• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.79-98
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• 2013

This study examined the effect of parenting knowledge and mother-caregiver relationship on maternal parenting stress. The participants in this study consisted of 297 mothers of 1~3 years old children at daycare centers in Daegu, Korea. The participants completed questionnaires on their parenting knowledge, mother-caregiver relationship, and parenting stress. The results indicated that mothers' parenting knowledge and parenting stress were not-significantly related, but mother-caregiver relationship and mothers'parenting stress were significantly related. A close look at the effect of parenting knowledge and mother-caregiver relationship on maternal parenting stress, while maternal parenting knowledge did not influenced directly parenting stress, mother-caregiver relationship was a significant variable predicting mother's parenting stress. In particular, when a mother and caregiver develop a positive relationship, maternal parenting stress was lower. These results seem to indicate that the positive relationship between mother and caregiver is very important.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2019

This paper provides empirical evidences from the Baltic States on the relationship between technology and trades. In this study, regression and correlation analysis were employed an attempt to reveal the relationship between technology index and net-export coefficient, as well as the relationship between technology index and import coefficient. In this research, technology level was measured by technology index, while trades included of domestic and foreign trades; export and import. The data used for this study were collected from world input-output databases of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for the period 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. The findings remarked that the relationship between technology and domestic trade was positive and statistically significant. The result of the study implies that the higher was the technology index leads to the higher domestic transaction. Furthermore, relationship between technology and net-export was unpredictable. In year 2000, data from Estonia and Latvia showed that the relationship between variables was negative and in other years of the study, the relationship was positive. However, the relationship between variables was not statistically significant. Lastly, the relationship between technology and import was negative and statistically significant. It implies that the higher was technology index, will have a consequence the smaller was import.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-57
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• 2014

There has been recognition of the increasing importance of cooperation as an element of marketing strategy. Such cooperation is confined to four levels based on product development, sales promotion, pricing arrangements, and place (or distribution) mechanisms as the usual marketing 4Ps mixed (Varadarajan 1986). At present, however, little is known about the nature of tie-in promotion as a cooperative sales promotion comparing three other levels. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effect of consumer - tie-in promotion relationship on loyalty. The construct of consumer - tie-in promotion relationship is based on the previous research on consumer-brand relationship. In addition, this study divides the concept of loyalty into host brand loyalty and partner brand loyalty to reflect the characteristics of tie-in promotion including program in order to determine the effect of the consumer - tie-in promotion relationship on loyalty. The results showed that the three dimensions of the consumer - tie-in promotion relationship (i.e., commitment, intimacy, and interdependence) had significantly positive effect on program loyalty. The effect of program loyalty is significantly on both host and partner brand loyalty. This study empirically tested the relationships among consumer - tie-in promotion relationship, program loyalty, host brand loyalty, and partner brand loyalty, and then compared with the difference in the suggested model for the target customers and non-target customers. As a result, for target customers, intimacy and interdependence among dimensions of consumer - tie-in promotion relationship had significantly positive influence on program loyalty. In case of non-target customers, however, commitment and interdependence among dimensions of consumer - tie-in promotion relationship had significantly positive influence on program loyalty. Also, program loyalty had significantly positive impact on host brand loyalty and partner brand loyalty in both target and non-target customers. This study has significance in that it addresses the need to identify research and academic implications by analyzing the consumer - tie-in promotion relationship to determine the relationship between tie-in promotion and loyalty, which has not been clearly described by previous studies. Furthermore, this study builds a foundation for firms and managers actively using tie-in promotion to establish tie-in promotion strategies that can maximize loyalty for both host and partner brands from the consumers' point of view.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2020

In this paper, we show the career path of college students from the perspective of positive psychology. Specifically we conducted the study to investigate a role of grit in the relationship between college students' occupational calling and academic achievement and career stress. 151 college students participated in this study and they completed the Korean version of the Calling and Vocational Questionnaire, Grit Scale, and Career Stress Scale. To assess their academic achievement, participants agreed to obtain their GPA from online system. The results of this study showed that occupational calling had a positive correlation with academic achievement and negatively correlated with career stress. In addition, it was confirmed that grit mediated the relationship between calling and academic achievement and career stress. Based on these results, the positive effects of occupational calling of college students, implications of this study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.790-800
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• 2002

Brand relationship, which refers to the bond between brands and consumers, plays an important role in marketing due to its positive or negative effects on consumer behavior. The goals of this research were 1) to identify the types of brand relationships between young female consumers and apparel brands, and 2) to examine the influence of brand relationships over consumers'favorable attitudes and strong attachment (durability) to the brands. For the purpose of this study, ten casual wear brands, which are highly perceived by and popular with high school and university female students, were chosen by a preliminary inquiry. And then focused group interviews were performed to develop a questionnaire. The main examination was performed from August 20 to September 12, 2000, using five types of surveys each of which contained two brands. SPSS 8.0 was used for factor analysis and recession analysis. Four types of brand relationships were categorized based on the results of factor analysis: self-devotion, intimacy, rejection and trust. Each factor showed significant influence on both positive altitude and durability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2012

The study examined the moderating effects of the relationship among purchase motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty in a farmer-to-consumer direct market. Data were collected from 426 consumers of direct sale agricultural products who visited nine rural villages across the country. The SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.80 statistical package were used for frequency, reliability, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and path analysis. Results showed that 'product factor', 'experience factor' and 'economic factor' among purchase motivation had positive effects on satisfaction and satisfaction had positive effects on loyalty. The analysis also indicated that gender moderated the relationship among purchase motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty. Whereas product and economic factors among purchase motivations had positive effects on satisfaction in the male group, product and experience motivation were important factors for female group. These results could enable direct sales marketers to develop marketing techniques to expand farm sales.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of subjective recognition for oral health in HBsAg positive carriers based on the data of the $5^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods : A statistical package SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between oral health status and subjective oral health awareness based on data of the $5^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results : The subjective poor oral health was found in those who had mastication and speaking discomfort and those having dental prosthesis. Conclusions : The respondents considered themselves to be in poor oral health when the subjective systemic health status and objective oral health status were worse.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2010

This paper reviewed the relationship between organizational culture and service quality, and the moderating effect of tenure in service business. Based on the responses from 586 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that rational culture and affiliation culture have positive relationships with all service quality factors. The results of moderating analysis showed that rational culture has more positive relationships with tangibleness, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy in which tenure is longer. Also progressive culture has more positive relationship with empathy in which tenure is longer.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.603-610
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to define the relationship of sport commitment and re-participation intension in marine sports participant. For the purposes of this study, yachting, windsurfing, scuba diving, and mariner sports canoe total of 200 targets the participants involved in the survey. The results of exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis to analyze the construct validity and internal consistency were found to comply with the standard. Therefore, as a result of the correlation and regression analysis to analyze the relationship between the sport commitment and re-participation intension, the correlation between each variable and showed a positive correlation. Also, cognitive behavioral commitment and engagement of the sport commitment of marine sports enthusiasts was found on both the positive effect on the re-participation intension. As a result, the sport commitment turned out to be an important factor immersed in marine sports participation. In addition, it is believed to be on ways to increase positive emotions in empirical terms.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2008

This paper deals with an empirical study to statistically analyse various business performance on research and development(R&D) as an independent variables. The major results of statistical analyses have come up with the followings : First, the regression analyses between the growth rate and the opportunity of education showed the positive relationship. Second, the regression analyses between the productivity and the expenses of R&D showed the positive relationship. Third, the regression analyses between the profit and the mutual cooperation showed the positive relationship.