• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

Population ecology of Palmaria palmata is described from the intertidal zone of Digby Neck and adjacent islands of Nova Scotia. The primary objectives were: to evaluate the difference in habitat specialization and population structure of P. palmata between harvest and non-harvest shores, and to characterize differences in thallus structure and frond sizes between epilithic and epiphytic populations. Harvest shores were gently sloping boulder fields with boulders typically about 0.5-1.0 m with dense cover of P. palmata on many of the rocks. Non-harvest shores (with or without P. palmata) consisted of boulders that were smaller or larger than harvest shores, or bedrock; when P. palmata was present on nonharvest sites it was typically epiphytic on other algae (e.g., Fucus spp., Mastocarpus stellatus, Devaleraea ramentacea). Harvestable epiphytic populations occurred only in high current areas. While there was little difference in average cover of P. palmata harvest and non-harvest shores ($31.2{\pm}13.7%$ vs. $19.4{\pm}7.3%$, mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation [SD]), the cover of P. palmata on harvest shores was highly skewed such that individual boulders often had >90% cover while adjacent rocks had little. Frond length of large fronds was greater on harvested shores, and mean frond density ($g\;m^{-2}$) was three times higher than the mean density on the non-harvested shores. Frond lengths of entire epiphytic and epilithic frond complements of 119 thalli from harvest beaches showed no difference in mean size of the largest fronds, and no difference in frond number per holdfast when epiphytic and epilithic thalli were compared.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.687-694
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• 1998

Enzyme electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic diversity and population structure of Chimaphila japonica Miq. in Korea. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 48.7%. Genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high (Hes=0.278 ; Hep=0.222, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ( $G_{ST}$ =0.079). $F_{IS}$ , a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 7 populations, was 0.355. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=2.61) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a substantial heterozygosity deficiency in some populations and at some loci. Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic dive-rsity found in the entire species of C. japonica include wide distribution, long-lived perennials, ability to regenerate due to rhizomatous spread, outcrossing induced by animal vectors, and occasional pollen dispersal by wind.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2009

This paper aims to explain the changes of social spatiality in rural areas as seen on a sloping scale in reference of population structure and utilization of territorial assets. Guessing from the population characteristics of rural communities and farming activities in Hwangsan village of Uichon-Myeon, Geochang-Gun and Hanam village of Chogye-Myeon, Hapchon-Gun, it will become a society characterized by super-aged intensification and large-scale crop cultivation. Deokgok-Myeon and Yulji village of Hapchon-Gun are required to intake outside residents. They have to understand the complementary cooperation and become conscious of the relationship between existing residents and relocated people in Yudong village of Yokji-Myeon, Tonyoung-Si. Due to a decreasing population and the phenomena of the 'super-aged', the efforts to revive the spatial function as a living and working space while utilizing territorial assets could be challenged in these case study regions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1373-1392
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• 2015

Placing sensors at appropriate locations is an important task in the design of an efficient structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a large-scale civil structure. In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm called virus monkey algorithm (VMA) based on the virus theory of evolution is proposed to seek the optimal placement of sensors. Firstly, the dual-structure coding method is adopted instead of binary coding method to code the solution. Then, the VMA is designed to incorporate two populations, a monkey population and a virus population, enabling the horizontal propagation between the monkey and virus individuals and the vertical inheritance of monkey's position information from the previous to following position. Correspondingly, the monkey population in this paper is divided into the superior and inferior monkey populations, and the virus population is divided into the serious and slight virus populations. The serious virus is used to infect the inferior monkey to make it escape from the local optima, while the slight virus is adopted to infect the superior monkey to let it find a better result in the nearby area. This kind of novel virus infection operator enables the coevolution of monkey and virus populations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed VMA is demonstrated by designing the sensor network of the Canton Tower, the tallest TV Tower in China. Results show that innovations in the VMA proposed in this paper can improve the convergence of algorithm compared with the original monkey algorithm (MA).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1990

Analysis of genetic structure in Kimpo natural population of Drosophila was carried out by utilizing the deleterious gene on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Male flies tested were continuously collected for eight years; in late September 1974 and 1981-1987. The frequency of deleterious gene (lethal plus semilethal) ranged from 27.02% in 1983 to 41.48% in 1987, and the values estimated from the eight years samples are highly signihcent from each other with a homogenety test (X$^2$=52.0157, d.f.=28, P<0.005). Allelic rates ranged from 1.30% in 1981 to 5.03% in 1974. And the effective population size by using the rate of allelism was estimated average at 3, 300 pairs. Elimination rate by homozygous of lethal gene ranged from 0.0004 in 1984 to 0.0019 in 1974, and that is for smaller than mutation rate(0.005) at second chromosome. We suppose that stable frequency (about 20%) lethal genes of D. melanogaster in Kimpo natual population are maintained by invade of P-type mutator factor (P element) versus eliminated in heterozygous and homozygous condition of lethal gene.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.63-80
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the Kwang-yang Iron and Steel Co.(KSCO) on the industrialization of the economic structure in Kwang-yang area. The research used the shift-share analysis and regional growth rate differential analysis. KSCO has influenced this area by changing the economic structure from traditional agriculture and fisheries to the manufacturing industry. KSCO also has influenced the population of Kwang-yang area. The number of employees grew from 594 in 1981 to 29,865 in 1992. However, after 1992, employee numbers decreased to 23,399 in 1998. KSCO was constructed in the region of traditional agriculture and fisheries in 1981. The social and economic status of the Kwang-yang area has changed greatly due to the growth of KSCO and the corresponding influx in population. KSCO has developed the related industry and changed this area into a booming industrial city. The number of employee has rapidly increased. At the end of the year 2000, 17,240 people work for KSCO and 39,593(28.7%) of the total population of Kwang-yang are related to KSCO.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

