• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2017

The effects of strategic partnership can be positive or negative. This paper intends to explain why the partnership produces opposite results. This paper incorporates strategic behavioral direction and perceived values for relational performance. The conceptual model as well as empirical analysis was made and the results are as follows. First, this study uses bi-directional decomposition of two research constructs. The first construct of perceived values is classified into benefits and risks. Also, the behavioral directions are either active or passive behaviors. The critical path is found that the perceived benefits make significant effects on active behavioral direction which does on commitment. Another path is that the perceived risks make passive behavioral direction which results in opportunistic behaviors between strategically partnered firms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the potential health impacts and improve the quality of the free immunization program in Jinju City by maximizing the predicted positive health gains and minimizing the negative health risks. Methods: A steering committee was established in September 2010 to carry out the health impact assessment (HIA) and began the screening and scoping stages. In the appraisal stage, analysis of secondary data, a literature review, case studies, geographic information systems analysis, a questionnaire, and expert consultations were used. The results of the data collection and analyses were discussed during a workshop, after which recommendations were finalized in a written report. Results: Increased access to immunization, comprehensive services provided by physicians, the strengthened role of the public health center in increasing immunization rates and services, and the ripple effect to other neighboring communities were identified as potential positive impacts. On the other hand, the program might be inaccessible to rural regions with no private clinics where there are more at-risk children, vaccine management and quality control at the clinics may be poor, and vaccines may be misused. Recommendations to maximize health gains and minimize risks were separately developed for the public health center and private clinics. Conclusions: The HIA provided an opportunity for stakeholders to comprehensively overview the potential positive and negative impacts of the program before it was implemented. An HIA is a powerful tool that should be used when developing and implementing diverse health-related policies and programs in the community.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as an alternative testing of invasive diagnostic testing in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of pregnant women with abnormal ultrasound findings before 24 weeks of gestation between April 2016 and March 2017. Abnormal ultrasound findings included isolated increased nuchal translucency, structural anomalies, and soft markers. The NIPT or diagnostic test was conducted and NIPT detected trisomy 21 (T21), T18, T13 and sex chromosomal abnormalities. We analyzed the false positive and residual risks of NIPT based on the ultrasound findings. Results: During the study period, 824 pregnant women had abnormal ultrasound findings. Among the study population, 139 patients (16.9%) underwent NIPT. When NIPT was solely performed in the patients with abnormal ultrasound findings, overall false positive risk was 2.2% and this study found residual risks of NIPT. However, the discordant results of NIPT differed according to the type of abnormal ultrasound findings. Discordant results were significant in the group with structural anomalies with 4.4% false positive rate. However, no discordant results were found in the group with single soft markers. Conclusion: This study found different efficacy of NIPT according to the ultrasound findings. The results emphasize the importance of individualized counseling for prenatal screening or diagnostic test based on the type of abnormal ultrasound.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.220-226
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• 2022

Background: Research on the impact of psychosocial risks on well-being at work remains scarce in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the banking sector. This study sought to examine the relationships between job demands, job resources, well-being, job satisfaction, and work engagement in the Zimbabwean banking sector. Methods: An online survey was administered to 259 employees from five banks. Hierarchical multiple regression tested the relationships between job demands (quantitative demands, emotional demands, work pace, and work-family conflict), job resources (possibilities for development, social support from colleagues and supervisors, quality of leadership, and influence at work), well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Interactions between all variables were tested. Results: Job demands were negatively related to well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Job resources had positive relationships with the same. Work pace had positive relationships with well-being and work engagement. Influence at work moderated the relationship between emotional demands and work pace with well-being. Possibilities for development moderated the relationship between work-family conflict and well-being. Work-family conflict moderated the relationship between social support from colleagues and job satisfaction. Emotional demands, work pace, and quantitative demands moderated the relationship between influence at work with job satisfaction and work engagement. Conclusion: Job demands should be reduced where possible in order to enhance employee well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. The job resources that should be availed to facilitate a positive psychosocial work environment in the banking sector include social support from supervisors, influence at work, and possibilities for development.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1980

Open heart surgery patients have additional risks arising from the special nature of the operative procedure. And postoperative infections in patients with extracorporeal circulation are associated with high incidence of serious sequelae. To investigate the incidence and organisms of contamination, and the relation between the duration of extracorporeal circulation and contamination, following study was done. Eighty-four of the open heart surgery patients were examined with cultures from the blood and priming solution before and after bypass. 1. Cultures before bypass were sterile, but 2 cases of cultures from the blood and priming solution after bypass were positive, and culture positive group was 5% of all patients. 2. The organisms were Gram-negative, aerobic coliform bacilli; 3. The culture positive group had significantly longer bypass time.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-57
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• 2018

