• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

PURPOSES : As the population of the mobility handicapped, who are classified as the disabled, the elderly, pregnant women, children, etc., has increased, the voices for guaranteeing their rights have been increasing as well. Thus, the design manuals for roads and sidewalks for the mobility handicapped were developed by the local government, such as the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Tourism, in Seoul City. However, according to the 2013 survey results of the Seoul Metropolitan City, the mobility handicapped still feel uncomfortable with the sidewalks, and particularly request for the improvement of the step and slope of the sidewalk curb. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an empirical experimental study to determine the slope of the sidewalk curb and height of the steps considering the mobility handicapped and analyzed whether there is a statistically significant difference. METHODS : The methodology of this study is an empirical experimental one. In the study, five non-disabled people, 10 wheelchair users, and 10 eye patch and stick users walked about 2-3 min on the sidewalk plates of the sloped type (0%, 5%, 6.3%, 8.3%) and stepped type (0 cm, 1 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm), and their human physiological responses, such as the skin temperature, volume of perspiration on forehead and chest, and heart rate, were measured and recorded. After combining the data, we conducted a nonparametric test, ANOVA, or t-test to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference according to each slope and step type. RESULTS : It was found that for the non-disabled, there was no significant difference in human physiological responses according to the slope and steps of the sidewalk. It can be said that the non-disabled do not feel much physiological discomfort while walking. In the case of the sloped sidewalk plate, the heart rate of the wheel chair users increased when the slope was 6.3%. In the case of the eye patch and stick users, the volume of perspiration on the chest increased at a slope of 5.0%. In general, it is judged that a sidewalk with a slope that is less than 5% does not cause a change in the physiological response. In the case of a stepped sidewalk plate, when 0 cm, 1 cm, and 3 cm were compared for wheelchair users, the amount of forehead perspiration increased from 1 cm. Meanwhile, in the case of the eye patch and stick users, when 0 cm and 6 cm were compared, the amount of perspiration on the forehead and chest as well as the heart rate all increased at 6 cm. Taken together, in the case of wheelchair users, a difference was shown when the height of the step of the sidewalk plate was 1 cm, suggesting that installing it at 0 cm does not cause any physiological discomfort. Moreover, in the case of the eye patch and stick users, when comparing only 0 cm and 6 cm, 0 cm was considered to be suitable, as there was a difference in physiological response at 6 cm. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, we set the human physiological responses such as chest skin temperature, amount of perspiration, and heart rate as evaluation items, and our study was considered to be a meaningful experiment that targeted wheelchair users as well as eye patch and stick users. The validity of the evaluation items was confirmed, as the results of human physiological responses were significant. As for the sidewalk design, according to the experiment result, it is considered that differential application should be implemented according to the type of mobility handicap, rather than uniformly applying a sidewalk step of 2 cm and sidewalk slope of 1/25, which are the current legal standards.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2005

This study takes of youth panel data(2002-2003), there is the purpose to know to youth employed's labor mobility conditions of employment status conversion and examine on factors affecting conversion of employment status. Main analysis result and policy imply, is as following. First, although youth employed's non-standard employment shows some decrease, employment youth hierarchy was construed that youth of our country is consisting very changefully because appear great turnover that is converted by unemployment or Not economically activity population same period. Specially, non-standard employment phenomenon of woman or low in scholarship person appeared notedly, and because phenomenon that is converted by unemployment or Not economically activity population is expose that is deepened, discriminating policy of government dimension is required for employment stabilization of these class. Second, show result that danger to escape to non-standard job risk trap which seeking employment activity of youth class is arranged case or company which is formed by official path is suitable becomes low, must formulate path of employment about youth class and improve qualitative level of employment through suitable job placement education of youth class or function (technology) level. Third, when was construed, but take into account that the although large enterprise have low risk in non-standard job, recently employment of youth class consists very limited, rather small scale business or smaller enterprise's competitive power preferably need to be plan. Finally, danger to non-standard job youth employed's company form is government connection wonder was expose that high, Such result can do that it is difficult by limited research period, but reflect actuality that youth unemployment policy of our country is enforced laying stress on public labor or unregular job employment such as internship system. Therefore, current youth unemployment policy may have to change by employment policy that can secure stable work record by youth class or act as bridge-building that promote conversion by full-time job.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2009

