• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.216-230
• /
• 1998

1987년 12월부터 1998년 4월까지 우리나라 연안에 서식하고 있는 양태과 어류에 대한 분류학적 위치를 재검토한 결과 모두 7속 10종 즉 큰비늘양태 Onigocia macrolepis, 비늘양태 O. spinosa, 바늘양태 Rogadius asper, 큰눈양태 Suggrundus meerdervoorti, 점양태 Inegocia japonica, 악어양태 I. guttata, 까지양태 Cociella crocodila, 봉오리양태 Ratabulus megacephalus, 양태 Platycephalus indicus 및 참양태 Platycephalus sp. 등이었다. 이들 어류 중에서 Onigocia macrolepis는 아직까지 우리나라의 미기록종이고, Platycephalus sp.는 외부형태적 특징 및 주요 계수계측에서 P. indicus와는 다르게 나타나는 미확인종으로써 추후 면밀한 검토가 요구된다. 아울러 이들 종들의 각종 분류학적 주요 형태 형질을 중심으로 한국산 양태과 어류의 속, 종 검색표를 작성하였고, 각종들의 형태적 특징 및 계수 계측 형질들을 기재하면서 한국산 양태과 어류의 지리적 분포에 대하여 보고하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2010

Saddle MOSFET의 모서리의 효과에 대한 고전역학과 양자역학적 시뮬레이션의 비교분석을 3차원 수치 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 수행하였다. 비교분석 결과 양자역학적 시뮬레이션에서는 실리콘 핀의 단면에서의 정확한 최대 전자 밀도의 위치와 크기를 제공함으로써 소자의 정확한 설명을 제공하는 것을 보여 주었고, 이를 이용하여 모서리 효과 및 그것이 소자의 문턱전압의 특성을 미치는 영향의 정확한 분석이 실행되었다. 또한, 모서리 효과를 억제하기 위해서 실리콘 핀의 모서리를 둥글게 하거나 구석의 바디도핑을 낮추는 두 가지 가능한 기법을 제시했다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제5권
• /
• pp.7-44
• /
• 1993

This study is focused on the review of buyer's remedy resulting from the breach of seller's duty in contracts for the international sale of goods focusing on UNCCIS, 1980 and the problems and suggestions of proper ideas for solving the problems. First problem on the buyer's remedy is related to the breach of seller's duty on del ivory of the contracted goods. When seller has failed to deliver the contracted goods to buyer within the stipulated periods, buyer can treat the contract as avoided and claim damages from seller. By the way, since UNCCIS does not provide any stipulation on the time of buyer's avoidance of the contract, buyer can delay the time of avoidance when the price of contracted goods is rising rapidly and enlarge the amount of damages, Since this stipulation is clearly unreasonable, proper solutions are required for UNCCIS. Second problem is related to the breach of seller's duty on deliver of goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packged in the manner required by the contract. When seller has failed to deliver goods which are confirm with the contract, buyer may have one of the two rights of damages and the price reduction according to UNCCIS provided that he does not choose the avoidance. But, since the character and position of the price reduction as a buyer's remedy are not sufficient solutions, more detailed review on this point is required. Third, Seller's duty to provide documents is very important for overseas trade, but UNCCIS does not provide any specific buyer's remedy in comparison with the other remedy and also does not provide any stipulation on the Letter of Credit which have important roles for a device of setting payment in overseas trade. This means that trade customs and practice have not sufficiently reflected in UNCCIS. As the problems mentioned above may decrease the evaluation of buyer's remedy in UNCCIS and, furthermore, that of UNCCIS itself, proper solutions on these points are needed.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2005

소각중성자산란 (Small-angle neutron scattering, SANS)은 물질의 내부 나노구조 분석에 매우 중요한 실험방법론이다. 본 논문에서는 30MW HANARO 연구용 원자로의 냉중성자 연구시설에 설치하기 위하여 한국과학기술원과 한국원자력연구소가 공동으로 개발 중인 40m SANS장치의 개념설계 결과를 보고한다. 장치의 설계 최적화를 위한 전산모사를 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 40m SANS 장치의 주요설계 인자를 결정하였다. 40m SANS 장치의 가능한 Q-range는 $0.0005\;\AA^{-1}-1.0\AA^{-1}$ 이며, 이는 세계 최고 수준의 SANS Q-range에 해당된다. 각 Q-range에 따른 시료위치에서의 중성자 속을 계산하였으며 전산모사에 사용된 냉중성자원이 구현될 시 세계적 수준의 값을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.167-180
• /
• 2011

