• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1980

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.5
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• pp.513-518
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• 2003

The quantity of container transportation of the world habors is constantly increasing by 8.8 per year until 2011. Present port facilities will not satisfy it. So facility expansion is necessary. Because the processing cost in the harbor becomes to 30% of total transportation expense, major pors inthe world are making an effort in the automation facilities to solve the problems of higher labor costs and indufficient labor and to maximize the efficiency of the work and use of the land. Especially, the automation of the gate, which is the place of cargo's appearance and disappearance, the node which creates the information, is now rising as the important issue. In this study suggest more efficient design for port gate automation. First, calculate scale of gate complex, and compare of 1 step gate and 2 step, and optimal design for automated operation method of gate process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

This study is to define the Automated Container Terminal(ACT) and container terminal system. Also, we analyze the present condition of the container terminal system in Pusan port and its automation level by systems approach. And this paper aims at evaluating on the priority of R&D investment until the beginning of the second stage of New Pusan Port Project(2006). In this process we have considered 8 factors (cost, labor, area, time volume, reliability, safety, convenience) to analyze 6 subsystems. The priority order of R&D until target year by sub-systems is as follow : Cargo Handling System〉Transfer System〉Port Entry System〉Storage System(Distribution&Manufacturing System included)〉Inland Transport System〉Port Information System.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

The production of larger of ships is a survival strategy for global shipping companies to pursue the economics of scale. According to this strategy, to respond to this situation, many containers are loading/unloading simultaneously in the hub port. Additionally, the container terminals are promoting the introduction of automation to expand the terminal facilities and increase efficiency/productivity of the container yards. European ports have introduced automation to address rising labor costs and shortages of labor. Recently, the construction of fully automated container terminals is increasing in the United States and China to resolve problems such as the slow growth of the global economy, the emergence of large ships, air pollution, and safety accidents. Domestic ports are at an early stage compared to the world's advanced container terminals, and countermeasures are being prepared to respond to the changing ports. However, research on the recognition difference analysis that examines the opinions of stakeholders is insufficient. As a result of analyzing the recognition among the groups, it was found that container terminal operators reduced labor costs, improved shipping services for shipping companies, prevented safety accidents for port union labor, and increased service for port authority and government agencies. Thus, to closely examine the perception among the groups, one-way ANOVA was performed, and then the implications were deduced as the basic data for the smooth introduction of automation.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2019

The intricacies of web development have orchestrated a paradigm shift in academic libraries. The study explored literature on the status of automation of academic libraries and web development in Nigeria. It was established that the functions of library management software are abysmally under-utilized in academic libraries in Nigeria, thus, progression of automation projects remain a swinging pendulum. The paper, therefore, recommends that librarians should acquire the relevant training and plan strategically for all automation projects aimed at incorporating the intricacies of the web and ICTs into library services to fully utilize the functions of the library management systems in line with web developmental stages, thus, be able to compete globally.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.471-474
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• 1998

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal broadcasting in recursive circulants under multi-port communication model. Recursive circulant G(N, d) that is defined to be a circulant graph with N vertices and jumps of powers of d is a useful interconnection network from the viewpoint of network metrices. Our model assumes that a processor can transmit a message to $\alpha$ neighboring processors simultaneously where $\alpha$ is two or three. For the broadcasting problem, we introduce 3-trees and 4-trees. And then we show that 3-trees and 4-trees are minimum broadcast trees in 2-port model and 3-port model. Using the above results, we show that recursive circulants g(2m, 2) have optimum broadcasting time in 2-port model and 3-port model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.113-119
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• 2002

Recently, an automatic crane control system is required with high speed and rapid transportation. During the operation of crane system in container yard it is necessary to control the crane trolley position and loop length so that the swing of the hanging container is minimized We can do development of unmanned automation control system using automation travel control technique and anti-sway technique in crane system. Therefore, we designed a controller for Automation travel control to control the transfer crane system. Analyzed crane system through simulation, and proved excellency of control performance than other conventional controllers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.271-275
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• 2006

This paper describes the design and realization of full attitude system based on MEMS IMU and GPS carrier phase. The work can be divided into two parts: First, initial heading is determined by using two GPS receivers. And this paper discusses the usage of space geometry conditions to reduce the range of ambiguity search. The method presented in this paper was tested on the static. On the static condition, an accuracy better than 0.06 degrees for heading for 3.48m long baseline has been achieved. Integration of GPS and low cost MEMS IMU are used to realize the real-time heading attitude system. Second, level attitude (pitch and roll) is determined using the method of frequency-velocity for the feedback control. At the same time, the method using the attitude based on MEMS IMU to help determination of the range of ambiguity search is proposed. The results done on the sea show that an alternative means to provide real-time, cost-effective, accurate and reliable attitude information for attitude surveys. Though motivated by a big ships application, the design can be applied to other vehicles.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2018

International major container terminals are trying to expand automation facilities in order to dominate the competition and grow as central harbors. Recently, system design and development were put underway to fully integrate automation systems in container terminals. This is because it can focus on improving the efficiency of the yard operations in container terminals and facilitates integration with other container terminal operation processes. Automation in the container terminal business today is essential to better serve customers and improve profitability. Real-time position and status of container handling equipment (CHE) have been required for more efficient terminal operations and consequently higher productivity. This study examined the real-time location and status of the container terminal automation equipment using DGPS in container terminals, and reviewed the components and functions of the container terminal automation yard equipment systems that developed, applied, and operated the automation systems. In addition, this study compared the existing yard system and the automation yard system and presented application methods. Also, the results revealed that the productivity of the container terminal and the efficiency of the transportation equipment can be further increased when the optimal yard automation transportation equipment system is used to efficiently operate the transportation equipment, which is the core equipment of the container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.467-471
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• 1997

AGV is very proper equipment for Port Automation. AGV must have Obstacle Detection System(ODS) for port automation. Obstacle Detection System must have some functions. It must be able to classify some specified object from background data. And it must be able to track classified objects. Finally, ODS must determine its next action for safe cruise whether it must do emergency stop or it must speed down or it must change it track. For these functions, ODS can have many different structure. In this paper, we will propose one structure among some possible own which is under construction.