Genetic diversity among Thaumatococcus daniellii populations in the southwestern region of Nigeria were assessed using morphometric and molecular markers to determine the population structure and existing genetic relationship for its improvement, conservation and sustainable utilisation. Populations from five locations in each of the six states were used for the study. Morphometric data were collected on folia characters and analysed for variability. Genome DNA was isolated from the plant leaf and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) to determine the allelic polymorphism, marker effectiveness and genetic relationship of the population. The results showed significant variations in petiole length and leaf dimensions of the populations within and across the states. These morphometric traits are the major parameters that delimit the populations and they correlated significantly at P≤0.05. Analysis of the electrophoregram showed that the ISSR markers are effective for the diversity study. A total of 136 loci were amplified with an average of 7.16 loci per marker, 63.2% of the loci were polymorphic. The Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed that seven factors accounted for 81.6% of the variation and the dendrogram separated the populations into two major groups at a genetic distance of 10 (about 90% similarity) with sub-groups and clusters. Most populations within the state had a high degree of similarity, nonetheless, strong genetic relationship exists among populations from different states. The close relationship between populations across the states suggests a common progenitor, which are likely separated by ecological or geographical isolation mechanisms.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

Small business owners are relatively likely to be alienated from various benefits caused by the change to a big data/AI-based society. To support them, we would like to detect a hot place based on the floating population to support small business owners' decision-making in the start-up area. Through various studies, it is known that the population size of the region has an important effect on the sales of small business owners. In this study, inland regions were extracted from the Incheon floating population data from January 2019 to June 2022. the Data is consisted of a grid of 50m intervals, central coordinates and the population for each grid are presented, made image structure through imputation to maintain spatial information. Spatial outliers were removed and imputated using LOF and GAM, and temporal outliers were removed and imputated through LOESS. We used ConvLSTM which can take both temporal and spatial characteristics into account as a predictive model, and used AutoEncoder structure, which performs outliers detection based on reconstruction error to define an area with high MAPE as a hot place.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2016

A locally adapted plant population under harsh environmental changes might survive for a long generation through maintaining proper level of genetic diversity. When it happens losing the genetic diversity too much fast, the population could be declining and probably become extinct. An isolated small population of Populus davidiana was investigated to study out the genetic diversity and the fine-scale spatial genetic structure. The estimated number of adult trees in the population of Mt. Worak, South Korea, was 350 in the total area of $14,000m^2$. The number of adults in a study plot ($70m{\times}70m$) was 123. The average age was 16-year-old and a 32-year-old tree was the oldest. The distribution of individuals was slightly aggregated in the plot. Sixty-one among the 123 individuals were randomly sampled to estimate genetic variation using AFLP markers. One hundred fifty-one (77%) of total 196 amplicons were polymorphic from six AFLP primer combinations. The average number of loci per primer combination was 32.7 (S.D.=7.2). Expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) and Shannon's diversity index (S.I.) were 0.154 and 0.254, respectively. These values were extremely lower than those of other P. davidiana populations in South Korea. Genetic patchiness was showed within 21 meters by spatial autocorrelation analysis and the isolated small size of population might be mainly attributed to the formation of such small patch size.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2012

This study was examined for information of management of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus which is disturbance species of underwater ecosystem in Korea. Research of bluegill population was investigated spring-summer and autumn periods in the Han river system from 2009 to 2012. Bluegill inhabited mostly lakes, and restrictedly lived at still area in downstream. The range of relative abundance were 0.2~18.2% in individual number and 0.2~40.0% in biomass and it was subdominant or superiority species for the most part of the lakes. Population structure were analyzed r-strategy in Lake Soyang and Paldang and K-strategy in Lake Uiam and Cheongpyeong. But Lake Chungju was estimated transition period from K-strategy to r-strategy. Condition factor and body weight-total length relations were presented favorable condition. For the nesting, bluegill was formatted the group. And the water depth and the distance from shore were mean 56.3 cm and 191.9 cm respectively in nesting ground. Diameter and depth of nests were mean 42.4 cm and 9.7 cm respectively. These results are available for research of population dynamics and reproductive ecology of bluegill.