• 수완나부미
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-89
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• 2017

Strategically situated between the East-West maritime crossroads, the peoples of Southeast Asia over the centuries witnessed the comings and goings of traders from territories from East Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe. There were also those from North America that crossed the Pacific for commercial profits in this region. Foreign traders undoubtedly in the course of their visits and sojourns had liaisons with local women, some engaged in marriages. Offspring of these interracial miscegenation possessed rather unique characteristics. As a community, they were identified with the Malay term, peranakan, from the root word, "anak" meaning "child," hence "offspring" or "descendent". Specific terms - Baba Nyonya, Tionghoa-Selat, Chitty, Jawi Pekan, Pashu, Kristang - referred to particular groups. Although socially they appeared 'neither here nor there', members of mixed parentage were able to carve an especial niche in the local environment throughout Southeast Asia, conspicuously in urban, port-cities where trade and commerce predominated. Following in the footsteps of their progenitor, the Peranakan acted as intermediaries, comprador between foreign and indigenous enterprises, profiting financially and socially from trade and commerce. Tapping on the author's personal experiences and first-hand observations, complementing with oral sources, and support from secondary materials, this present essay explores, discusses, and analyzes the eclectic sociocultural practices and traditions of the Baba Nyonya of George Town, Penang. Purposeful intention is to further enlighten our understanding, and in turn, our appreciation, of these ever increasingly diminishing communities and their cultures across Southeast Asia.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-42
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• 2011

In terms of seaborne contacts of Vietnamese court with foreign countries had two directions in the 19th century. One was with Island Southeast Asian ports such as Singapore, Malacca, Penang, Batavia, and Manila. The other direction was to Canton. The Canton contact of Vietnam again can be interpreted as one of the two directions of Vietnamese contact with China. The inland route far to Beijing was based on the political and diplomatic consideration, while the closer route to Canton by the court vessels was more for the economic consideration as the case for the contact with the Island Southeast Asia. In this article, author discusses three issues to illuminate the nature of the trips of the court vessels of the Nguyễn dynasty to Canton. First is to clarify detail itinerary of the trip from the Thuận An Estuary to the City of Canton via Đà Nãng and Hanan. Unlike to the Western ships that visited Canton but anchored at the Huang Fu, Vietnamese square-rigged/copper-bottomed ships sailed up the Pearl river to the Guangzhou city front to stay for four or five months before they returned to Vietnam. In the second chapter, various kinds of observation of the Vietnamese officials are discussed. If the objects of the observation are divided into two categories, one is the world Westerners in Canton, and the other is the world of Chinese. In a same place, Canton, the Vietnamese officials could have enough chance to compare the two worlds clearly. An important consequence for the Vietnamese officials was to conclude that the mechanical technology of the Westerners was better than that of Chinese. This kind of conclusion led the Vietnamese court to send court personnels to learn Western technologies and languages in the port cities of Island Southeast Asia and to enlarge contacts with them. In the last chapter, author tries to find out the items that the Vietnamese mission purchased in Canton in exchange to the Vietnamese products. The items that the Vietnamese mission purchased included ceramics, silk, books, and medicines. With the support of the Chinese settlers in Vietnam the mission was able to be involved in the deal of illegal items such as opium, and possibly some kinds of precious ginseng from Korea. Overall, the process of the itinerary, observation, and purchase during the trip to Canton was the way to form the new point of view of Vietnamese intellectuals towards China standing from the side of Westerners. To the Vietnamese who experienced both Canton/Macao and the Western worlds in the port cities of Island Southeast Asia China was not the only center of the world, nor the Westerners could be looked down as the barbarians. In Canton, a peripheral region looked from the imperial capital Beijing, but the most internationalized city of China at that time, Vietnamese officials were training themselves to overcome China.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

