• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2018

This note, we first show that the famous Carleman's inequality can be improved if we find a positive sequence $\{c_n\}$ such that $c_n{\sum\limits_{j=n}^{\infty}}{\frac{1}{j\(\prod_{k=1}^{j}ck\)^{\frac{1}{j}}}}$ < e. Then we list a lot of known results in the literature improving Carleman's inequality by this method. These results can be a good source to a further research for interested students. We next consider about similar improvement of Polya-Knopp's inequality, which is a continuous version of Carleman's inequality. We show by a manner parallel to the case of Carleman's inequality that Polya-Knopp's inequality can be improved if we find a positive function c(x) such that $c(x){\int}_{x}^{\infty}\frac{1}{t\;{\exp}\(\frac{1}{t}{\int}_{0}^{t}{\ln}\;c(s)\;ds\)}dt$ < e. But there are no known results improving Polya-Knopp's inequality by this method. Suggesting to find a new method, we lastly show that there is no nice continuous function c(x) that satisfies the inequality.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.428-438
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual attention of elementary school students according to the editorial design of the 2007 2009 revised elementary science textbook 'Structure and function of our body'. For this purpose, eye movements were collected while elementary school students were watching real textbooks wearing mobile eye tracker. The BeGaze 3.7 program of SMI company was used analyzing eye movements. Twenty-six elementary school students participated voluntarily in mobile tracking research. Elementary students learned the contents of textbook related to 'digestive organ' and 'respiratory organ' by using double reading learning strategy. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of pre- and post-knowledge tests, there was no statistically significant difference in learning effect between 2007 revised and 2009 revised textbook editing design. Second, elementary school students tended to give more visual attention to text than textbook illustrations. Third, the selective attention and persistent attention of elementary students showed a very strong positive correlation (.940), but the selective attention and self-control showed a strong positive correlation (.499). Fourth, students with high level of attention and low level showed high visual occupancy in text than in illustrations. Fifth, elementary school students preferred the 2009 revised science textbook to the 2007 revised.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.101-129
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• 2018

From an analytical perspective, we introduce a sequence of Cartier operators that act on the field of formal Laurent series in one variable with coefficients in a field of positive characteristic p. In this work, we discover the binomial inversion formula between Hasse derivatives and Cartier operators, implying that Cartier operators can play a prominent role in various objects of study in function field arithmetic, as a suitable substitute for higher derivatives. For an applicable object, the Wronskian criteria associated with Cartier operators are introduced. These results stem from a careful study of two types of Cartier operators on the power series ring ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] in one variable T over a finite field ${\mathbf{F}}_q$ of q elements. Accordingly, we show that two sequences of Cartier operators are an orthonormal basis of the space of continuous ${\mathbf{F}}_q$-linear functions on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]]. According to the digit principle, every continuous function on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] is uniquely written in terms of a q-adic extension of Cartier operators, with a closed-form of expansion coefficients for each of the two cases. Moreover, the p-adic analogues of Cartier operators are discussed as orthonormal bases for the space of continuous functions on ${\mathbf{Z}}_p$.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.129-151
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• 2009

This paper presents a meshfree procedure using a convex generalized meshfree (GMF) approximation for the large deformation analysis of particle-reinforced rubber compounds on microscopic level. The convex GMF approximation possesses the weak-Kronecker-delta property that guarantees the continuity of displacement across the material interface in the rubber compounds. The convex approximation also ensures the positive mass in the discrete system and is less sensitive to the meshfree nodal support size and integration order effects. In this study, the convex approximation is generated in the GMF method by choosing the positive and monotonic increasing basis function. In order to impose the periodic boundary condition in the unit cell method for the microscopic analysis, a singular kernel is introduced on the periodic boundary nodes in the construction of GMF approximation. The periodic boundary condition is solved by the transformation method in both explicit and implicit analyses. To simulate the interface de-bonding phenomena in the rubber compound, the cohesive interface element method is employed in corporation with meshfree method in this study. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure in the large deformation analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1671-1677
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• 2006

A total of two hundred twenty eight half-sib chickens were scored for allele size at 20 microsatellite loci to estimate individual heterozygosity and mean $d^2$. The averages of microsatellite heterozygosity, allele per locus and mean $d^2$ were 0.39, 3.6 and 49, respectively. The body weight was measured biweekly from birth to twelve weeks of age. Gompertz function was assumed to simulate body weight and to estimate the growth model parameters. Due to sex effect on body weight, the regression of body weight on heterozygosity as well as on mean $d^2$ in males and females was analyzed separately in the present study. Positive correlations were found between microsatellite heterozygosity and body weight in males and females (p<0.05). Positive correlation also observed between individual heterozygosity and simulated maximum daily gain estimated from Gompertz function in female chickens (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between mean $d^2$ and body weight. The results suggest that local effect hypothesis could explain the correlations between heterozygosity and fitness-related traits in the domesticated chicken population, rather than the general effect hypothesis does.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 2009

