• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2023

잔가시고기 Pungitius kaibarae의 신규 집단인 고령(GR) 집단과 야생 집단의 특성을 규명하기 위해 미토콘드리아 cytb 유전자 영역의 886 bp 서열을 이용 총 4개 집단 (경상북도 고령(회천, GR), 포항(곡강천, PH), 경산(오목천, GYSA), 강원도 고성(배봉천, GS))을 분석하였다. 고령(GR) 집단에서 가장 낮은 haplotype 다양성을 나타냈고(H_d=0.000), 고성(GS) 집단에서 0.755로 가장 높은 haplotype 다양성을 확인하였다. Nucleotide 다양성은 고성(GS) 집단에서 0.00291로 가장 높은 다양성을 나타냈으며, 고령(GR) 집단에서 가장 0.00000로 가장 낮은 다양성을 보였다. 유전적 분화도에서 고령(GR) 집단은 포항(PH) 집단과 유전적으로 가장 가까운 것으로 나타났다. Haplotype 네트워크는 고령 (GR) 집단이 포항(PH) 집단과 군집되어 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 고령(GR) 집단은 계통발생학적 tree에서 높은 지지도(98%)의 값으로 포항(PH) 집단과 군집됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 고령(GR) 집단은 포항(PH) 집단과 유사한 집단에서 유래됨을 추정하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The nerippe fritillary butterfly, Argynnis nerippe, is listed as an endangered species in Korea. Establishment of effective conservation strategies can be aided by the development and application of molecular markers that can be used to investigate the population genetics of the butterfly. Therefore, in this study, we identified ten microsatellite markers specific to A. nerippe using the Next-Seq 500 platform, and applied these markers to investigate the characteristics of five South Korean butterfly populations. Genotyping of 48 A. nerippe individuals from five localities showed that at each locus the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 14, and that the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.324-0.863 and 0.138-0.985, respectively. Significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed at any locus. Population structure analysis indicated that there are two genetic groups in Korea, but no population-based gene pool assignments were found. Analysis of $F_{ST}$, $R_{ST}$, and a principal coordinates analysis suggested that the Gureopdo and Yaecheon populations were isolated from other populations. Genetic isolation of the Gureopdo population may be a consequence of unequal population change between Gureopdo and inland populations and to the offshore habitat of Gureopdo. Genetic isolation of the Yaecheon population may be a consequence either of the southernmost location of the population or of the limited sample size available. Further studies with increased sample sizes will be necessary to draw robust conclusions on population isolation and to devise conservation strategies.

• 한국인구학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

While various fiscal measures have been used to influence regional capital inflow or industrial location, the effect of fiscal variables on labor mobility has been little understood. Understanding the relationship between the composition of local public and urban migration would enhance the city govenment's ability to pursue an appropriate population policy. In order to examine the potential for local public finance to be utilized as a policy tool in directing urban population growth, this paper analyzes the impact of local government financial structure on urban migration. In examining the data on local government finance and the changes in population of Korean cities during the last ten years, it was found that cities with high per capita expenditure in regional development have experienced high population growth rates. In this study migration equations were constructed using various fiscal variables such as the proportion of special account expenditures which are mostly spent for local development purposes, per capita regional development expenditure, degree of local financial independence and per capita net fiscal benefit, along with other explanatory variables. The results of regression analysis showed that city government's regional development expenditure variables have a positive effect on urban net migration and a negative effect on outmigration. Fiscal independence and per capita net fiscal benefit had mixed effects on in and out migration variables, implying that local tax burden does not consistently deter inmigration or induce outmigration. Based on the results of this study some important policy implications can be found regarding local government's fiscal policies. Those cities seeking to attract higher population inflow should make a greater effort in appropriating local expenditures for regional development purposes such as infrastructure, housing, and transportation. city governments should not be too concerned about high local tax burden or necessarily seek to enhance financial independence for these factors do not exert a clear influence on urban population growth or labor supply.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.48-67
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• 2021

