• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2011

The seven selected primers OPA-02, OPA-04, OPA-18, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPD-15 and OPD-16 were used to generate unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the two species. The hierarchical dendrogram indicates three main branches: cluster 1 (RORETZI 01~RORETZI 11) and cluster 2 (HILGENDORF 12~HILGENDORF 22) from two geographic populations of ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi and H. hilgendorfi. The shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individuals' HILGENDORF no. 14~HILGENDORF no. 19 (genetic distance =0.008). Ultimately, individual no. 02 of the RORETZI ascidian was most distantly related to HILGENDORF no. 21 (genetic distance=0.781). These results demonstrate that the H. roretzi population is genetically different from the H. hilgendorfi population. From what has been said above, the potential of PCR analysis to identify diagnostic markers for the identification of two ascidian populations has been demonstrated. Generally speaking, using a variety of decamer primers, this PCR method has been applied to identify specific markers particular to line, species and geographical population, as well as genetic diversity/polymorphism in diverse species of organisms.

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2020

Nepal has huge potential of hydro and other renewable energy resources including solar energy. However, only 70% of the total population have access to electricity despite the long history of hydropower development in the country. Still more than 37% population in rural areas and around 73% population in Karnali Province, one of the least developed provinces, are living without access to electricity despite taking several initiatives and implementing various policies by government supporting electrification in off-grid rural areas. Government together with donors and private sector has extensively been promoting the off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) echnology in un-electrified areas to increase electricity access. So far, more than 900,000 households in rural areas of Nepal are getting electricity from stand-alone solar PV systems. However, there are many challenges including financial, technical, institutional, and governance barriers in Nepal. This study based on extensive review of literatures and author's own long working experiences in renewable energy sector in Nepal, shares the best practices and lessons of off-grid solar PV for increasing access to electricity in rural areas of Nepal. This study suggests that flexible financial instruments, financial innovations, bundling of PV systems for concentrating energy loads, adopting standards process, local capacity building, and combination of technology, financing and institutional aspects are a key for enhancing effectiveness of solar PV technology in rural areas of Nepal.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 2020

Gastric xanthoma is frequently an incidental finding on upper endoscopy in adults. Gastric xanthomas (GX) can be mistaken for malignancies and warrant prompt histologic diagnosis. The underlying etiology is not fully understood; however, it has been linked to Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. GX in the pediatric population is largely unreported in the literature. Because of the relative rarity, documentation with case reports are essential to provide as much data as possible to see if there is a correlation between GX and malignant potential in the pediatric population. Our group is reporting two cases, a 10-year-old male and a 7-year-old male, both who presented with chronic dysphagia, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Upper endoscopies for both patients revealed small polypoid lesions located in the antrum with foamy histiocytes on histology, leading to the diagnosis of gastric xanthoma.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

Using GIS and socio-economical data the relationship between human activities and global environmental change Is Analysed from the view point of food productivity and CO2 emission. Under the assumption that the population problem, the food problem and global warming due to energy consumption can be stabilized through managing land use, impacts of human activities such as consumption of food, energy and timber on global environment changes, and global population capacity are Analysed using developed system dynamics model in the research. In the model the world is divided into two groups: OECD countries and the others. Used global land use data set Is land cover map derived from satellite data, and potential distribution of arable land is estimated by the method of Clamor and Solomon which takes into consideration spatial distribution of climate data such as precipitation and evapotranspiration. In addition, impacts of CO2 emission from human activities on food production through global warming are included in the model as a feedback. The results of the analysis for BaU scenario and Toronto Conference scenario are similar to the results of existing models. From the result of this study, the human habitability in 2020 is 8 billion people, and CO2 emission in 2020 based on BaU Scenario and on Toronto Scenario is 1.7 and 1.2 times more than the 1986's respectively. Improving spatial resolution of the model by using global data to distribute the environmental variables and sauce-economical indices is left for further studies.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2013

The prediction of externally visible characteristics from DNA has been studied for forensic genetics over the last few years. Externally visible characteristics include hair, skin, and eye color, height, and facial morphology, which have high heritability. Recent studies using genome-wide association analysis have identified genes and variations that correlate with human visible phenotypes and developed phenotype prediction programs. However, most prediction models were constructed and validated based on genotype and phenotype information on Europeans. Therefore, we need to validate prediction models in diverse ethnic populations. In this study, we selected potentially useful variations for forensic science that are associated with hair and eye color, iris pattern, and facial morphology, based on previous studies, and analyzed their frequencies in 1,920 Koreans. Among 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 10 SNPs were polymorphic, 6 SNPs were very rare (minor allele frequency < 0.005), and 4 SNPs were monomorphic in the Korean population. Even though the usability of these SNPs should be verified by an association study in Koreans, this study provides 10 potential SNP markers for forensic science for externally visible characteristics in the Korean population.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-144
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• 2006