The area under the curve(AUC) is commonly used as a measure of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve which displays the performance of a set of binary classifiers for all feasible ratios of the costs associated with true positive rate(TPR) and false positive rate(FPR). In the bipartite ranking problem where one has to compare two different observations and decide which one is "better", the AUC measures the quantity that ranking score of a randomly chosen sample in one class is larger than that of a randomly chosen sample in the other class and hence, the function which maximizes an AUC of bipartite ranking problem is different to the function which maximizes (minimizes) accuracy (misclassification error rate) of binary classification problem. In this paper, we develop a way to construct the unified framework for AUC maximizer including support vector machines based on maximizing large margin and logistic regression based on estimating posterior probability. Moreover, we develop an efficient algorithm for the proposed unified framework. Numerical results show that the propose unified framework can treat various methodologies successfully.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest the Influence of road capital to industry and productivity growth in South Korea. METHODS : Based on the literature review, The relevant policy questions addressed in this report are : cost reduction and Scale elasticities of road, effect of road capital stock on demand for labor, capital and materials, marginal effect of road, industry TFP growth decomposition. RESULTS : The marginal benefits of the road capital at the industry level were calculated using the estimated cost elasticities. Demand for the road capital services varies across industries as do the marginal effects. The marginal benefits are positive for the principal industries. This suggests that for these industries the existing stock of road capital may be under supplied. The contribution of road capital to TFP growth is positive in principal industries. The main contribution of road capital is in the manufacturing industries ; the magnitudes of contribution varies among industries. These results indicate that growth in exogenous demand is most important contributor to TFP growth. CONCLUSIONS : The road capital have a significant effect on employment, private capital and demand for materials inputs in all industries. At a given level of output, an increase in road capital lead to variety to demand for all inputs in all industries.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an oral health promotion program. And suggest that education on oral health should be given by a professional. Methods : Sixty-four people over the age of 65 years were selected from three elderly care facility located in Gyeongsangbuk-do, A city. From June 7 to August 19, 2016, an oral health promotion program was given to two experimental groups (N=21 and 20) for a total of eight times. One program was conducted by a professional and the other by a non-professional although both were considered experts. Additionally, a control group(N=23) was a observed. Results : While both experimental groups showed a positive change from the oral health promotion program, the experimental group that was given the oral health promotion program by a professional showed more positive changes in oral cavity function. Conclusions : By using professionals, it is possible to provide a health promotion program that actively monitors the oral cavity of the elderly as well as provide elderly care services for oral hygiene. Appropriate elderly health policies and oral health business model for elderly are needed.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - The operating mechanism between education input and economic growth is a mysterious proposition that has attracted a vast array of scholars' interests to study on it. Therefore, this paper sets China as an example to analyze the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Research design and methodology - The annual time series from 1990 to 2017 will be employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector autoregressive model. The education input is treated as an factor that impacts the economic growth such as labor input and capital input. Meanwhile, the education input will be added to the Cobb-Douglas production function to form a new one so as to explore the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Results - According to the results of empirical analysis, it can be found that the education input has an increasingly positive effect on economic growth. Simultaneously, the economic growth also has a positive effect on education input, but this kind of effect is not steady. Of course, the labor input and the capital input also can promote the economic growth to some degree. Conclusions - The education input is one of most important inputs for a country. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper suggests that the China's government should put more emphasis on the education input so to make its economy develop well.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Purpose - Because of the development of smartphone and communication technology, Smart TV programs are filled with various contents and applications. This study included additional individual variables like innovativeness and self-efficacy, and characteristics of smart TV are both user-interface and function as exogenous factors based on TAM model. So, this study focuses on identifying the influencing factors of continuous use intention of smart TV traits and user ones and analyzing how they make influences on them in China market. Research design, data, and methodology - Totally 182 samples were adopted as appropriate ones for analysis in this study. They were collected from 20 February 2016 to 10 March 2016. Results - The results are as follows. First, function has positive influence on perceived usefulness. Second, innovation and user-interface make affirmative influences on perceived easiness. Third, perceived easiness has affirmative influence on perceived usefulness. Fourth, the perceived easiness and perceived usefulness make positive ones on continuous use intention. Fifth, perceived ease of use affects significantly on perceived usefulness. Conclusions - According to the findings, they (smart TV traits and user traits), influencing on continuous use intention, are possible to give significant implications on persistent development in China smart TV market.