_4)_4Cl_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor powders with high photoluminescence intensities and regular morphologies were between 40 and 60 l/minute. Phosphor powders prepared from a spray solution above 0.5 M had regular morphologies and high photoluminescence intensities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

This study confirmed the effect of the employment support program on college students' grit and employment preparation behavior, and confirmed the post-program experience, change, and need for employment support. Data from a total of 39 people who participated in the employment support program were analyzed. The employment support program was conducted for 8 weeks starting August 29, 2022. A survey were conducted before and after the program, and interviews were conducted with 8 people afterwards. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for data analysis, and interview content was analyzed. As a result of the study, the participants' employment preparation behavior significantly increased after the employment support program was implemented. Also, the employment support program helped prepare for realistic employment and set a direction, and improved confidence in employment. Therefore, expansion of employment support programs and customized employment support to improve college students' employment capabilities are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 1967

The characteristics of enzymic sources and its effective uses concerned with brewing of Yack-Tack Joo which is traditional and popular liquors for all Korean have been studied. Results obtained are as follows; 1)Kock Ja (enrich of fungi and yeast produced in Korean brewery) is found to be weak in its liquifying(600U.) and saccharifying activity(1300U.), so that it is useful to conbine two factors effectively for better brewing. 2) The additional ratio of Kok Ja per materials is seems proper at line of 20 percent for better fermentation and the enzymic preparations inoculated of microorganisms in wheat bran is seems proper at 25 percent line. 3) Adding the enzymic preperation in which the strain Rhyzopus had been inoculated to the experimental mash at 5 percent per material, the rate of fermentation was revealed highest degree than those of else. 4) It is not proper to add a single Bun Kok in fermentation, as it produce much acid in mash during brewing. 5) However, the enzymic preparation composed of Asp usami and Rhyzopus sp. produced less acid in brewing. 6) The increasing of temparature in enzymic samples, temparatures of the mixtured Kuk(Kok Ja and enzymic preparation) are higher than those of single addition at the first stage in pre-fermentation, but there are no differences at the late stage of post-fermentation. 7) Amount of amino acids in the plot of enzymic prepation are found much more than those of single use at late stage of post-fermentation. In the plot of single use of Kock Ja, the amount was the most than else, the proteinase activity is strongest more than else. 8) In the brewing of Korean Tack-Yack-Joo, it is desirable less amount of acidity, more amount of amino acid, stronger liquifaction of starch and vigorous saccharification. Thren it was found that the application of two prepations(Kock Ja and Bun kok) is most effective to get moderate quality in Tack-Yack-Joo brewing.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.435-443
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature according to the preparation sizes of #30, #40 and #50 using three rotary NiTi instruments which have different shaft tapers. Seventy-two simulated root canals in clear resin blocks (Endo Training Bloc; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were divided as following 3 groups according to the file system; the 24 canal blocks prepared with each of ProTaper Universal system (Group P), LightSpeed eXtra system (Group L), and K3 (Group K). The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature. Mean scores of each group were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOV A and Duncan's multiple range test for post-hoc comparison. The results were as followings: 1. Group L showed better centering ratio, followed by K and P. And all experimental groups generally showed increasing tendency of centering ratio as the apical size was increasing from #30 to #50, except at 1 mm level of group P where showed reducing tendency of centering ratio. The smaller the ratio, the better the instrument remained centered in the canal. 2. Group P showed more decrease of canal curvature at all apical shaping size (p < 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the shaft design could affect the quality of canal shaping and the smooth taperless flexible (LightSpeed) shaft design was capable of preparing canals with good morphological characteristics in curved canals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological hazards in the steps of production, transportation and selling of hamburger and sandwich that were marketed in CVS, then to identify methods of control. The reasults are as follows: As the reasult of operation surroundings of manufacturerand reserch of circulation, $4{\sim}6$ hours are needed from manufacturer to CVS. Also transportation car mean temperature was $10^{\circ}C$ which exceeds the standard of $7^{\circ}C$ or below. Hamburger: Critical control points identified were purchasing, cooking, post-preparation, transportation and holding at CVS. As the reasult of microbial analysis following the case of holding methods and reheating at CVS, microbes of cold holding and reheat after cold holding was within standard value. But in the case of room temperature microbes exceeded standard value. Sandwich: Critical control points identified were purchasing, cooking, post-preparation, transportation and holding at CVS. As the reasult of microbial analysis following the case of holding methods and reheating at CVS, total plate counts of cold holding and reheat after cold holding was within standard value. But in the case of room temperature holding after 24 hours total plate counts exceeded standard value. In the case of room temperature holding the number of microbes increased according to the passage of time. As a reasult of food poisoning bacteria, it was negative in every test in sample against V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, S. aureus.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

Vanadium Dioxide has been investigated for use as a "spectrally-selective" window coating to block infrared transmission and reduce the loss of building interior heat through windows. The preparation of thermochromic $VO_2$ powder by the reductive reaction with hydrogen was studied. The reductive reaction method has many advantages of easy and mass production of $VO_2$ powder according to controlled reaction without semi-conductor equipments like sputter and beam evaporator. The reaction temperature, time, concentration of reductive gas, post-annealing condition and W addition as dopant would affect the characterization of $VO_2$ powder and its thermochromism. Many applications for electrical device and energy-saving technologies is expected.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-143
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• 2012

This study, based on a health belief model, examines how baby boomers perceive health and how they are financially preparing for future medical expenses. In addition, the study analyzes which factors influence baby boomers' preparation behaviors for future medical expenses and their perceived sufficiency of the preparation for medical expenses. Through such activities, this study examines baby boomers' current preparation status for future medical expenses, and based on this outcome, will turn the attention of individuals and society toward becoming more concerned with health and increasing health expectancy. For this study, an online survey was conducted targeted at men and women who were born between 1955 and 1963 and live nationwide, and its resultant data were collected. After conducting a 15-day survey in November 2011, a total of 418 questionnaire responses were used for the final analysis. The major findings of this study and their implications are as follows: First, baby boomers' health beliefs and their perceptions of health identified by subjective health conditions were very positive. Second, while there were some partial differences in the influencing factors, health beliefs and perceived health influenced the sufficiency of future medical expenses in the three groups, which were segmented according to how they prepare for future medical expenses-insurance-based, pension-based, and insufficiently prepared groups. Third, the baby boomers selected the national health insurance as the primary means of preparing for post-retirement medical expenses, and backed it up with private health insurance or the national pension. In addition, when baby boomers' perceived sufficiency of future medical expenses were examined, 57.6% of the respondents expressed that their old-age medical expenses were not sufficient. Fourth, in terms of baby boomers' preparation behaviors for future medical expenses, it was revealed that as one recognizes old-age health more seriously, he/she has a higher chance of using insurance and lower chance of using a pension to prepare for medical expenses. Fifth, regarding baby boomers' sufficiency of preparations for future medical expenses, economic factors such as total assets, the sufficiency of retirement assets, and the number of insurance policies, as well as health perceptions, including health beliefs and subjective health conditions, were important influencing factors.