Extracellular matrix(ECM) is known to function as a reservoir of endogenous growth factors, can be an effective delivery system of growth factor that easily lost bioactivity in solution. Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the ECM and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of absorbable Atelo-collagen Sponge($Teruplug^{(R)}$) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the mandibular second molar after the extraction of the impacted third molar. The study population comprised 31 cases who had been scheduled for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. All patients were in good general health and were not using any medication that would influence wound healing after surgery. In 15 cases control group, none was inserted into the tooth extraction site. In 16 cases experimental groups, $Teruplug^{(R)}$ was inserted into the tooth extraction site. We evaluated tooth mobility, pocket depth, gingival margin level preoperatively and 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. The change was compared with two groups using Mann-Whitney test. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant change of tooth mobility on both groups. 2. There was tendency of decreasing of previous pocket depth causing tooth extraction on both groups. 3. On gingival margin level, there was various change according to initial swelling and loss of attachment on both groups. 4. There was tendency of decreasing of gingival margin level on both groups because of removal of inflammation and decreasing of previous pocket depth. 5. There was large change of pocket depth on buccal middle, distal, lingual distal area because of tooth extraction and bone reduction. Compared with the control group and experimental group, we observed significant difference during some periods. The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge($Teruplug^{(R)}$) is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing and enhance periodontal healing.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This paper is the output of a collaborative European project concerning the barrier free accessibility for disabled persons to regional and long distance trains in Europe. Disabled people represent around 13% of the population in Europe. This is approximately 63 million people. The range of disabilities includes people with reduced mobility including wheel chair users, viewing and hearing impaired people and other forms of impairment. Improving accessibility aims at contributing to the provision of public transport services to all citizens in an equitable way. The purpose of the project was to analyse and to evaluate the existing solutions at selected European railways for all required modules at the entrance (doors, information and safety solutions), to derive a design concept, to develop a mock-up in meeting the needs of rail travellers with the above mentioned impairments and to test it with user groups. The project also aims at deriving components for the determination of standards. The EUPAX Design Mock-up test was performed to verify the advantages of the layout of the train segment including the different modules such as access area (including the access door, gaps between platform and train as well as boarding aid devices), entrance vestibule, information systems inside and outside the train, emergency facilities, toilet with all conveniences and the additional test arrangements regarding push buttons, steps and emergency equipment. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed for the assessment of the EUPAX segment and the additional test arrangements. With the help of this questionnaire it was possible to execute a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. During three test phases 67 experts and handicapped persons from 6 countries have evaluated the Industrial Design mock-up based on this questionnaire. The test group covered persons from North (Denmark) to the South (Italy) and from the West (Spain) to the Middle of Europe (Germany). This is especially important for the generalization (harmonisation) of the results for all European countries. According to COST 335 the information for people with reduced mobility should be clear, concise, accurate and timely. So that all information can be received from persons, they must be transferred on at least two of the three possible ways (acoustical, visual, tactile), a so called "2-sense-principle". Based on the results ergonomic specifications/ solutions for the ergonomic design of the access area, the acoustic, visual and tactile information and the emergency devices including the emergency communication system were developed, related to the benefiting passenger groups.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-50
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• 2017