The portraits created in the age of Queen Elizabeth I show a very exquisite description about the ruff collar and cuffs representing the notable evolution of periodical costumes from a detailed viewpoint. This thesis analyzes the ruff collar and cuffs of the portraits of Queen Elizabeth I. The method used selects 32 pieces from the portraits of Queen Elizabeth I that are considered excellent depictions of a ruff collar and cuffs, to investigate size, form and decorations. Conclusively, the ruff collar tends to be extremely enlarged and thickened (coinciding with the development of glue) while the cuffs denote the aspect of double cuffs coupled with the turn-back cuffs without a change in size. These traits were widely shown from 1585 to 1587, while after 1588 the ruff cuffs completely disappeared in the portraits of Elizabeth I. At the same time, the change of a ruff collar was remarkable, the collar being in the erect position behind the head (with the use of supporters), of a consistent thickness and decoration of elaborate lace. During the transition period from the $16^{th}$ century to the $17^{th}$ century the earliest change was in cuffs followed by collars. This research is a helpful guide to detect the relatively exact date of portraits not definitively identified in the latter part of the $16^{th}$ century and to observe the microscopic evolution of costumes in the latter part of the $16^{th}$ century.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는, 보행자의 연속적이고 정확한 위치결정을 위한 보행자 측위시스템의 알고리즘을 소개하고 그 정확도를 분석하였다. 다양한 환경에서의 GPS 신호의 두절에 따른 위치의 불연속성을 해결하기 위하여, GPS, INS, 기압계와 방위계를 강결합의 형태인 중앙 집중형 칼만필터에서 융합하였다. 특히, 저가의 실질적인 시스템을 구성하기 위하여, MEMS IMU를 사용하였고, 실시간 계산의 용이성을 위하여 의사거리를 처리하였다. 이때 저가기기의 선택에 따른 높이와 방위값의 정확도를 보완하기 위하여 압력계와 방위계로부터 측정된 값을 이용한다. 편이, 스케일 오차 등의 상세한 수학적 모델과 융합방법을 소개하였고, 그 결과를 고성능의 GPS/INS 로부터 나온 결과와 비교 검토하였다. 특히 GPS 신호가 단절되었을 경우에 대한 위치 및 자세의 결과 비교를 통하여 위치 획득 정확도 및 가능성을 분석하였고, 향후 연구 방향을 소개하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 2012

Purpose: As Korea has been rapidly transformed to be a multicultural society, it becomes essential for nurses to develop cultural competency. The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the cultural competency level of general hospital nurses and to examine its contributing factors adopting ecological model. Method: A convenience sample of 327 nurses from six general hospitals in Seoul metropolitan area was recruited between November 14 to 28, 2011. Cultural competency was measured using the Korean version of the Caffrey Cultural Competence in Healthcare Scale (CCCHS) and Cultural Competence Assessment(CCA). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of intrapersonal, cultural-experience, and organizational factors on cultural competency. Results: Mean cultural competency in this study was 2.57(${\pm}0.43$). Cultural competency was associated with job position (p=.044) at the intrapersonal level. At the cultural experience level, foreign language classes experience (p=.005), fluency in a foreign language (p=.000), experience of working with foreign health care professionals (p=.000) were associated cultural competency. At the organizational level, training program (p=.000), job description (p=.002), health education materials (p=.016), insufficient job control (p=.000), and interpersonal conflicts (p=.011) showed significant difference. Foreign language class experience, foreign language fluency, experience of working with foreign health care professionals, and job control were the most consistent predictors of cultural competence and explained 20.4% of the total variance in the proposed ecological model. Conclusions: The findings suggest that to enhance cultural competency in general hospital nurses, cultural experience and organizational factors need to be more fully considered than intrapersonal factors.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.385-396
• /
• 2005

