• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2013

Deficiency in access to housing is a major manifestation of poverty. In the city of Bangalore, the poor and the marginalized constitute nearly 30 percent of the 8.47 million population (2011 Census) and are living in the nearly 640 slums in addition to squatter settlements and pavements. The city sprawls over an area of 741 sq. kms (2007 estimates) and the poor have very little access to personal living space. According to the Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program guidelines, each household with four average members should have 25 sq. meters of living space. In the case of poor of Bangalore, the attainment of even this minimum is a far cry. In recognition of this acuteness with regard to the problem of housing, the government has introduced schemes like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and the Rajiv Awas Yojana. And these schemes have witnessed only a limited success. Whenever the problem of housing for the urban poor is considered, the state and location of slums get into focus. The people living in slums are a crucial and inevitable support to the city economy. Relocation of slum people is fraught with loss of productivity and strain on the transport system and on the incomes of the poor. Their needs like housing, schooling, health centers, creches, hospices etc. have to be provided for. Financial support to the poor with regard to their housing needs will have to be imaginatively provided by banks and related institutions.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, 160 tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.) lines were classified by caffeine content using colorimetric methods. Among them, caffeine-rich lines (HR-78, HR-137, HR-82 and HR-123) and poor lines (HP-85, HP-88, HP-19, and HP-131) were selected. To know the difference in morphological and genetic characters between caffeine-rich and poor lines, we used leaf/shoot growth and RAPD methods. Cluster pattern of morphological characters (leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and shoot length) showed that shoot length was longer in caffein-rich lines than in -poor lines. In genetic analysis, amplified DNA bands having various sizes were detected in RAPD analysis where 30 random primers were used. However, the discriminated primer set that distinguish caffein-rich tree line from -poor lines was not found. These results can be used as the basic data to determine the morphological and genetic differences among caffein-rich and -poor lines.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.227-234
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• 2022

The proportion of people living in poverty in Soc Trang is comparatively large. 27,154 households in this province are considered to be poor, which represents 8.4 percent of all households. The gap between rural and urban areas, between farmers and other social classes in this province, tends to increase, and the living standard of people in the countryside remains difficult. This paper aims to investigate the determinant factors of poor households' income in rural areas of Soc Trang province, Vietnam. Data from 120 poor households in Vinh Chau district and Ke Sach district of Soc Trang province collected in the year 2019 is employed to test the proposed hypotheses in this study. By applying the descriptive statistical method and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the results show that the factors of production land, number of income generation activities, access to credit, means of transportation, and means of production positively affect the income per capita of poor household in the study area, whereas household size has a negative impact on the household income per capita. Considering the empirical findings, several solutions and recommendations are proposed to improve the income of poor households in Soc Trang province.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

Objectives:　The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of the near poor Families' Children via learning disability indices, frontal executive function. Methods: Seventeen children (10 boys, 7 girls, 6.6-11.9 years) from the near poor Families' were enrolled in this study. Children were evaluated for a learning disability and frontal executive function. Results: In Learning disability indices, 3 children showed low scores in subscales and 2 children showed low scores in learning quotient. In Frontal executive function, 3 children showed low scores in CCTT (Children's Color Trails Test) and 11children showed low scores in STROOP (Stroop Color and Word Test). Conclusions: Intensive management, educational programs, and additional neuropsychological tests will be needed in children with low learning scores.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2020

The purpose was to examine the factors related to subjective poor oral health in middle school and high school adolescents using data from '2019 Youth Health Behavior Online Survey'. Independent variables related to sociodemographic status and oral health related behaviors were the following:gender, grade, household economy, academic achievement, residence, frequency of daily and after lunch toothbrushing, smocking, alcohol,annual dental visit and preventive treatment. Almost all variables revealed a significant difference in poor oral health among boys and girls in school except resident area of girls and annual dental visit of boys. The odds ratios of subjective poor oral health were as follows:the highest ORs was subjective household economy and the second was frequency of daily toothbrushing in boys. The highest ORs was subjective household economy and the second was subjective academic achievement in girls.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2022