본 연구는 동남아 각국에서 시행되고 있는 레저 스쿠버 잠수 인증 제도에 대한 자료를 수집하고, 잠수 현황 및 인증 현황을 비교하였다. 자료 수집을 위해 인터넷에 게시된 내용을 많이 활용하였고, 관련 문헌을 조사하였으며, 자료 보완을 위해 잠수 협회 관계자, 2007년 동남아 각국의 DIVE EXPO에 참가한 동남아 각국의 관공홍보 정부 관계자, 잠수 리조트 운영자 및 강사들과 폭 넓은 인터뷰를 하였다. 논문에는 인증 제도에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 스쿠버 인증과 국제 표준의 관계에 대해서도 언급하였다. 조사 결과, 동남아 지역은 레저 스쿠버 잠수 활동이 매우 활발한 지역으로 관광 산업에서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 전 세계 레저 다이버 인증 숫자의 30% 이상을 차지하고 있는 큰 시장으로 발전되어 있었다. 그러나 스쿠버 잠수 활동이 구미 지역에서 도입되었고 잠수 단체의 총 본부가 구미 지역에 있는 만큼 잠수 제도나 정책 문제에 있어서 조직 체계상 아시아에서 주도적인 역할을 하기 어려운 구조이며, 현재 상태로는 개선책을 찾기가 매우 어려울 것으로 예상된다. 또한 동남아시아에서는 유럽이나 미국과 같이 국제 표준 제도와 협력하여 교육의 질을 높이기 위한 프로그램 도입 및 단체 결성에는 아직 무관심한 것으로 나타났지만 이에 대한 필요성이 곧 대두될 것으로 예측되고 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2011

본고에서는 환율과 경기가 우리나라의 대 동남아시아 항만 수출입에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석을 시작하기 이전에 먼저 단위근 검정과 공적분 검정을 이용하여 변수와 모형이 안정적인가를 살펴보았다. 단위근 검정 결과 1차 차분한 시계열자료는 귀무가설의 기각에 성공함에 따라 Johansen 검정을 실시하여 적어도 하나의 공적분 벡터가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 공적분 벡터와 VECM을 추정하였다. 추정결과 대체적으로 가격변수와 소득변수의 부호는 이론과 일치하였다. 수출의 경우 수출의 환율탄력성의 경우 그 크기의 순서는 인도네시아가, 수출의 소득탄력성의 경우는 베트남이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 오차수정항 크기의 순서는 베트남이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수입의 경우 수입과 소득의 환율탄력성의 경우 그 크기의 순서는 베트남이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 오차수정항 크기의 순서는 말레이시아가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 대부분의 국가들에서 수출의 환율과 경기탄력성보다 수입의 환율과 경기탄력성이 크게 나타남으로써 수출시장 확대에는 큰 한계가 존재함을 보여주었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2007

Recently, the increasing trend for the transshipment traffic of Busan port in Korea is slowing down because of the extensive development plan of domestic ports in china. For solving this problem, Korea is going on the project for preoccupying the transshipment port for attraction of port traffic from the newly potential markets(NPM) based on the Northeast Asia area. As a part of the project, this paper proposes the efficient methodology for selecting the optimal shipping network and strategic transshipment port within NPM using the mathematical models and simulation analysis. For that, we firstly find the alternative transshipment ports within NPM through the status analysis of the current port traffic and shipping network and then, we choose the candidate transshipment-ports in order of minimizing the transport costs through the mathematical approach. With the scenarios based on the selected transshipment-ports, we perform the simulation analysis for choosing the optimal transshipment-ports and the shipping network minimizing the total costs and times concurrently. We expect that the results of this paper will be used efficiently when korea select the strategic transshipment-port in the future.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.231-256
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• 2016

This paper presents a case study of the Muslim diaspora through comparative analysis of Islamic tombstones from the Southeast Coast of China under Mongol rule. The locations of the nisbas in the Islamic tombstones are widely dispersed, covering Xinjiang, Transoxiana, Iran, Khorasan, Khwarazm, Armenia, Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. Unexpectedly, we did not find a single named location from India or Southeast Asia. It is well known that notable descendants of distinguished families traditionally produced officials, intellectuals, and wealthy merchants, and surrendered to the Mongols during the war against the Qara Khitai Khanate and the Khwarazm Empire. There were a great number of appointed officials with Muslim names in the Jianghuai (around Lower Yangtze) and Fujian regions. This is consistent with the concentration of epitaphs written in Arabic on the southeast coast of China. The frequent use of the specific tradition of the prophet Muhammad associating the death of the exile with martyrdom in Islamic tombstones in Quanzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou indicates that the Muslims in these port cities eventually established an interregional or diasporic identity of Muslim foreighners whoimmigrated into the region.