The rise of Hallyu (Korean Wave) has generated a treasury of historiographic and cultural inquiries into the phenomenal success of South Korea's media entertainment industry. Whereas the majority of such studies focus on TV dramas and popular music, there is a medium, or rather a hybrid sub-genre within the medium category of short films, that must be reexamined and thus appreciated as the archetypal predecessor of popular Hallyu contents: music videos. The rapidly changing social, political, and economic climate in the mid- to late 1990s called for content that would grasp the attention of a younger, increasingly mobile population with diversified interests and routines that no longer guaranteed fixed-time viewership. Meanwhile, the advent of cable TV channels and high-speed internet service ensured greater temporal and infrastructural accessibility. The media entertainment industry's response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from these sudden growths in the scale, range, connectivity, and mobility of consumer demographics was synergetic cross-sector collaboration in the form of dramatized blockbuster music videos, which combined two popular and lucrative genres: trendy dramas and ballad music. In this essay, by relocating Hallyu's archetypal medium/genre, I claim that increasing upward and sideways mobility across sectors not only inspired new production but also reconfigured the very concept, form, and impact of media-driven cultural imaginary in South Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2021

Modern methods of regulating migration processes in EU states include a wide variety of adapted, transformed under the sway of globalization tools in order to influence the movement of human capital within the European space. The main purpose of the regulatory policy on migration flows is the redistribution of professionally competent professionals between different spheres of life. Herewith, the determining factor in the effectiveness of such distribution is a rational combination of stimulating and disincentive levers of influence on the movement of citizens of different EU countries and taking into account the motives of such mobility. Modernization of migration management approaches can be a major economic, social, political and cultural progress of European countries. The purpose of the research is to conduct a detailed analysis of existing practices of migration flow management, in particular their stimulation or containment, and to outline key migration trends formed under the influence of multicomponent approaches to migration regulation, transformation of regulatory legislation and changing priorities of modern society. The research methods: statistical-analytical method; ARIS method; method of tabular, graphical and analytical modeling; comparative analysis; systematization, generalization. Results. Current pan-European methods of regulating migration processes are insufficiently adapted to the multinational socialeconomic space; consequently, there are some disparities in the distribution of migrants between EU countries, although the overall dynamics of migration is positive. Fluctuations in the population of European countries during 2000-2019 and trends in the transformation of social-economic space confirm the insufficient level of influence of current methods of regulating migration flows. Along with this, the presence of a characteristic asymmetry in the distribution of migrants requires a greater focus on the modernization of regulatory instruments, in particular, the regulatory mechanism for managing migration processes. As a result of the conducted study, further prospects for the implementation of alternative methods of regulating migration processes in EU states have been outlined; the current and projected limits for increasing the level of observance of migrants' rights at the European level have been clarified through the adoption of appropriate regulatory acts; effective solutions for intensifying the influx of high-quality labor resources from different countries to EU have been identified. The research results can be used to study methods of regulating migration processes in the countries in the global dimension.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.375-386
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• 2018

Due to the rapid increase of the elderly population in Korea, there is a growing interest in 'Healthy Aging.' In this trend, it is important to identify the relationship between their lifestyle factors and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify the association of physical activity level, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Korean older adults. A total of 4,589 older adults at the Sixth and Seventh National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. The results showed that better HRQoL was observed among physically active older female, which was more evident among physically active female with central obesity while no such relationship was observed among older male. On the other hand, higher sedentary time was associated with lower HRQoL in both male and female subjects. Our analyses indicated that central obesity was closely related with HRQoL regardless of their physical activity levels in female subjects. Further analyses investigating association between sub-dimension of HRQoL and sub-domain of physical activity showed that higher transport physical activity was associated with better anxiety/depression score and higher sedentary time was associated with poorer score on mobility, usual activities among male and mobility, self-care, usual activity and anxiety/depression among female. Our finding suggests that physical activity level, sedentary behavior and central obesity associated with HRQoL.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2024