We propose network effects upon the investment decision of cloud-based ERP. Using the survey data collected from 82 companies in 2015, we examine whether IT managers have an intention to adopt real options in order to manage the risk of cloud-based ERP investments and how the network effects influence upon the intention to adopt real options. Based on prior literature, we propose a research model with 4 hypotheses. We find partial support of the hypotheses from the empirical analysis: technological risks has a positive impact upon the adoption of real options such as defer, contract, and abandon. In contrast, we find no significant impact of security risks upon real options. We validate positive network effects upon the adoption of real options such as defer, contract, and abandon. This work empirically find that IT managers in Korean middle and small sized firms have an intention to adopt real options when the managers realize economic, technological, and relationship risks and when they expect network effects.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-166
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• 2008

This paper reports the empirical results of comparing the willingness to pay(WTP) for health risk reductions and the willingness to accept(WTA) for risk increases using experimental market methods in the first time in Korea. Health risks were defined as probabilities of premature death from exposure to one of As, Pb, and THM in tap water. A total of six experimental markets with 15 participants in each experiments were held using 20 repetitive Vickrey second-price sealed-bid auctions. To compare the effects of market experiences, trading a marketed good, candy bar, was introduced before the trading the non-marketed good, drinking water risks. Moreover, an objective risk information was provided after the first 10 trials to incorporate learning processes. Regardless of marketed or non-marketed goods, the mean of WTA exceeded the mean of WTP at the first auction trial. As experimental trials proceeded, the disparity between WTA and WTP for marketed goods disappeared. However results for non-marketed goods were rather mixed to the extent that WTA for health risks from As (relatively high risk leves) were significantly larger than WTP, while there were no significant difference between WTA and WTP for health risks fro Pb and THM (relatively low risk levels). On the other hand, participants seemed to respond in a 'rational' manner to the objective risk information provided, with positive learning effects of market-like experience(especially in the WTA experiments).

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.609-623
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• 2017

Fur apparel is a representative luxury item that displays wealth and social status; however, it is also recognized as an unethical product criticized for its animal maltreatment in the production process. Understanding consumer responses to an ambivalent object, such as fur apparel, is an important research topic both academically and practically. This study investigates the hierarchical effects of perceived benefits and risks of fur apparel on consumers' emotions and purchase intention by applying the ABC model of attitudes to identify the mediating effects of consumer emotions. An online survey was conducted on 390 female consumers that verified hypotheses through structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis using phantom variables. The initial results of the survey showed that the relationship between perceived conspicuous benefits and purchase intention towards fur apparel was partially mediated by positive emotion. Second, the relationship between perceived epistemic benefits and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive emotion. Third, the relationship between perceived ethical risk and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive and negative emotions. Fourth, perceived social risk did not affect the purchase intention of fur apparel significantly. The results support that cognitive beliefs about the subject have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions through emotions as suggested in the ABC model of the attitude. This study provides an in-depth understanding of consumer responses to ambivalent objects by revealing the individual mediating effects of consumers' positive and negative emotions.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-171
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• 2018

Due to its nature, business foundation accompanies high levels of risk taking and responsibility. For this reason, entrepreneurs come to experience various negative emotions in the process of business foundation such as anxiety about risks, fear of failure, and pressure of success. However, entrepreneurs' negative emotions reduce individual inclinations for business foundation. Thus, it is necessary to research individual psychological characteristics that could reduce and attenuate entrepreneurs' negative emotions. To this end, this study examined the effects of Self-forgiveness, and Narcissism, psychological motivation variables, and Positive psychological capital and Career ambition, goal motivation variables, on entrepreneurial intentions. In order to verify research hypotheses, 326 questionnaires collected from prep-entrepreneurs were used for the empirical analysis. Looking at the analysis results, Self-forgiveness, Narcissism, Positive psychological capital and Career ambition had significant effects on entrepreneurial intentions. This study has a meaning in that it confirmed the influential relationship between the psychological characteristics reducing entrepreneurs' negative emotions and entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, this study suggested its implications, limitations, and future research directions based on the study results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.889-901
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• 2010

This study examines the relationship between perceived risk and regret, the influence of regret, and the regret-solution effort upon post-purchase behavior. These causal pathways are controlled by moderated different impulse buying types. The results of the study are three-fold. First, consumers with high social and convenience risks resulted in the high levels of regret. Second, the higher the regret then the higher the negative purchase intention and the lower the positive purchase intention. Consumers who emphasize the regret-solution have high positive purchase intentions and the low negative purchase intentions. Lastly, as for the influence of the regret upon the negative purchase intention, the 'recollection impulse buying type' has the greatest influence among all other types. No impulse buying types have a positive influence on purchase intention. As for the influence of the regret-solution efforts on the positive purchase intention, the 'pure impulse buying type' had the greatest influence. Only the 'suggestion impulse buying type' influenced the negative purchase behavior intention. The post-purchase intention depends on the level and the degree of the regret-solution efforts of the consumer. This study contributes to the examination of the different impulse buying types that influence the moderators in the causal pathway of the risk perception to the post-purchase buying behavior.