식물 종은 주어진 환경조건과의 상호작용의 결과로 현재와 같은 특성을 나타낸다. 제비꽃속의 식물은 적응전략으로 개방화와 더불어 왕성한 영양번식체계를 선택하였거나 또는 폐쇄화를 발달시키는 전략을 선택하였다. 왕제비꽃은 제비꽃 속의 식물로 세계적으로 한반도와 중국 지린(길림)성의 동부에만 분포한다. 분포의 중심과 가장자리는 서로 다른 개체군 동태를 나타낼 것으로 예상된다. 왕제비꽃이 복합적인종자생산전략(Mixed-mating strategy)을 소유함에도 현재와 같은 제한적인 분포를 나타내는 원인을 알아볼 필요가 있다. 먼저 우리는 분포지의 식생환경을 조사하여 그 특성을 평가하였다. 식물계절학을 통해 생장특성을 알아보았다. 또한 개체군의 구조, 개방화의 결실특성, 폐쇄화의 생산성을 평가하였다. 그리고 2014년과 2018년 사이의 개체군크기 변화를 비교하였다. 분포지의 대부분은 계곡에 인접한 낙엽활엽수혼효림의 식생하부에 위치하였다. 4~5월에 자가불화합성의 개방화를 생산하였고 6~9월까지 폐쇄화를 생산하였다. 폐쇄화의 생산은 불확실한 환경변화에서 종자의 생산을 보증하기 위한 전략으로 평가되며 개방화에 비해 약 2배의 생산량을 나타내었다. 개체군의 구조는 안정적인 지역과 매우 불안정한 지역이 구분되었다. 2014년에 비해 2018년의 조사에서 개체군의 급격한 감소를 경험한 지역이 존재하였다. 이러한 큰 폭의 감소는 가장자리 개체군에서 크게 나타나는 것으로 평가되었다. 왕제비꽃 분포지는 가뭄이라는 자연적인 교란 요인과 분포지를 구성하는 기질에 따른 다양한 미소입지의 존재로 다양한 식물을 부양하였다. 이러한 불확실한 조건에서 폐쇄화를 통해 종자의 생산을 보증하고 그에 따라 자연적인 교란요인이 제거되었을 때 빠르게 유묘의 재정착과 개체군의 보충이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 환경요인은 모든 개체군 및 개체군 내의 모든 개체에 동일하게 작용하지 않는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 지역적으로 급격한 개체수의 감소에도 불구하고 완전한 소멸에 이르지 않을 것이고 환경의 변화에 따라 국지적인 소멸과 재정착이 반복될 것으로 예상되었다. 우리는 본 연구를 통해 수집된 종의 특성에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 추가적인 분포지의 조사가 필요함을 제안하였다. 또한 효과적인 보전 전략의 수립과 시행을 위해서는 보다 장기적인 개체군 동태와 개방화와 폐쇄화의 유전적 특성을 평가하는 것이 필요함을 제안하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3973-3980
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• 2014

Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in men but still limited knowledge is available about its associated functional SNPs including rs1042522 (Pro72Arg). The present study was undertaken to explore the association of this SNP with susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma along with its structural and functional impacts in the Pakistani population in a case-control study. Three-dimensional structure of human TP53 with Pro72Arg polymorphism was predicted through homology modeling, refined and validated for detailed structure-based assessment. We also carried out a HuGE review of the previous available data for this polymorphism. Different genetic models were used to evaluate the genotypes association with the increased risk of PCa (Allelic contrast: OR=0.0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.50, p=0.000; GG vs CC: OR=0.17, 95%CI 0.08-0.38, p=0.000; Homozygous: OR=0.08, 95%CI 0.04-0.15, p=0.000; GC vs CC: OR=2.14, 95%CI 1.01-4.51, p=0.046; Recessive model: OR=0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.18, p=0.000; Log Additive: OR=3.54, 95%CI 2.13-5.89, p=0.000) except the Dominant model (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.52, p=0.46). Structure and functional analysis revealed that the SNP in the proline rich domain is responsible for interaction with HRMT1L2 and WWOX. In conclusion, it was observed that the Arg coding G allele is highly associated with increased risk of prostate adenocarcinoma in the Pakistani population (p=0.000).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.293-305
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• 2007

This study examined the distribution, population and vegetation structure of Corylopsis coreana in South Korea. C. coreana is distributed around the Suncheon area, Jeollanam-do, on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, but the species is also found in Pocheon and Gangneung, on the central and central east parts of the peninsula. This discontinuous pattern of distribution is coupled with the unusual feature of only growing on northern exposed slopes. The mean density of C. coreana populations is 35 individuals per 100 $m^2$, ranging up to a maximum of 92 individuals per 100 $m^2$. Cut specimens sprouted a maximum of 38 stems per plant. Based on DCA analysis, the species' habitats was divided into three types by species composition and stratification structure. These types include: habitats affected strongly by human activities, valley and mantle communities which are affected relatively little by human activities, and stable forests. Populations affected by artificial intervention have actually flourished, while some populations in the stable forest system have declined. We conclude that the species, now endangered, should be maintained by means of specific external interventions such as cutting or removal of the canopy. To this end, further ecological data should be collected through monitoring and research to identify appropriate interventions to support threatened C. coreana populations.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2013

