• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.1718-1733
• /
• 2023

The virtual Frisch-grid method for room-temperature radiation detectors has been widely used because of its simplicity and high performance. Recently, side electrodes were separately attached to each surface of the detectors instead of covering the entire detector surface with a single electrode. The side-electrode structure enables the measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) gamma-ray interaction in the detector. The positional information of the interaction can then be utilized to precisely calibrate the response of the detector for gamma-ray spectroscopy and imaging. In this study, we developed a 3D position-sensitive 5 × 5 × 12 mm³ cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detector and applied a flattening method to correct detector responses. Collimated gamma-rays incident on the surface of the detector were scanned to evaluate the positional accuracy of the detection system. Positional distributions of the radiation interactions with the detector were imaged for quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The energy spectra of various radioisotopes were measured and improved by the detector response calibration according to the calculated positional information. The energy spectra ranged from 59.5 keV (emitted by ²⁴¹Am) to 1332 keV (emitted by ⁶⁰Co). The best energy resolution was 1.06% at 662 keV when the CZT detector was voxelized to 20 × 20 × 10.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권9호
• /
• pp.3398-3402
• /
• 2022

We fabricated a 15 m long position-sensitive plastic scintillation optical fiber (PSOF) detector consisting of a PSOF, two photomultiplier tubes, four fast amplifiers, and a digitizer. A single PSOF was used as a sensing part to estimate the gamma-ray source position, and ¹³⁷Cs, an uncollimated solid-disk-type radioactive isotope, was used as a gamma-ray emitter. To improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and measurement time of a PSOF detector compared to those of previous studies, the performance of the amplifier was optimized, and the digital signal processing (DSP) was newly designed in this study. Moreover, we could measure very low dose rates of gamma-rays with high sensitivity and accuracy in a very short time using our proposed PSOF detector. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to accurately and quickly locate the position of a very low dose rate gamma-ray source in a wide range of contaminated areas using the proposed position-sensitive PSOF detector.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.833-836
• /
• 1995

The Position Sensitive Detector(PSD) is an useful which can be used to measurement the position of an incidence light in detail and in real-time. In this paper, light sources, to be predefinded positions, are used as landmarks and the 2-D PSD signals are used to compensate the position of a running mobile robot. To induce the position compensation algorithm, first, we inspect the error factor, make the error model, and evaluate the error covariance matrix between the real position and estimated position in dead reckoning system. Next we obtain an optimal position compensation algorithm to update the estimated position using extended Kalman filler by the relation of the external light position and it's PSD signal. Through the simulation of navigating a robot the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2001

In this paper, PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) sensor system that estimates position for moving objects in 2D plane is developed. PSD sensor is used to measure the position the position of and incidence light in real-time. To get the position of light source of moving target, a new parameter calibration algorithm and neural network technique are proposed and applied. Real-time position measurements of the mobile robot with light source is examined to validate the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed technique provides accurate position estimation of the moving object.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제48권12호
• /
• pp.1537-1543
• /
• 1999

In this paper, PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) sensor system that estimates position for moving objects in 2D plane is developed. PSD sensor is used to measure the position of an incidence light in real-time. To get the position of light source of moving target, a new parameter calibration algorithm and neural network technique are proposed and applied. Real-time position measurements of the mobile robot with light source is examined to validate the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed technique provides accurate position estimation of the moving object.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 1996

An real-time active beacon localization system for mobile robots is developed and implemented. This system permits the estimation of robot positions when detecting light sources by PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) sensor which are placed sparsely over the robots work space as beacons(or landmarks). An LSE(Least Square Estimation) method is introduced to calibrate the internal parameters of a model for the beacon and robot position. The proposed system has two operational modes of position estimation. One is the initial position calculation by the detection of two or more light sources positions of which are known. The other is the continuous position compensation that calculates the position and heading of the robot using the IEKF(Iterated Extended Kalman Filter) applied to the beacon and dead-reckoning data. Practical experiments show that the estimated position obtained by this system is precise enough to be useful for the navigation of robots.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
• /
• pp.916-919
• /
• 1996

An real-time active beacon localization system for mobile robots is developed and implemented. This system permits the estimation of robot positions when detecting light sources by PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) sensor which are placed sparsely over the robot's work space as beacons(or landmarks). An LSE(Least Square Estimation) method is introduced to calibrate the internal parameters of a model for the beacon and robot position. The proposed system has two operational modes of position estimation. One is the initial position calculation by the detection of two or more light sources positions of which are known. The other is the continuous position compensation that calculates the position and heading of the robot using the IEKF(Iterated Extended Kalman Filter) applied to the beacon and dead-reckoning data. Practical experiments show that the estimated position obtained by this system is precise enough to be useful for the navigation of robots.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 1993

PSD(Position Sensitive Detector)를 위치센서로 사용하여 광학적 자동촛점 장치를 구성하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구는 광 리소그라피 장비인 KrF 엑사이머 레이저 스템퍼를 모델로 개발 하였다. 광원으로 780nm인 반도체 레이저를 사용하였으며, 시준기, 반사경, 렌즈 등을 사용한 광학계를 구성하여 위치신호(position error signal)를 측정 하였으며, 분해능은 $0.03{\mu}m$이었다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
• /
• pp.318-321
• /
• 2002

As a part of the next generation PET project, we have developed a depth of interaction detector which is consist of three-dimensional arrays of GSO crystal elements sized 2.9mm ${\times}$ 2.9mm ${\times}$ 7.5mm. The basic structure of a detector block is 4-stages in depth, one stage is composed of 2 by 2 array of the crystal elements. The blocks are optically coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Each crystal element can be in different conditions; rough or chemical etching for the crystal surface. The effect of the difference of crystal surface condition on the detector performance was analyzed in one-dimensional crystal array as a basic study for the three-dimensional detector by a simple model which is considered only probabilities of transmission, reflect and absorption of photons are in a crystal. As the next step, we investigated the effect of different crystal surface condition in a "U shaped detector" which is an array of stacked crystals bending at the center.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2002

MCP(microchannel plate)와 지연산 양극판(delay line anode), 그리고 지연선 검출회로로 구성되는, 원자외선 분광기 에 사용될 2차원 지연선(delay line) 방식 의 위 치 검출기 (position sensitive detector)를 설계하고 그 중 지연선 검출회로를 제작하여 동작 및 분해능에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 이 시험에서는 검출회로의 고유한 분해능을 확인하기 위하여 MCP와 양극판은 각파 특성이 잘 알려진 스티뮬레이션(stimulator)와 양극판 시뮬레이터(anode simulator)로 대체되었다. 제작된 검출회로는 안정적으로 동작하였으며 분광 및 영상 축 방향으로 각각 약 570ps와 약 100ps의 시간 분해능을 가지는 것을 확인하였다