이 논문에서는 온라인 서명 검증에 대한 새로운 접근 방법으로, 서명을 필기의 기본 구성 요소들로 표현하는 구조적인 접근 방법을 제시한다. 속력의 국부 극소점을 분할점으로 하여 얻어지는 부분을 원시 패턴으로 정의하였고, 서브패턴으로서 방향 변화에 의해 얻어지는 단순 회전형 성분, 첨형 성분, 종형 성분의 세 가지 종류를 정의하여 서명을 구조적으로 표현하였다. 그리고 서브패턴을 기본 단위로 한 동적 계획정합 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 또한, 학습 샘플로부터 국부적인 부분에 대한 변화도와 복잡도를 추출하여 참조 패턴의 학습과 진위 판단 임계치를 설정하였다. 실험을 통하여, 함수적 접근과 매개변수적 접근 그리고 제안된 구조적 접근 방법을 동일 조건에서 검증률, 처리시간, 메모리의 측면에서 비교하였다. 제안된 방법에서는, 서명의 국부적인 가중치를 적용하고 복잡도를 판단임계치의 설정에 사용함으로써 평균 오류율이 14.2%에서 4.05%로 검증률이 크게 향상되었다. 또한, 시간과 메모리의 측면에서 함수적 접근 방법에 비해 효과적이면서도 함수적 접근 방법의 최고 성능에 근접한 검증률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.130-151
• /
• 2012

Fraunhofer was founded in 1949 and grew into Europe's largest application-oriented research organization. Fraunhofer currently employs over 20,000 members in Germany, is internationally networked, and manages an R&D budget of over 1,8 Billion Euros per year. An important step for Fraunhofer to become an integral component of the German innovation system was the introduction of the Fraunhofer Model of financing based on a performance-related system of financial management. The underlying model of the allocation and distribution of public funding to Fraunhofer that is subsequently allotted to specific research groups is one of the success factors of Fraunhofer. Fraunhofer is proud of its decentralized organizational model. Fraunhofer is comprised of 60 Institutes in Germany working in different fields, under one legal framework, and with a strong brand value. Every Fraunhofer Institute is affiliated with a German University and every institute director simultaneously holds a chair at the affiliated university. It is a challenge for the headquarter organization to balance the intended competition of individual Fraunhofer Institutes with complementarity cooperation in science among Fraunhofer-Institutes, especially when coming from different knowledge domains; however, this goal results in a significant advantage. The unique strengths of Fraunhofer offer system solutions in a world with increasingly complex R&D challenges. While growing to become the largest organization on Europe to focus on applied research it is the challenge to remain an agile organization that is flexible in organizational structure. Fraunhofer has reached a well-recognized position in the European innovation landscape. It is often referred to by science and governments as a role model for innovation policy and a key element of the latest successes in the German economy that has recovered quicker from the latest economic crisis than most other western economies. The paper explains Fraunhofer as an organizational paradigm and its underlying management model to elaborate on the challenges of managing a research organization. We wish to show how it is possible to transfer the management model and philosophy of Fraunhofer to innovation systems with different framework conditions and challenges. A universal conclusion may be drawn based on the description of Fraunhofer; however, changes in existing structures and innovation systems cannot be implemented over night.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2006

At present, most efforts tend to develop a INS which is only based linear accelerometers, because of the low cost micro-machining gyroscopes lack of the accuracy needed for precise navigation application and possible achieving the required levels of precise for micro-machining accelerometer. Although it was known in theory that a minimum of six accelerometers are required for a complete description of a rigid body motion, and any configuration of six accelerometers (except for a "measure zero " set of six-accelerometer schemes) will work. Studies on the feasible configuration of GF-INS indicate that the errors of angular velocity resolved from the six accelerometers scheme are diverged with time or have multi solutions. The angular velocity errors are induced by the biases together with the position vectors of the accelerometers, therefore, in order to treat with the problem just mentioned, researchers have been doing many efforts, such as the extra three accelerometers or the magnetometers may be taken as the reference information, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) involved to make the angular velocity errors bound and be estimated, and so on. In this paper, the typical configurations of GF-INS are introduced; for each type GF-INS described, the solutions to the angular velocity and the specific force are derived and the characteristic is indicated; one of the corresponding extend Kalman filters are introduced to estimate the angular errors; parts of the simulation results are presented to verify the validity of the equations of angular velocity and specific force and the performance of extend Kalman filter.