본 연구는 계방산 가문비나무 임분을 대상으로 2012년 3월부터 10월까지 36개의 영구조사구를 설치하여 개체군 구조와 동태를 분석하였다. 가문비나무의 흉고직경급별 개체 분포는 직경 10 cm 미만이 32본(50.0%), 직경 10 cm~30 cm 미만이 20본(31.2%), 직경 30 cm 이상이 11본(18.8%)으로 직경이 커질수록 개체수가 감소하는 역 J자형의 분포 유형을 나타내었다. 가문비나무 유묘 및 치수는 상층임관이 열려있거나 햇볕이 잘 들어오는 곳, 그루터기(stump)와 같이 유기물 및 수분경쟁이 유리한 장소를 선호하는 경향이었다. 연륜생장을 분석하여 가문비나무 임분 내 교란시점을 추정한 결과 1854년, 1915년, 1918년, 1993년, 2002년 전후로 하여 발생하였으며, 숲 틈 형성목(gap-maker)의 유형은 서서 죽는 경우(standing dead)가 23본(45.1%)으로 가장 많았다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

넙치의 자원조성을 위해 인위적으로 생산된 넙치종묘를 방류함에 따라 이들 방류에 의해 그 지역에 서식하고 있는 자연집단에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 4개 지역 (YD, SC, GJ, WD)에서 어획된 넙치집단의 유전학적 구조와 다양성을 5개의 microsatellite DNA marker를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사된 지역에서 방류넙치의 혼획율은 20.0~95.8%였다. 넙치집단의 평균 이형접합체(Ho)의 범위는 0.833~0.876이었으며, 지역집단별 평균대립유전자수는 YD 집단 15.0개, SC 집단 17.8개, GJ 집단 14.6개, WD 집단 12.4개였으며, 방류어의 혼획율이 20.0%이었던 SC 집단에서 높게 나타났고 방류어의 혼획율이 95.8%이었던 WD 집단에서 낮게 나타나 방류어의 혼획율이 높을수록 지역집단의 대립유전자의 수가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 집단간 유전학적 거리의 범위는 0.026~0.232로서 WD 집단과 GJ 집단간에서 가장 낮았고, SC-R 집단과 YD-W 집단간에서 가장 멀게 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2017

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most damaging viruses infecting sugarcane, maize and some other graminaceous species around the world. To investigate the genetic diversity of SCMV in Iran, the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 23 SCMV isolates from different hosts were determined. The nucleotide sequence identity among Iranian isolates was more than 96%. They shared nucleotide identities of 75.5-99.9% with those of other SCMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with the Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 (97.5-99.9%). The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested five divergent evolutionary lineages that did not completely reflect the geographical origin or host plant of the isolates. Population genetic analysis revealed greater between-group than within-group evolutionary divergence values, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated that natural selection might have contributed to the evolution of isolates belonging to the five identified SCMV groups, with infrequent genetic exchanges occurring between them. Phylogenetic analyses and the estimation of genetic distance indicated that Iranian isolates have low genetic diversity. No recombination was found in the CP cistron of Iranian isolates and the CP gene was under negative selection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the population structure and driving forces for the evolution of SCMV with implications for global exchange of sugarcane germplasm. Gene flow, selection and somehow homologous recombination were found to be the important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of SCMV populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Objective: The first stage in both breeding and programs for the conservation of genetic resources are the identification of genetic diversity in the relevant population. The aim of the present study is to identify genetic diversity of six brown layer pure chicken lines (Rhode Island Red [RIRI, RIRII], Barred Rock [BARI, BARII], Columbian Rock [COL], and line 54 [L-54]) with microsatellite markers. Furthermore, the study aims to employ its findings to discuss the possibilities for the conservation and sustainable use of these lines that have been bred as closed populations for a long time. Methods: In the present study, a total number of 180 samples belonging to RIRI (n = 30), RIRII (n = 30), BARI (n = 30), BARII (n = 30), L-54 (n = 30), and COL (n = 30) lines were genotyped using 22 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite markers are extremely useful tools in the identification of genetic diversity since they are distributed throughout the eukaryotic genome in multitudes, demonstrate co-dominant inheritance and they feature a high rate of polymorphism and repeatability. Results: In this study, we found all loci to be polymorphic and identified the average number of alleles per locus to be in the range between 4.41 (BARI) and 5.45 (RIRI); the observed heterozygosity to be in the range between 0.31 (RIRII) and 0.50 (BARII); and $F_{IS}$ (inbreeding coefficient) values in the range between 0.16 (L-54) and 0.46 (RIRII). The $F_{IS}$ values obtained in this context points out to a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency in six different populations. The Neighbour-Joining tree, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and STRUCTURE clustering analyzes showed that six brown layer lines were separated according to their genetic origins. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicate a medium level of genetic diversity, high level inbreeding in chicken lines and high level genetic differentiation between chicken lines.