• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 1992

The synthesis and solution properties of polyglycerol alkyl ether($R_{12}Gn$) are described. The phase behavior, surface tension, cloud point and HLB value of polyglycerol dodecyl ether in aqueous solution and in mixed solution of surfactant /water /oil have been investigated and compared with values of polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether. The surface tension showed that $R_{12}Gn$ have sufficiently low values of surface tension and cmc to serve as useful polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. The mesophases appearing in the $R_{12}Gn$ systems were more stable in a high temperature range than the mesophases of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether systems. The cloud point and HLB data indicated that addition of one glycerol group was equivalent to the addition of three oxyethylene group units, as far as the hydrophilic property was concerned. The phase diagrams of the polyglycerol alkyl ether /dodecane /water systems showed that the solubilizing and emulsifying powers of $R_{12}Gn$ were greater than those of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. It is concluded that the polyglycerol chain can be even more useful as hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants than the polyoxyethylene chain.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2013

Experiments of emulsion particles state of using polyglycerol ester emulsifier and the stability in accordance with the change of time were conducted using several oil. Experimental results confirmed that there is little difference in the stability and particle size depending on the type of oil. Most stable oil with polyglycerol ester is polar oil of silicon series and fatty acid ester oil, hydrocarbon oil of the nonpolar oil (Mineral oil, squalane, polydecene) was the most unstable state. And vegetable oils showed the stable form of particles with polyglycerol ester emulsifier.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1443-1459
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• 2019

Polyglycerol fatty acid ester nonionic surfactants have been used for a long time in foods and have been suggested as an alternative to the safety problems of PEG based nonionic surfactants. The polyglycerol fatty acid ester surfactants are synthesized by combining a hydrophilic polyglycerin and a lipophilic fatty acid. The hydrophilic polyglycerin is polymerized using glycerin, glycidol, epichlorohydrin, etc. The main issues of the polyglycerol polymerization reaction are to increase the content of the polyglycerol in the form of linear rather than branched or cyclic forms and to narrow the distribution of the degree of polymerization. The method of binding a lipophilic fatty acid group to a hydrophilic polyglycerin includes chemical synthesis such as esterification reaction and enzyme synthesis using lipase enzyme. The main issues of polyglycerin fatty acid ester synthesis are to increase the yield and to control the degree of esterification while reducing side reactions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to prepare stable water-in-corn oil (W/O) emulsion droplets coated by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). W/O emulsions (20 wt% aqueous phase, 80 wt% oil phase containing 8 wt% PGPR) were produced by high pressure homogenization (Emulsions 1), however, appreciable amount of relatively large water droplets (d>$10{\mu}m$) were found. To facilitate droplet disruption, viscosity of each phase was adjusted: (i) increased the viscosity of aqueous phase by adding 0.1 wt% xanthan (Emulsions 2); (ii) decreased the viscosity of oil phase and aqueous phase by heating them separately at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr immediately before emulsification (Emulsions 3). Homogenizing at the elevated temperature clearly led to a smaller water droplet size, whereas xanthan neither improved nor adversely affected on the microstructures of the emulsions. In addition, the Emulsions 3 had good stability to droplet aggregation under shearing stress, thermal processing, and long term storage.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.426-431
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the addition of water-soluble isoflavone into milk by means of microencapsulation technique. The yield of microencapsulation, sensory attributes, and capsule stability of water-soluble isoflavone microcapsules in milk were measured. Coating materials used was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), and core material was water-soluble isoflavone. The encapsulation yield of water-soluble isoflavone with PGMS was 67.2% when the ratio of coating material to core material was 15 : 1. The rate of water-soluble isoflavone release from capsules was 18, 19, and 25% when stored at 4,20, and $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 days in milk, respectively. In sensory evaluation, beany flavor and color of microencapsuled water-soluble isoflavone added milk were significantly different from uncapsuled water-soluble isoflavone added milk, however, bitterness was not significantly different. In vitro study, micro-capsules of water-soluble isoflavone in simulated gastric fluid with the range of 3 to 6 pHs were released 3.0∼15.0%, however, the capsules in simulated intestinal fluid with pH 7 were released 95.7% for 40 min incubation time. In conclusion, this study provided that PGMS as coating materials was suitable for the microencapsulation of water-soluble isoflavone, and the capsule containing milk was almost not affected with sensory attribute.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

