• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1994

유사산 태아의 폐, 청색증을 나타내는 자돈으로부터 돼지생식기 및 호흡기증후군(PRRS)의 원인체로 추정되는 바이러스주(KPRRSV) 들을 분리하였다. 분리된 바이러스주는 돼지콜레라, 돼지오제스키병, 돼지뇌심근염바이러스에 대한 형광항체반응에서는 음성이었으며 기니픽혈구에 대한 혈구응집 능력을 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 포유 마우스의 뇌내 접종시 이상을 나타내지 않았으나 돼지생식기 및 호흡기증후군에 대한 형광항체검사시 양성반응을 나타내었다. 분리된 바이러스는 돼지폐포탐식세포(porcine alveola macrophages)에서 세포변성효과(cytopathic effect)를 나타내었으며 세포변성효과를 나타내었던 바이러스주중 일주(KPRRSV-1)를 돼지폐포탐식세포에서 7대 연속 계대하여 돼지에 접종한 후 혈청을 분리하여 미국 및 유럽지역에서 분리된 돼지유행성 유사산 및 호흡기증후군의 바이러스를 탐식세포에 감염시켜 효소면역방법 (immunoperoxidase monolayer assay)으로 분석한 결과 분리된 바이러스는 미국형 돼지호흡기 및 유사산증후군에 가까운 항원형으로서 판명되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2007

A total of 501 serum samples were selected from blood samples that were submitted to Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kangwon National University from all provinces in Korea from September 2001 to August 2002. Their sera were examined for antibodies to swine influenza virus subtype H1N1 (SlV H1N1) and porcine repro-ductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) according to the age of pig, season, and herd size using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalence of SIV H1N1, PRRSV, and dual infection were 39.12%, 61.48%, and 25.95%, respectively. The seroprevalence of SIV H1N1 according to herd size was not significant differences (p>0.05). The results showed that the PRRSV infection spread widely in swine herds throughout the country.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This study was investigated to diagnose pathogenic organisms of atrophic piglets in northern area of the Gyeongnam province, Korea. Samples such as feces, blood and necropsy specimens of 42 atrophic piglets (${\leq}10$ weeks old) were taken from May to December 2013 for this survey. Samples were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and bacteria isolation for detection of pathogenic agents. 93 pathogens were isolated from 42 samples can be classified into ll groups. We identified bacterial agents in 56 cases (60.2%) and viral agents in 31 cases (33.3%). However, 6 cases (6.5%) were undetected. Among these pathogens, the most prevalent disease were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in 22 cases (23.7%). The major diseases were Colibacillosis in 15 cases (16.1%), Glasser's disease in 12 cases (12.9%), and porcine epidemic disease (PED) in 9 cases (9.7%). Mixed infections were accounted for 77.8% of atrophic piglets. In particular, the rate of mixed infections with PRRS virus showed the highest frequency (71.4%). In addition, there is a seasonal variation. Viral pathogens were dominantly detected in winter, but in the rest of the season bacterial agents were mainly detected. Gastrointestinal diseases occurred mainly in the pre-weaning piglets, the respiratory diseases and wasting diseases occurred mainly in the post-weaning piglets.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

Pig chronic wasting disease, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), have made a continuous economic damage in pig farms. Airborne spread of livestock viruses are an important spread factor which is difficult to analyze due to invisible airflow and limitation of measurement. The objective of this study is to analyze airborne disease spread between buildings in the experimental pig farm by means of field experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The field experiments were conducted to capture airborne virus using air sampler and teflon filter along multi points in the experimental pig farm. The samples were tested in terms of virus detection resulting in positive reaction for PRRS and PCV-2 viruses, which can be a firm evidence of airborne virus spread. The CFD simulation model was developed by considering complex topography, wind conditions, building arrangement, and ventilation systems and was used to analyze airborne virus spread according to different wind conditions. The CFD computed result showed a possibility of airborne virus spread via livestock aerosol from infected pig house to neighboring pig houses according to wind directions. The CFD simulation technique is expected to provide significant data for estimating and making a counterplan against airborne disease spread.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

As all other intensively farmed domestic species, most mortality in ostriches is closely to rearing conditions. While ostriches is also highly sensitive to stress, species-specific infectious disease play only a minor role. But investigation of ostrich's disease is not peformed almost in Korea. The study was performed to investigate the titers of antibody for Newcastle disease(ND), Infectious bronchitis(IB), Egg drop syndrome '76(EDS), Avian influenza(AI), salmonellosis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection(MG), Mycoplasma synoviae infection(MS), Infectious bursal disease(IBD), Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Japanese encephalitis(JE), Porcine parvovirus infection, Encephalomyocarditis and Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The results obtained in the 62 ostrich sera slaughtered in Gyeongbuk province were summarized as follows: The average of antibody positive rates to ND, IB, EDS, AI(H9Nl), JE, Porcine parvovirus infection and Encephalomyocarditis by HI test were $75.8\%,\;100\%,\;0\%,\;0\%,\;51.6\%,\;50\%\;and\;56.5\%$ respectively. The antibody positive rates to salmonellosis, MG, MS by plate agglutination test were $12.9\%,\;25.8\%,\;and\;0\%$ respectively. Antibodies to disease agent such as IBD and AI by agar gel precipitation(AGP) test, Brucellosis by tube agglutination, toxoplasmosis by latex agglutination test and PRRS by IFA were all negative.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes major economic losses to the Korean pig industry. ELISA tests using recombinant nucleocapsid protein of PRRSV have been most commonly used for PRRS diagnostics. In the current study, two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits (Bionote PRRSV Antibody ELISA and IDEXX 3XR PRRS Antibody ELISA) have been compared using sera collected from 19 swine farms in various stages of PRRSV infection confirmed by professional diagnostic centers. Thus 130 sera collected from 5 different farms with active PRRSV infection, 130 sera from 6 different farms with PRRS-stabilized status, and 140 sera from 8 different farms with PRRS-free status were evaluated to determine the correlation of test results between those ELISA kits. Both ELISA kits showed a good correlation [PRRSV-positive farms ($R^2$=0.6375) and stabilized farms ($R^2$=0.8928)] in sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio va lues. Among the 140 sera from negative farms, one sample was falsely positive by either of the ELISA kits. In conclusion, both of the ELISA kits showed a good correlation when applied on field samples collected from farms at various stages of PRRSV infection. Bionote ELISA or IDEXX ELISA gave a false positive result on 1 out of 140 negative samples so their specificity was calculated as 99.3%. Therefore, Bionote ELISA would be a good complementary and alternative method for IDEXX ELISA kit, and vice versa.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2015

