• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.638-641
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• 1992

In this paper, a hybrid position/force control scheme is proposed. The control scheme modifies the position command for force control against constraint surface of environment and is very simply designed and implemented. The merits of the control scheme are that it can cope with change of constraint conditions and small position inaccuracy of the environment. A constraint surface position observer is also proposed to reduce disturbances on controlled force.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.883-888
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• 2011

The UAV tracking antenna system based on GPS has a characteristic of update of position information which can occurs a position error. To reduce the position error, UAV tracking antenna system separates period of GPS update-rate and predicts the position of UAV using divided time points. These process improves the tracking performance of UAV. To predict the position of UAV by divided time points, we used a linear kalman filter based on the velocity and acceleration. Using this system, we measured velocity and acceleration according to the change of position. Finally, we can predict the change of position on divided time points.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.489-496
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an effect of change on head posture initial occlusal contacts with measuring the distances between initial occlusal contacts and maximum intercuspal position at different head posture in TMDs patient. For this study, 24 patients from age 13 to 36 were selected, they were examined health history taken, patients who have sign and symptoms of TMDs were examine before the study. For the normal group, 21 adults from age 23 to 25 were selected. They have normal or class I molar relationship, and have no other prosthetic restorations. Difference on distance between initial occlusal contact and maximum intercuspal position with mandibular kinesiograph$(MKG^R)$(K6 diagnostic system, Myo-tronic Inc, USA) in upright, supine, 45$^{\circ}$ extension, 30$^{\circ}$ flexion position of the head were measured. The Frankfort horizontal plane was used as a reference plane. The results were as follows : 1. There were significant differences between initial occlusal contacts of the normal and patient group on upright position and 30$^{\circ}$ flexion of the head(p<0.05, p<0.01) 2. The position of the initial occlusal contacts have a tendency to place anterior and inferior to maximal intercuspal position in upright position and 30( flexion of the head as well as posterior and inferior in supine position and 45$^{\circ}$ extension of the head in the normal and patient groups. 3. There were significant differences among the initial occlusal contacts between uptight and supine position; upright and 45$^{\circ}$ extension of the head(p<0.05); supine position and 30$^{\circ}$ flexion of the head, .and 30(flexion and 45$^{\circ}$ extension of the head in the patient group(p<0.01) The result have shown that after treatment on the supine position, it may be necessary to check occlusal contact on the upright position as well ass flexion of the head. It may need careful adjustment in occlusal condition on upright position of TMDs patient.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2016

Chest lateral decubitus is a chest examination to determine the persence of pleural fluid in thorax. In this study, we prepare recumbent holding position time standard of chest lateral decubitus. The records of 15 patients with chest lateral decubitus between May and Jun. Recumbent holding time is 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240 seconds. The result is fluid level change between 0.88mm to 9.63. Fluid heigh change between 9.9 percent to 42.5 percent. We can confirm fluid level change with chest decubitus image. The proper time for fluid level change is 180 seconds.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 1984

The authors analyzed the morphological change of bone structure from 3,140 radiographs (1570 joints) of 785 patients with temporomandibular joint arthrosis, which were obtained by the oblique lateral transcranial projection and orthopantomographs. The interrelation of bone change and clinical symptoms, duration of the diseases were examined. Also, the bone changes of articular eminence, condyle, articular fossa were examined according to positional change of the condyle in the mouth open and close state. The results were as follows. 1. In the 785 patients with TMJ arthrosis, 782 patients (99.62%) show the positional change of the condyle. Among them 691 patients (88.03%) show the bone change. 2. In TMJ arthrosis patients with bone changes 451 patients (65.27%) showed both the condylar positional changes and bone changes bilaterally. 198 patients (28.65%) show the condylar positional changes bilaterally and bone changes unilaterally. 3. The bone changes in the TMJ arthrosis were in order of frequency eburnation (647 cases, 32.8%), erosion (548 cases, 27.79%), flattening (418 cases, 21.20%), deformity (138 cases, 6.99%). sclerosis (115 cases, 5.83%), marginal proliferation (106 cases, 5.38%). The region of bone change in TMJ arthrosis with condylar positional changes were in order of frequency the articular eminence (43.97%) condylar head (38.64%), articular fossa (17.39%). In the patients with bone changes, their clinical symptoms were pain (44.34%), clicking sound (33.5%), limitation of mouth opening (22.52%). In the patients complaining pain the most frequent bone change was erosion (28.60%), in the patients complaining clicking sound, eburnation (28.97%) in the patients complaining the limitation, eburnation (29.40%). Also in the patients with the duration below 1 year most common bone change was eburnation. 5. The most common condylar positional change was downward position (39.94%) in closed state, restricted movement of condyle (30.07%) in open state. The condylar positional changes and bone changes according to the region were as follows: a) In the condylar head the most frequent bone change was erosion (30.45%) and the most frequent condylar positional change was downward position (37.40%) in closed state, restricted movement of condyle (33.2%) in open state. b) In the articular eminence the most frequent bone change was eburnation (39.91%) and the most frequent condylar positional change was downward position (39.79%) in closed state, restricted movement of condyle (27.22%) in open state. c) In the articular fossa the most frequent bone change was eburnation (53.94%) and the most frequent condylar positional change was downward position (42.57%) in closed state, restricted movement of condyle (30.32%) in open state.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bridging stabilization exercises of trunk muscles activity on a Swiss ball according to change of position. Methods：30 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following three exercise positions. Exercise position 1; Supine bridge with Swiss ball, Exercise position 2; Side bridge with Swiss ball, Exercise position 3; Prone bridge with Swiss ball. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Results : A repeated measures of ANOVA with Duncan's correction was used to determine the influence of exercise type on muscle activity for rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae. The erector spinae of exercise position 1 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 2, 3(p<.05). The external oblique of exercise position 2, 3 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 1(p<.05). The rectus abdominis of exercise position 3 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 1, 2(p<.05) Conclusion： These results indicate that muscle activity can be influenced by addition of a Swiss ball in bridging exercises. It is recommend to use a Swiss ball for trunk stabilization exercise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 1975

