• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

This study was conducted to make certain that the intramuscular fat score at 13th rib could represent the fat content of whole loin from Hanwoo in Korea beef grading system. A total 42 loins from 23 carcasses of grade $1^{{+}{+}}$, 16 carcasses of grade $1^+$, and 3 carcasses of grade 1 of Hanwoo were used for this study. The crude fat content and intramuscular fat score at the $1^{st}$, $6^{th}$, and $13^{th}$ rib, and the last lumbar position of loin were measured. The crude fat content was the highest at the $6^{th}$ rib of loin from the carcasses of grade $1^{{+}{+}}$ and $1^+$ (p<0.05). There were no significant difference of the intramuscular fat scores measured by image analysis and beef marbling score (BMS) between the 6th and $13^{th}$ rib of loin from the carcasses of $1^{{+}{+}}$ and $1^+$ and that were significantly higher than intramuscular fat scores at the $1^{st}$ rib and the last lumbar position of the loin. From the results, we conclude that the intramuscular fat score at the $13^{th}$ rib can represent the fat content of loin when meat graders decide the grade of Hanwoo carcass.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

For the efficient and stable operation of autonomous vehicles or advanced driver assistance systems being actively studied nowadays, it is important to determine the positions of the vehicle accurately and economically. A satellite based navigation system is mainly used for positioning, but it has a limitation in signal blockage areas. To overcome this limitation, sensor fusion methods including additional sensors such as an inertial navigation system have been mainly proposed but the high sensor cost has been a problem. In this work, we develop a vehicle position estimation algorithm using in-vehicle sensors and a low-cost imaging sensor without any expensive additional sensor. We determine the vehicle positions using the velocity and yaw-rate of a car from the in-vehicle sensors and the position and attitude of the camera based on the single photo resection process. For the evaluation, we built a prototype system, acquired test data using the system, and estimated the trajectory. The proposed algorithm shows the accuracy of about 40% higher than an in-vehicle sensor only method.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 2010

The aim of the study on the tactical object representation techniques in synthetic environment is on acquiring fundamental techniques for detection and tracking of tactical objects, and evaluating the strategic situation in the virtual ground. In order to acquire these techniques, there need the tactical objects' position tracking and evaluation, and an inter-sharing technique between tactical models. In this paper, we study the algorithms on the sensor data fusion and coordinate conversion, proportional navigation guidance(PNG), and pursuit-evasion technique for engineering and higher level models. Additionally, we simulate the position evaluation of tractical objects using the pursuit and evasion maneuvers between a submarine and a torpedo.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.318-328
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the position and movements of the hyoid bone during deglutition in patients with open bite. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of anterior open bite. The open bite group (OBG) and control group each comprised 18 patients with a mean overbite of $-4.9{\pm}1.9$ mm and $1.9{\pm}0.7$ mm. The position of the hyoid bone during the 4 stages of deglutition was evaluated by measuring vertical and horizontal movement of the bone. Results: Interactions of group and stage showed no significant effect on the measurements (p > 0.05). However, when group and stage were evaluated individually, they showed significant effects on the measurements (p < 0.001). In OBG, the hyoid bone was more inferiorly and posteriorly positioned, and this position continued during the deglutition stages. Conclusions: The hyoid bone reaches the maximum anterior position at the oral stage and maximum superior position at the pharyngeal stage during deglutition. Open bite does not change the displacement pattern of the bone during deglutition. The hyoid bone is positioned more inferiorly and posteriorly in patients with open bite because of released tension on the suprahyoid muscles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 2010

We investigated the effects of trunk twist on postural stability during manually handling flat ties. Ten male subjects participated in this study. While handling 5kgf and 10kgf bundles of flat ties respectively, their centers of pressure (COPs) were measured under two levels of body position (twisted and fixed), two levels of direction (left and right), and three levels of object position ($30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$). Subjects' postural stability was quantified by calculating the sway length. Results showed that the effect of different object position was significant on postural sway length in subject's medio-lateral axis. Post-hoc multiple comparions revealed that, under the 5kgf load condition, the sway length was increased significantly as the object position increased to $45^{\circ}$. Under the 10kgf load condition, however, the sway length was increased significantly at the object position of $60^{\circ}$. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines for the design of working posture evaluation techniques.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1979