Although researches have highlighted the important role of enhanced farm biosecurity to reduce the severity and prevalence of diseases in livestock, to date there has been little study in Korea on farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. To mitigate the risk of PRRSV infection in pigs, the risk factors by which PRRSV is introduced in pig farms must be determined. The primary aim of this study was to investigate pig producers' perceptions about on-farm biosecurity practices. We also analyzed data obtained from a cross-sectional study on 196 farrow-to-finish farms conducted between March 2013 and February 2014 to identify risk factors for PRRSV infection at farm level. Standardized questionnaires with information about basic demographical data and management practices were collected in each farm by on-site visit of trained veterinarians. Farms were classified as negative or positive through the use of infection profiles that combined data on PCR positive pigs and serological testing including antibody titer, sero-conversion pattern at each age category, and vaccination status. Data on biosecurity practices, farm management and environmental characteristics were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Generally, the biosecurity level in the pig farms included in this study were insufficient to reduce/prevent the risk of PRRSV infection given the high pig density areas and the considerable extent of vehicle movement. Factors associated with PRRSV infection were those where owners used on-farm vaccination programs had a lower risk of infection (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.61). The results from the analysis may guide to tailor biosecurity measures in the reduction or prevention of PRRS to the specific circumstances of pig farms in different localities of the world. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study to report information on the biosecurity practices currently implemented on Korean pig farms.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of detection of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies in oral fluids for monitoring of PRRSV infection in endemic farms. The level of PRRSV and anti-PRRSV antibodies in serum and oral fluids was evaluated in five age groups of pigs (6, 9, 12, 16 weeks of age and gilts). The samples (25 serums and 5 oral fluids/per a farm) were collected from 5 different farms endemically infected by PRRSV. Both serum and oral fluid samples were tested for PRRSV by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and for anti-PRRSV antibodies by two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits. ELISA mean s/p ratios (2.98 vs 1.63) and positive rate (84.0% vs 68.8%) of the oral fluid samples showed significantly higher levels but had similar patterns to the seroprofile of the blood samples. The PRRSV positive rate of oral fluid and serum samples was 40.0% and 44.0% respectively. In conclusion, the use of oral fluids for PRRS monitoring in endemic farms is strongly recommended.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2014

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as flame-retardant additives have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, and textiles. They are structurally similar to PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds. PBDEs are found in a variety of foods, and 95% of all human exposure to POPs comes from food. The major food sources are fish/seafood and dairy products. A number of studies have reported high levels of PBDEs in animals, increasing the public's concern over PBDE levels in animals. This study evaluates the relationship between the level of PBDEs according to piglet diseases. Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus are bacterial diseases. Porcine respiratory reproductive syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease. The concentration of PBDEs in the piglet liver from viral diseases was higher than that from bacterial diseases. BDE-47 and BDE-99 were detected in most samples. More PBDEs were detected in the piglet liver from PRRS of North American type than from that of European type.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

Prevalence of major legal communicable diseases in bovine and swine had been monitored in Jeonbuk province from year 2004 to 2008. At least 1 communicable disease had been reported in 687 heads from 68 bovine farms and 17 farms (25.0%) of the 68 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, enzootic bovine leukosis, Johne's disease and Akabane disease were occurred in 53 farms (582 heads), 14 farms (100 heads) and 1 farm (5 heads), respectively. Swine communicable diseases were occurred in 4,466 heads from 63 swine farms and 18 farms (28.6%) of the 63 positive farms had 1~2 additional outbreaks during the surveillance. By disease, Aujeszky's disease (AD), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), classical swine fever (CSF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), atrophic rhinitis (AR) and Japanese encephalitis in swine (JE) were occurred in 20 farms (70 heads), 20 farms (2,817 heads), 12 farms (258 heads), 6 farms (1,257 heads), 1 farm (50 heads), 1 farm (2 heads) and 1 farm (10 heads), respectively. In total, 10 communicable diseases (1 species of first-class, 3 species of second-class, and 6 species of third-class) were reported. The first-class diseases were CSF. Johne's disease, and Aujeszky's disease. JE was the second-class and Akabane disease, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), PED, PRRS, TGE and AR were third-class diseases.