Most of mothers place their babies in either supine or prone position without change of position. Studies comparing supine and prone position of the newborn infants -have already been performed with the result that the prone position is relatively better than the supine position. However, one kind of position recommended to the mothers is not sufficient for the good rearing practice of children, because the same position placed for period long of time may bring out physical, mental tension and fatigue, and deformities of the skull and the thorax. For this reason nurses have to find out other position which has identical or more advantages than prone position so as to perform the position change for the babies. Main purpose of this study is to identify the differences of vital signs, the number of urination, defecation, diaper rash, crying and amount of feeding of the newborn infants with prone position or lateral position during the first three days of life. Sixty two newborn infants who were delivered at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from July 1 to September 5, 1974 were chosen as subjects for this study. The criteria for the choice of subjects were the babies born with vaginal delivery; body weight 2.5kg or over at birth; Apgar score Seven or over; and gestation period between thirty-eight months ana forty- two months. Of these subjects, by random sampling, thirty-one newborn infants were placed in the prone position and the other thirty-one in the lateral position. The results of this study reviewed in a statistical analysis of the t-test to obtain the following findings : 1. The heart rates of babies in the prone position were the mean heart rates of 135.03 and those in the lateral position 135.98 without any statistically significant difference. 2. There was no significant difference of respiration rate between two groups : a group in the prone position showed the mean respiration rates of 45,57 and the other in the lateral position 46.49. 3. There was no significant difference of body temperature between two groups: the mean body temperature of a group placed in the prone position was 98$^{\circ}$18'F(36$^{\circ}$77'C) and that of the other group 98$^{\circ}$20'F(36$^{\circ}$78'C). 4. One baby showed diaper rash only in a group of infants in the prone position. 5. The number of crying of the babies in the prone position were 23.70 and those in the lateral position 30.00 with a statistical difference at 5 percent level. 6, There was no difference of frequency of urination between two groups: the mean frequency of a group placed in tile prone position was 5.44 and that of the other group 5.06, 7. There was no significant difference of frequency of defecation between two groups : the mean frequency of a group placed in the prone position was 4.20 and that of tile other group 4.21, 8. There was no significant difference of feeding amount between two groups : the average amount of a group in the prone position showed 325.03 and that of the other group in the lateral position 291.51. All the above results mean that we may substitute tile lateral position for the Prone position or utilize both position for tile rearing practice of the babies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1981

The author analysed the interrelation between the morphologic changes of bone Structures and the position of condylar head from the routine radiographs of 134 cases of the temporomandibular joint arthrosis. The frequencies of coincidence between the site of bone defrmity and condylar head positional change were examined. Also, the positional changes of condylar head and the direction of condylar movement in relation to the kind of bone deformities were observed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In 52.65 per cent of total cases, the site, of positional change of condylar head was coincided with the site of bone deformans. The frequencies of the coincidence between these in the five items among seven items examined were above 53 per cent. From the results, it seems that the positional changes of condylar head were related with the morphological change of bone structure. 2. Eburnation and erosion. revealed frequently positional changes in the opening and closing position of the mouth, although in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis. 3. In the bone deformans, during opene position of the mough 44.81 per cent of total cases revealed backword movement and 37.74 per cent showed forward movement. In closed position of the mouth, downward movement was revealed in 35.23 per cent of total cases and upward movement 28.41 per ,cent of total cases. 4. In the cases showing eburnation, the frequencies of coincidence between the site of positional change and bone deformans were 58.57 per cent of the total cases. that means it was high in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1977

To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the blood disappearance rate of $^{198}Au$-colloid and to evaluate the change of hepatic blood flow during position change from supine to erect, we measured the half time of blood disappearance rate of $^{198}Au$-colloid using external counting method in 94 normal persons and in 77 patients with various hepatic diseases. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In normal control, the mean blood disappearance half time of $^{198}Au$-colloid in supine position was $2.7{\pm}0.4$ minutes. There was no significant difference of hepatic blood flow in age and sex. 2. In acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, the mean blood disappearance half times in supine position were $3.0{\pm}0.45,\;3.5{\pm}0.74,\;7.2{\pm}3.6$ minutes respectively. The hepatic blood flow of the patients with chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis were significantly decreased than that of normal control. 3. In the normal control and acute hepatitis, the decreaces of the hepatic blood flow during the position change from supine to erect were 27.7% and 22.6% respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.680-687
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• 2000

In this paper we present a new vector control scheme for induction motor. An exact knowledge of the rotor flux position is essential for a high-performance vector control. The position of the rotor flux is measured in the direct scheme or estimated in the indirect schemes. Since the estimation of the flux position requires a priori knowledge of the induction motor parameters, the indirect schemes are machine parameter dependent. The rotor resistance and stator resistance among the parameters change with temperature. Variations in the parameters of induction machine cause deterioration of both the steady state and dynamic operation of the induction motor drive. Several methods have been presented to minimize the consequences of parameter sensitivity in indirect scheme. In this paper new estimation scheme of rotor flux position is presented to eliminate sensitivity due to resistance change with temperature. Simulation results are used to verify the performance of the proposed vector control scheme.