This study presents a fine scale distribution of the endangered species, Odontobutis obscura, through field surveys and literature reviews. Using the mark-recapture method, the population size in major habitats was determined. Field surveys conducted on 18 streams in Geoje Island revealed that the O. obscura was only found in the main streams and tributaries of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, which are part of the Sanyang Stream watershed. The O. obscura exhibited relative abundances ranging from 0.5% to 35.3% at different locations, with certain spots showing higher relative abundances (18.8% to 35.3%), indicating major habitat areas. A review of six literature studies confirmed the presence of the O. obscura, although there were differences in occurrence status depending on the purpose, scope, and duration of the studies. Combining the results of field and literature surveys, it was found that the O. obscura inhabits the main and tributary streams of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, from the upper to lower reaches. Currently, the O. obscura population in the Sanyang Stream watershed maintains a stable habitat, but its limited distribution range suggests potential issues such as genetic diversity deficiency in the long term. The population size of the O. obscura was confirmed at two specific locations, with densities of 0.5 to 1.5 individuals per m². The average movement distance from the release point was 13.1 m, indicating the limited mobility characteristic of ambush predators. Understanding the distribution and population size of endangered species is the first step towards their conservation and protection. Based on this information, further research could significantly contribute to the conservation of the O. obscura.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1989

Genetic and morphometric comparison between two species of the genus Agkistrodon were performed to estimate the degree of genic variation and to clarify the taxonomic status of Cheju population, a suspected hybrid form between A. blomhoffii brevicaudus and A u ussuriensis. A sum of 147 specimens representing six populations of A.b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis was used in this study. Out of the 21 loci examined, 5 loci (Adh, Ldh-2, Mdh-2, Mpi, Pgi) were monomorphic with identical mobility in both species. O Other Sioci (Aco, Gp, Fum, [po and Xdh in A b. brevicaudus; Est, Got-l, Gp, Mdh-l and 6Pgd in A ussuriensis) were highly poplymorphic. The degree of genic variation of Ab. b brevicaudus and A ussuriensis was A=1.SS, P=42.1%, HD=0.096, HG=O.l1S, and A= 1.4S, P = 31.6%, HD=0.117, HG =0.121, repectively. These values are twofold higher t than those of other reptilian species reported (Selander, 1976) including Korean species of Rhabdophis tigrina and Elaphe dione (Paik and Yang, 1986, 1987). The average values of t the genetic similarities among six populations of A b. brevicaudus and two populations of A ussuriensis were S=0.919 and S=0.962, respectively, whereas the value between species was S = 0.662. Presumed divergent time estimate (Nei, 1975) of these two species was about 1 1.8 million years ago. The analysis of the geographic variations of various morphological c characters was based on Gloyd’s criteria (Gloyd, 1972). Coloration of tongue and tail tip, t the number of ventral scales, and the number of subcaudal scales are good diagnostic c characters to identify these two species. The pattern of cross band is, however, highly variable within and between populations of both species. No hybrid was detected and the s suspected hybrid form of Cheju population falls within the range of A. ussuriensis in the g genetic and morphometric analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.318-328
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the characteristics of the aesthetic salon operation and job satisfaction according to important considerations in opening aesthetic salons as well as to provide basic data for improving the operation of the salons. Toward this aim, a questionnaire survey was conducted for owners of small aesthetic salons across South Korea from January-March, 2016. Results were as follows: Among those who identified means of transportation and parking convenience as key considerations in launching aesthetic salon businesses, length of service, length of business operation, monthly fixed revenue and proportion of the highest profit were highest. Job satisfaction (F=3.223, p<.05) was highest (M=4.11) among those that responded 'floating population' as a primary component in launching aesthetic salon businesses, and lowest among owners who mentioned 'cost of investment' (M=3.41). Specifically, job mobility (F=2.960, p<.05) was the highest among respondents who selected means of transportation and parking convenience (M=3.95) as key criteria in launching aesthetic salon business. For the stable operation of an aesthetic salon, a location with high floating population, good transportation, parking convenience, high levels of customer access, and job satisfaction are critical factors. In addition, future studies should examine marketing strategies by operating characteristics.