• 한국항만경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항만경제학회 2007년도 정책세미나 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.515-536
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• 2007

The Korea's West Coast has been considered as the gateway to the economies of Southeast Asia and China. Thanks to geographical advantages, harbors located in this region have been playing a vital role despite the fact that most harbors in this region are the small and medium ones. The GunJangHang is such harbor. This paper aims to investigate the important role of this harbor, as well as to analyze the competitiveness of GunJangHang port with those of the luncheon phosphorus port, Pyongteak port, and Mokpo port regarding the rapid increasing cargo volume through this region recently.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2022

본 연구는 광양항의 컨테이너 물동량의 변화구조를 분석하기 위하여 국내 컨테이너 항만과의 변이할당분석을 통해 기간별, 노선별 비교분석을 실시하였다. 광양항의 컨테이너 물동량 절대물동량 성장분석 결과 기간별, 항로별 가장 높은 성장치를 보여준 기간 및 항로는 2001-2007년 유럽, 북미주, 중동, 남미등이었다. 이어 2008-2012년 기간 동안 동남아이사, 대양주, 극동아시아, 유럽, 일본 등이었다. 2018년에서 2022년 구간 중에서는 대양주, 서남아시아 정도이다. 향후 광양항의 컨테이너 물동량 확보를 위해서는 유럽 및 미주, 아프리카 지역의 노선확보가 필수적이며 부두운영사의 경영 및 서비스 개선을 통한 항만경쟁력 확보가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 항만별/공항별 수출 상승률과 변동률 동향을 살펴보고, 어느 항만/공항의 상승이 높게 나타나고 있는지 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수출금액 순으로 인천공항, 부산, 인천, 울산, 광양, 평택을 선택하였다. 각 항만/공항별 분석기간은 2001년 9월부터 2018년 4월까지 총 200개 월간자료를 이용하였다. 상승률과 변동률에서, 평택, 인천, 광양이 부산과 울산에 비해 상대적으로 크게 나타나고 있다. 최근 미국과 일본에 비해 상대적으로 중국과 동남아 수출이 더 많이 증가하기 때문으로 판단된다. 분석결과 기존 부산, 인천공항, 울산의 수출에서 최근 인천공항, 인천, 광양, 평택으로 수출이 서서히 이동하고 있다. 또한, 항공물류인 인천공항의 수출비중이 더욱 커지고 있어 이에 필요한 시설 및 관련 투자가 필요해 보인다. 서해안시대를 맞이하여 중국 및 동남아, 북한으로 수출입에 대비하여 인천, 평택, 광양에 대한 관심과 투자가 더욱 필요해 보인다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 2014

This study will examine the consolidation that is occurring in the shipping industry and its effects on Busan's status as a key transshipment hub in Southeast Asia as well as what measures the port must implement to attract transshipment traffic. With this in mind heading forward, trends in transshipment cargo, problems facing the port, as well as the current status of transshipment volumes at the Port of Busan must be fully understood so that thorough research can be done into appropriate measures to stimulate growth and attract cargo traffic. In this study, We analyze the current problems and status of transshipment cargo at Busan Port and factors affecting the competitiveness of transshipment cargo at Busan New Port, Korea's key import/export gateway, have been examined. We show the Strategies to Attract Transshipment Cargo at the Busan New Port which is to become a an optimal transshipment port, a port's internal environment including the scale and location of its hinterland, facilities and tariffs as well as the external environment including global networks and logistics IT management must be carefully considered as they are all key actors affecting cargo volumes.