This study was designed to develop microencapsulated Korean mistletoe extract, to determine the stability in vitro and to examine its application in milk. Coating materials used were polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) and medium-chain triacylglyderol (MCT). The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was 78.3% with 15:1:40 (w/w/v) as PGMS : mistletoe extract : distilled water and 66.1% with 15:1 (w/w) as MCT : mistletoe extract. The size of microcapsule was about 30.0 and $19.5{\mu}m$ with PGMS and MCT, respectively. When microcapsules of mistletoe extract were incubated in simulated gastric fluid at pH 2 for 60 min, 14.8 and 17.2% of lectin was released from capsules which were coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. Comparatively, 83.2 and 87.3% of lectin was released in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 8) after 60 min incubation of capsules coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. The subsequent study determined the changes of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk with fortification of the mistletoe extract microcapsules during 12 day storage. TBA value was significantly lower in microcapsule-added groups than in the uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added group during the storage. When 100 ppm microencapsulated mistletoe extract was added, the L-, a- and b- values and viscosity were not significantly different from those of the control. In addition, the release of lectin from mistletoe extract over 12 days was 8.3 and 9.5 mg/100 ml in milk containing microcapsules made by PGMS and MCT, respectively. All sensory attributes showed a significant difference in uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added milk compared with other groups. The present study indicated that microcapsules of Korean mistletoe extract could be applied to milk and microcapsules coated with PGMS were effectively released in a simulated intestinal environment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

This study reports a synthesis of an amphiphilic linear block copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic poly (lactide) (PLA) block and a hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) block, PLA-b-hbPG. Simple chemical modification of the hbPG block with 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) led to a photo-crosslinkable block copolymer, PLA-b-hbPG-CA. Nanosized micelles of the block copolyemrs were used as drug carriers for sustainable release. The hbPG shell made of a small molecular weight hbPG block showed excellent hydrophilicity, which can minimize in vivo toxicity. The UV-crosslinked PLA-b-hbPG-CA micelles loaded with drugs colud be served as a drug delivery carrier for its biocompatibility and self-assembled structures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2006

Effects of microencapsulated chitooligosaccharide addition in milk were evaluated by determination of the efficiency of microencapsulation, cholesterol removal, color, viscosity and sensory properties. Coating material was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) and the efficiency of microencapsulation was 88.08% at a 10:1 ratio of coating to core materials (w/w). When 0.5% of microencapsulated chitooligosaccharide was added into milk, the color values (L, a, and b) and viscosity were significantly different from those of noncapsulated chitooligosaccharide-added groups (p<0.05). The release of chitooligosaccharide from microcapsules was 7.6% in milk at $4^{\circ}C$ for 15-day storage. In both 0.5 and 1.5% microencapsulation addition, the scores of all sensory characteristics except for off-flavor were significantly different between encapsulated chitooligosaccharide and noncapsulated chitooligosaccharide-added groups during all periods of storage. The present study indicated that chitooligosaccharide microcapsules could be applicable into commercial milk with little adverse effects on physical and sensory properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 1994

Changes of lipid components in modified oleoresin during cooking at high temperature were investigated. In preparation of the modified oleoresin, dried red pepper was milled to 100 mesh of size particle and extracted oily compounds by reduced pressure steam distillation . The rest part was reextracted and concentrated and concentrated. The extracts were combined. The same volume of water and 4% of polyglycerol condensed ricinoleate (PGDR) were added to the combined extract, and emulsified to make oleresin red pepper. Non-polar lipid components were quantified 3 times higher in the oleoresin than polar lipid components . The components of non-polar lipd was mainly triglyceride comprising 75.8%. The level of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were 38.6and 26.1%, respectively. linoleic acid was distinctively abundant (63.1%) and followed by palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid in the oleoresin. Oxidation of lipid at high temperature was principally affected by temperature rather than oxygen existence . With the result of oxidation , palmitic acid and myristic acid increased, however, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.478-483
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• 1996

다관능성 에폭사이드 PPE(Polyglycerol Polyglycidyl Ether)를 양모섬유에 처리하였을 때 부가반응의 특성을 고찰하였다. 에폭사이드 PPE에 의한 부가반응이 촉매작용을 하는 NaSCN 존재하에서 이관능성 EGDE보다 높은 부가율을 얻을 수 있었다. 에폭사이드 부가반응은 고온에서 반응이 잘 일어나며 에폭사이드 처리욕의 pH는 반응 초기 급격히 상승했다가 이후 점차 초기 값까지 안정화된다. 처리한 양모섬유를 FTIR의 KBr-pellet법과 ATR법에 의해 분석하여 absorbance ratio를 비교하였을 때 부가반응은 표면으로의 그라프트 반응이 우세함을 알 수 있었으며 이러한 결과는 SEM 관측을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. Performic acid/Ammonia solubility를 에폭사이드 처리 양모섬유에 적용하여 용해도 변화를 보았을 때 부가된 양이 많을수록 용해도 값이 감소하며 특히 15.6%를 중심으로 용해도 변화가 둔화되었다. 아미노산 분석으로 에폭사이드가 반응한 아미노산이 cystine임을 알 수 있었으며 단백질 사슬간에 가교반응이 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.