• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.1 s.23
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• pp.82-88
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• 1988

The main objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases, to find the important risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. This study is a part of Eumseong Community Health Project supportes by GTZ(West German Goverment). 116 perceived cases of cerebrovascular diseases were first screened by health interview and examinations and 80 cases were diagnosed as a cerebrovascular group. For comparison, 80 cases were matched with their neighbor controls of the same sex and the similar age. 1. The prevalence rate for cerebrovascular diseases was 476.3 per 100,000 population which is considered to be very high compared with that of other countries. Age adjusted rate for cerebrovascular diseases was 261.6 per 100,000. 2. Among the risk factors examined for the association with cerebrovascular diseases by case-control study, and analysed by paired marginal test(McNemar's $X^2$-test) and odds ratio, only hypertension showed high significant statistical association.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2483-2486
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of tobacco smoking, toombak dipping and alcohol consumption as risk factors for cancer in the adult population of the northern state of Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from March to April 2010, covering 963 adults, was performed. Result: Only 207 had responded, and the male female prevalence was 20.8% and 0.73%. Out of 207 respondents, 29.5% had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, 38% were toombak dippers, while 14% were consumers of alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: The prevalence of toombak dipping was higher than tobacco smoking among the adult population in the northern state of Sudan. Female participation in tobacco and alcohol related studies was found to suffer from major obstacles since these habits are considered as social stigma. Appreciation of the full impact of smoking on population health will definitely make a major contribution to improvement of the poor public health situation in Sudan.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.261-274
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• 2014

In this paper we develop Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators of the finite population mean with the assumption of posterior linearity rather than normality of the superpopulation under the balanced loss function. We compare the performance of the optimal Bayes estimator with ones of the classical sample mean and the usual Bayes estimator under the squared error loss with respect to the posterior expected losses, risks and Bayes risks when the underlying distribution is normal as well as when they are binomial and Poisson.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.685-696
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• 2014

In this paper, we develop Bayesian inference of the finite population mean with the assumption of posterior linearity rather than normality of the superpopulation in the presence of auxiliary information under the balanced loss function. We compare the performance of the optimal Bayes estimator under the balanced loss function with ones of the classical ratio estimator and the usual Bayes estimator in terms of the posterior expected losses, risks and Bayes risks.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

Cholesterol, the main structural molecule of cell membranes, is involved in essential functions of the human body. Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that is observed even in childhood. To reduce the risk of CVDs in children, several clinical guidelines have been published for the management of pediatric dyslipidemia. However, pediatric dyslipidemia is also associated with several health problems other than CVDs. This article reviews the current data on dyslipidemia-related pediatric health issues. There is strong evidence that low serum vitamin D levels, asthma, and mental health problems may be associated with dyslipidemia in the pediatric population regardless of body mass index. This review also highlights the need for further large-scale population-based studies in the Korean pediatric population to establish effective strategies for promoting children's health.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2020

In an internal document, CORONA-VIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PLAN, release developed stated that "on January 22, 2020, Palau Ministry of Health activated its emergency operations center, and since then has prepared and put in place measures in response to this global pandemic." The actions eventually led to the closure of most flights coming into Palau as a method to protect its population. The population of is at high risk with COVID19 due to the very elevated rate of NCD's, as well as the limited access to proper testing and treatment facilities. Increased use of traditional medicines in the population has reduced the co-morbidities by reducing risk factors. Furthermore, the expansion of tradtional NCD therapies, especially that of DAK reduce pressure due to obesity and diabetes therefore allowing for unimpaired immune systems to combat deadly infectious diseases such as COVID19.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.236-245
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to develop a screening model for identifying a high risk group of dementia and to develop and evaluate the web-based prevention program. Method: It was conducted in 5 phases. 1) Data were collected from dementia patients and non-dementia patients in a community. 2) A screening model of the high risk population was constructed. 3) The validity test was performed and the model was confirmed. 4) Four weeks-prevention program was developed. 5) The program was administered, and evaluated the effects. Result: The model consisted of age, illiteracy, history of stroke and hypercholesterolemia. The program was designed with 12 sessions, group health education using web-based individual instruction program, and 12 sessions of low-intensity physical exercise program. After the completion, their self-efficacy, and health behaviors in experimental group were significantly improved over those in the control group. The perceived barrier in the treatment group is significantly decreased. Conclusion: The screening model developed is very simple and can be utilized in diverse community settings. And the web based prevention program will encourage individual learning and timely feedback, therefore it can facilitate their active participation and promote health management behaviors at home.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

This paper describes a set of multi-pathway models for estimating health risk to lead. The models link concentrations of an environmental contaminant (lead) in air, water and food to human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dietary routes. Exposure is used as the foundation for predicting risk of health detriment within the population. The process of estimating exposure using often limited data and extrapolating to a large diverse population requires many assumption, inferences, and simplification. This paper is divided into four section. The first section provides lead contaminant levels on obtaining environmental concentration of air, tap water, and foods. The second section provides a discussion of exposure parameters and uncertainty associated predicting human health risk of contaminants. The third and fourth section illustrate lifetime average daily exposure (LADE) and excess cancer risk (ECR) based on exposure parameters. The relationship between concentration of lead in an environmental medium and human exposure is determined with pathway exposure factors (PEFs). The calculation of LADE and ECR is carried out using Monte-Carlo simulation with probability density function of exposure parameters. Examination of the result reveals that, for lead exposure, ingestion (food) is the dominant route of exposure rather than inhalation (air), and ingestion (tap eater).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

Purpose: This study seeks to examine prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of Korean adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-1, 2008), the researchers selected 1,458 adults over the age of 45. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Prevalence of COPD was computed on the basis of the sampling weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS WIN 18.0 and SAS Ver. 9.1 program. Results: The prevalence of COPD was 18.0% among people older than 45 yr. The prevalence of current smokers was 19.7% in this population and 26.3% in individuals with COPD. Age, gender, education, and smoking levels were found to be risk factors for COPD. Significant difference in quality of life was founded between adults with COPD and the healthy controls. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that COPD is a highly prevalent disease in Korea. To reduce the prevalence of COPD and improve health-related quality of life in patients with COPD, nursing interventions must focus on prevention of risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2193-2197
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• 2012

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of folate, and the role of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in cervical carcinogenesis is still controversial. Method: We performed a meta-analysis of all relevant case-control studies that examined any association between the C677T polymorphism and cervical cancer risk. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) with their confidence intervals (CIs) to assess links. Results: Finally, 10 studies with a total of 2113 cervical cancer cases and 2804 controls were included. Results from this meta-analysis showed that significantly elevated cervical cancer risk was associated with the MTHFR T allele in the Asian population under conditions of two genetic comparison models (for TT vs. CC, OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.00-1.87, P = 0.050; for TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.01-1.77, P = 0.039). However, there was no obvious association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cervical cancer risk in the other populations. Conclusion: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with cervical cancer risk in Asians, while any possible link in the Caucasian population needs further studies.