The Korea rural health study, a large prospective cohort study, the objectives of this study are exploration for potential causes of agricultural injuries and diseases among farmers. Current medical research suggests that they may have higher rates of some traumatic injuries, pesticide poisoning, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, asthma and other respiratory diseases. This study is designed to identify occupational, lifestyle, and environmental factors of workplace that may affect the rate of diseases in farming population. Round 1, initial cohort recruitment, will begin in 2006 and conclude in 2009. Round 2, follow-up will begin in 2010 and conclude in 2014. Approximately 54,000 persons will be selected to study population. Nested case-control studies and case-crossover studies will be conducted for getting to the bottom of agriculture-related diseases. Recruitment and follow-up are conducted in collaboration with multi-centers. As data on the exposures and health outcomes of this study population are collected and analyzed in 2014. This study will be evaluated by public health experts for effort, achievement, adequacy of performance, efficacy, process of study and so on. The author expects that this cohort study may reduce agricultural injuries and diseases and will provide information that agricultural workers can use in making decisions about their health. Also, this study will be significant basis for strengthening the competitiveness of agriculture in Korea.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2020

In developing countries especially in African continent, rapid population growth in cities is a major concern. Majority of governments in Africa have made more effort to develop urban areas as compared to the rural ones. Social and economic activities are more concentrated in urban areas. This is a pushing factor for the rapid population growth in cities as many people, especially young generation, tend to migrate from rural to urban. This growth leads to excessive exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation and increased pressure on social services. Rapid increased population acts as an encouragement to construct smart cities for achieving needs for present and future generations. Tanzania as one of the developing countries in Africa has taken initiatives in establishing smart cities. The aim of this study therefore, is to examine opportunities and challenges in the development of Smart cities in Tanzania with a case study of Mbeya city. In addition, conceptualization about development of smart cities is proposed to prioritize the planning of smart grid among other smart city infrastructure systems. Conclusively, Mbeya city has a full potential of many strengths and opportunities for successful development as a smart city.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on the author's adapted invariant choice, this study is to present the methodology and the calculation of the integral index of the digital component of the quality of life. By analyzing the digital indexes, the study is also to discuss distribution of ICT and the digital quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan and its regions. Research design, data, methodology: In this research, the method of calculation of integral assessment of the indicator was used, which indicates index constructs. The study analyzed objective secondary data for the period 2017-2019, which was the database from official websites of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: The study produced an integral code for assessing digital components of living standards of the population, consisting of five groups sub-indexes. Conclusions: Based on the provided analyses, we can confirm the existence of a significant difference of all the indicators of digital living standards of the population between the two leading cities: Almaty city and Nur-Sultan city. Furthermore we can deduce the differences of the examined indexes for other regions of Kazakhstan. Despite the rapid adoption of digital technologies, Kazakhstan still has significant digital gaps among cities indicating regional differences in the speed of implementation and distribution of digital technologies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2024

In empirical software engineering research, there is an increased use of questionnaires and surveys to collect information from practitioners. Typically, such data is then analyzed based on overall, descriptive statistics. Overall, they consider the whole survey population as a single group with some sampling techniques to extract varieties. In some cases, the population is also partitioned into sub-groups based on some background information. However, this does not reveal opinion diversity properly as similar opinions can exist in different segments of the population, whereas people within the same group might have different opinions. Even though existing approach can capture the general trends there is a risk that the opinions of different sub-groups are lost. The problem becomes more complex in case of longitudinal studies where minority opinions might fade or resolute over time. Survey based longitudinal data may have some potential patterns which can be extracted through a clustering process. It may reveal new information and attract attention to alternative perspectives. We suggest using a data mining approach to finding the diversity among the different groups in longitudinal studies (agile skeptics). In our study, we show that diversity can be revealed and tracked over time with the use of clustering approach, and the minorities have an opportunity to be heard.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2023

This study aimed to characterize a lytic Salmonella Typhimurium-specific (ST) phage and its biofilm control capability against S. Typhimurium biofilm on polypropylene surface. ST phage was isolated, propagated, and purified from water used in a slaughterhouse. The morphology of ST phage was observed via transmission electron microscopy. Its bactericidal effect was evaluated by determining bacterial concentrations after the phage treatment at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.01, 1.0, and 100. Once the biofilm was formed on the polypropylene tube after incubation at 37℃ for 48 h, the phage was treated and its antibiofilm capability was determined using crystal violet staining and plate count method. The phage was isolated and purified at a final concentration of ~11 log PFU/mL. It was identified as a myophage with an icosahedral head (~104 nm) and contractile tail (~90-115 nm). ST phage could significantly decrease S. Typhimurium population by ~2.8 log CFU/mL at an MOI of 100. After incubation for 48 h, biofilm formation on polypropylene surface was confirmed with a bacterial population of ~6.9 log CFU/cm². After 1 h treatment with ST phage, the bacterial population in the biofilm was reduced by 2.8 log CFU/cm². Therefore, these results suggest that lytic ST phage as a promising biofilm control agent for eradicating S. Typhimurium biofilm formed on food contact surfaces.