For the clearer visualization of the lung apices in the routine chest P-A view, we have analysed the films at the different positions and different directions of the central X-ray beams. The brief results are as the follows. 1. Best visualization of the lung apices are made with the following position of the patient and central ray. Central ray is directed to the median sagittal plane at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra with the palms of the hands placing at the greater trochanteric area of the both femurs. 2. The position of the sterno-clavicular joint shows no alteration between the radiographs with the central beam to the film center and to the 5th thoracic vertebra, and position of the hands at the greater trochanters or iliac crests. 3. No relationship exists between the center of the film and the position of the hand. The central beam is projected more inferiorly when the beam is centered to the film center than to the 5th thoracic vertebra. 4. The scapulae are rotated sufficiently anteriorly and more inferiorly, with placing the palms at the greater trochanters, directing central ray to the 5th thoracic vertebra, and with close contact the lung apices to the cassette.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.150-155
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• 2016

To evaluate the autofocusing performance of recent mobile phone cameras, it is necessary to determine the peak position of the center field MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), -known as the through focus MTF- of the module. However, the MTF peak position found by conventional methods deviates from the ideal position due to the focus scanning resolution of mobile phone cameras. This inaccurate peak position results in false judgements of the optical performance, leading to yield losses or customer complaints. An increase in the focus scanning resolution can address this problem, but the manufacturing UPH (Unit per Hour) level will also unfortunately increase as well, resulting in a loss of manufacturing capabilities. In this paper, several fitting models are studied to find an accurate MTF peak position within a short period of time. With an analysis of a large amount of manufacturing data, it is demonstrated that the fitting methods can reduce false judgements and simultaneously increase the capabilities of the manufacturing system.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.531-541
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• 2016

Cerebral atrophy affects the brain and is a common feature of patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's diseases. It is evaluated by the radiologist or reader based on patient's history, age and the space between the brain and the skull as indicated by magnetic resonance (MR) images. A total of 70 patients were scanned in the supine and prone positions before three radiologist assessed their atrophy level. This study examined the radiologist's assessment of the cerebral atrophy level using a graded response model of item response theory (IRT). A graded response model (GRM) is fitted to our data and then item-fit and person-fit statistics are evaluated to assess the fitted model. Our analysis found that the cerebral atrophy level is better discriminated by readers in the prone position because all item slopes were greater than 2 at this position, versus the supine position where all the slope parameters were less than 1. However, the thresholds are very similar for the first reader and are quite different for the second and third readers because the scanning position affects readers differently as the category threshold estimates vary considerably between the readers..

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.325-328
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the directions of neck rotation position on the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor muscle. Methods: Forty-one healthy adults participated in this study. The subjects were asked to their elbow 90° flexion in three different neck rotations (neutral, ipsilateral, and contralateral) in the sitting position. The muscle activities of the biceps and triceps brachii muscle were measured using surface electromyography. And the muscle strength of the elbow flexor was measured using dynamometer. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity and strength of the elbow flexor and extensor depending on the different neck turning directions. Results: There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. But, there was no significant difference in the triceps brachii muscle activity in comparison with the neck rotation. There were significant differences between contralateral neck rotation and ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation and neutral position. Conclusion: To summarize this study, the elbow flexor and extensor muscle activity and strength was highest in the contralateral neck rotation position. In other words, it was possible to confirm the effect of Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex in healthy adults whose primitive reflexes were inhibition, and head and neck positions should be considered during clinical evaluation and treatment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.597-607
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sign language video location in e-learning system for the hearing-impaired. Background: E-learning education is a good way to resolve the inequality of education for the disabled. Providing a sign language video in e-learning education for the hearing-impaired is very important for their learning. Although the location of sign language video is an important factor in the design of the video, the effect of its location in learning using the e-learning system was not studied. Method: In order to identify the effect of sign language video location on the learning of the hearing-impaired using the e-learning system, the prototypes of the system with different locations were developed. Eighteen people with hearing impairment participated in this experiment. Learning presence, learning immersion, and learning satisfaction were used to measure learning effects with sign language video location. Results: Bottom right position was more preferred through preference evaluation for sign language video location. The learning effect with sign language video location (bottom-left and bottom-right) was not significant. That is, the effects of learning presence, immersion, and satisfaction were not statistically significant with video location. Conclusion: From this study, the following have to be considered in e-learning system design for the hearing-impaired. Although the location of a sign language video is not a significant factor from the experiment, the bottom right position in the design is proposed because learning presence and satisfaction is slightly higher at the bottom right position, and the position is preferred from subjective evaluation. From the analysis of interview data, it was also proposed that the design of a sign language video should be improved for the hearing-impaired. Application: The result of this study can be applied to the e-learning system design for the hearing-impaired.