Abusive head trauma (AHT) in infants, especially acute subdural hematoma, has an extremely poor outcome. The most decisive and important finding is the appearance of a widespread low-density area on head computed tomography. This phenomenon was traditionally thought to be caused by cerebral ischemia. However, many other pathophysiological abnormalities have been found to be intricately involved. Recent studies have found that status epilepticus and hyperperfusion injures are the major causes. Another serious problem associated with AHT is cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Many infants are reported to visit to the hospital with CPA, and its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. This paper examines the background of these pathological conditions and associated factors and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in poor outcomes in AHT. In addition to the intensity of assault on the head, the peculiar pathophysiological characteristics in infants, as well as the social background specific to child abuse, are found to be associated with poor outcome.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of urban residents in the poor area by health screening for the community diagnosis. The items of health screening were history taking and physical examination by medical doctor and hearing test, check blood pressure, test for hematocrit, liver function(sGOT, sGPT), urine sugar and protein, and chest X-ray. The examinee in health screening were 437 persons and they occupied 16.9% of total residents in the poor area. Male examinee were 129 persons(9.9% of total residents) and female examinee were 308 persons(23.9% of total residents). Age group of above sixty years old, 42.0% of total residents in the poor area were participated, but only 5.9% were participated in age group of 10 to 19 years old. Among the 437 examinee, 191 persons(43.7%) had one or more abnormal findings in health screening. In male 38.7% had abnormal findings, and some what lower than that of female(45.8%). Age group of above sixty years had most high rate of abnormal findings(69.8%), in contrast to age group of 10 to 19 years old (10.9%). Diseases of the digestive system was the most common and which occupies 23.7% of total abnormal findings. And diseases of the circulatory system occupied 19.7%. Low hematocrit(14.6% of total participants of 437 persons) occupies the most common abnormal findings for screening test(hematocrit, blood pressure, hearing test, sGOT/sGPT, urine protein and urine sugar, chest X-ray) and high blood pressure(10.1%) occupied second, third; hearing impairment (5.5%), fourth ; abnormal liver function (4.1%), fifth ; sugar in urine (2.3%), sixth ; protein in urine(1.4%) and lastly abnormal chest X-ray (0.9%). The positive rate of abnormal findings in health screening was very high compared with morbidity rate by health interview. It is supposed that some portion of this high rate is by selection bias in examinee in health screening specially high participating rate in older age, and the other portion is due to the low socioecomic status and bad environment of the residents of the poor area. These findings will be good information for the research and development of health care system in the urban poor area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2021

This study intended to identify causes of poor tree vigor in the Hanbando coastal forest by investigating its geographical environment, climate condition, soil physicochemical characteristics, and growth condition of Pinus thunbergii. It divided the forest into an area with poor tree vigor or dead standing trees and a control area with good tree vigor and examined them separately. The survey showed that stand density was significantly higher in the area with poor tree vigor. In contrast, the crown width in the area with good tree vigor was wider. The number of dead standing trees and the stand density showed a negative correlation. The stand density and diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, crown height, and crown width also showed a negative correlation. The result indicated that, as the tree's stand density increases, the crowns of individual trees overlapped and the lower branches died. Then crown height and crown width decreased, and the number of leaves and photosynthesis was reduced, leading to lower tree height and weaker growth of breast diameter. As a result, tree vigor weakened, and combined with environmental pressures from the lack of moisture and nutrients in coastal soil and salty wind, P. thunbergii in coastal areas is expected to die massively. Although the causes of dead standing trees and poor tree vigor of P. thunbergii in the Hanbando coastal forest are complicated, poor management of adequate tree density in response to the growth of P. thunbergii is the primary cause. The secondary cause is external environmental pressures, including unfavorable soil conditions and salty and strong wind that obstruct the growth of P. thunbergii.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

Inadequate dietary intakes and poor health behaviors are of concern among rural residents in Korea. This study is conducted to compare dietary intakes, dietary diversity score (DDS), mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) and health related behaviors by rural, factory and urban areas in Asan. A total of 930 adults (351 men and 579 women) were interviewed to assess social economic status (SES), health related behaviors and food intakes by a 24-hour recall method. Mean age was 61.5 years with men being older (64.8 years) than women (59.3 years, p<0.001). Men in the factory area were older than rural or urban men while urban women were the youngest. Education and income of urban residents were higher than other area residents. There were more current drinkers in urban area while smoking status was not different by regions. Physical activity was significantly higher in rural or factory areas, whilst urban residents exercised more often (p<0.05). Rural or factory area residents considered themselves less healthy than others while perceived stress was lower than urban residents. Energy intakes were higher in urban residents or in men, however, after SES was controlled, energy intake did not show any differences. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were significantly higher in the urban area (p<0.05) for most nutrients except for carbohydrate, niacin, folic acid, vitamin $B_6$, iron and fiber. Sodium intake was higher in factory area than in other areas after SES was controlled. DDS of rural men and MAR of both men and women in the rural area were significantly lower when SES was controlled. In conclusion, dietary intakes, diversity, adequacy and perceived health were poor in the rural area, although other health behaviors such as drinking and perceived stress were better than in the urban area. In order to improve perceived health of rural residents, good nutrition and exercise education programs are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 1994

This study intends to analyze the trip and transportation structure of Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) where has been experiencing the rapid growth and the extra-concentration in the recent 2∼3 decades. By analyzing the trip and transportation structure which reveals the frame of travel flow phenomena on the real space, this paper evaluates the transporation policy realized in SMA for the last 10∼15 years. The policy implications of this paper are as follows; 1. The activities and the daily travel movement of SMA have been larger and more complex rapidly, but the transportation policy bas been poor. 2. The distribution of commuter's origins and destinatinos have been getting wider, and the distance between the home and the workplace longer. In short, the land use policy, the industrial policy, and housing policy have failed, and the coordination of those policies has been very poor. 3. The multi-center spatial structure was the official policy. Indeed, SMA has been reorgnized in such a way. But the implementation strategy was very poor. 4. Now, the for-business travels closely related with the multi-center structure, are increasing more and more rapidly. It is required that the strategic policy of mulit-center structure and the transportation policy should be coordinated. And as soon as possible, the more powerful mass transit system should be developed and constructed.