• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.87-105
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analysis the Clinical Study Trends on Korean Medicine Treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Methods: The key words such as 'polycystic ovary syndrome', 'polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'korean medicine', 'herbal medicine', 'acupuncture' are used for the research through 'OASIS', 'KCI', 'KISS', 'RISS'. Results: Ten clinical studies with 73 patients were selected. All studies were the noncomparative studies, and 8 case reports, 1 case series, 1 retrospective chart review. Symptoms accompanied by PCOS were oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, hirsutism, acne, obesity etc. The most used treatment was herbal medicine in all studies with 72 patients (98.6%). The most frequently used acupuncture and moxibustion point was respectively 合谷 (LI4) and 關元 (CV4). The duration of treatment was between 3 months and 10 months, the average 159 days. Outcome measurements were Recovery of menstrual cycle (97.6%), Hormone test (23.8%), Sonogram (61.9%), Indexes of obesity (23.8%). In terms of menstrual recovery, 35 patients (85.4%) have recovered from menstruation in 8 studies with 41 patients. In hormone tests, all 10 patients have decrease of LH/FSH ratio and LH in 3 studies with 10 patients. Through sonogram, Ovulation menstruation was confirmed in all 6 patients. In all 10 patients of 3 studies evaluating weight before and after treatment, weight was reduced. Conclusions: The effect on Korean Medicine treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome had mostly positive results. However, Further large, well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish the foundation of Korean Medicine treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.122-137
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• 2018

Objectives: This study is to review the effect of Korean medicinal herbs on treatment of polycystic ovary induced rat models reported in domestic & foreign journals. Methods: 7 electronic databases (Pubmed, CNKI, EMBASE, Oasis, RISS, CENTRAL, Koreankt) were searched with term as polycystic ovary, and study reports on polycystic ovary impairment with Korean medicinal herbs. After selecting several studies, the analysis was focused on items reflected in the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome such as hyperandrogenism (HA), ovarian weight, the number of follicle cysts, estrous cycles, and etc. Results: 15 studies were reviewed. As a polycystic ovary induction material, estradiol valerate (EV) was used in 9 studies, testosterone propionate (TP) in 2 studies and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Poretsky's method and letrozole (LE) was used in rest 4 studies, respectively. Tribulus terrestris (TT), Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ), Lycii cortex (LC), Cinnamomum cassia kees (CCK) and Atractylodis macrocephalae koidz (AMK) produced statistically significant results related to hyperandrogenism. In ovarian weight, Silybum marianum (SM), AMK and Alllium sativum (AS) were statistically significant. In the the number of follicle cysts, SM and TT were statistically significant. In estrous cycles, AMK, NJ, TT and Coix lacryma-jobi (CL) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Based on the diagnosis criteria of Rotterdam, TT, NJ, AMK, SM, AS, and CL produced statistically significant results in rat model.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2023

Objective: Polycystic ovary (PCO), a diagnostic component of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), requires either an ovarian volume (OV) criterion or a follicle number per ovary (FNPO) criterion. This study investigated the association of OV and FNPO criteria with various manifestations of PCOS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital among 100 patients newly diagnosed with PCOS (according to the revised Rotterdam criteria). Fasting blood samples were collected to measure glucose, total testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), lipid, insulin, and hemoglobin A1c levels. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound of the ovaries was done, depending on patients' marital status. All investigations were conducted in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. OV >10 mL and/or FNPO ≥12 indicated PCO. A homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR) value ≥2.6 indicated IR, and metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the international harmonization criteria. Results: Seventy-six participants fulfilled the OV criterion, 70 fulfilled the FNPO criterion, and 89 overall had PCO. Both maximum OV and mean OV had a significant correlation with TT levels (r=0.239, p=0.017 and r=0.280, p=0.005, respectively) and the LH/FSH ratio (r=0.212, p=0.034 and r=0.200, p=0.047, respectively). Mean OV also had a significant correlation with fasting insulin levels (r=0.210, p=0.036). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that IR (odds ratio [OR], 9.429; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.701 to 52.271; p=0.010) and MS (OR, 7.952; 95% CI, 1.821 to 34.731; p=0.006) had significant predictive associations with OV alone, even after adjustment for age and body mass index. Conclusion: OV may be more closely related to the androgenic and metabolic characteristics of PCOS than FNPO.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity management program with herbal medication(Changbudodamtanggamibang) on an obese female patient with oligomenorrhea resulted from polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods I applied herbal medication(Changbudodamtanggamibang), acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, electrolipolysis, low calorie diet, aerobic exercise, behavioral modification therapy and fumigation therapy to her. Results Her weight decreased from 64.3kg to 54.0kg, BMI from $26.4kg/m^2$ to $22.2kg/m^2$, PBF from 38.9% to 29.6%, and WHR from 0.89 to 0.82. Menstrual period was normalized from 60days to 34days. ConclusionThese results provides an evidence that obesity management program with herbal medication(Changbudodamtanggamibang) is effective on oligomenorrhea of an obese female patient with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

Objectives: To report the effect of Sajaehyangbu-hwan on a polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patient with anovulation. Methods: The patient with PCOS was treated by Sajaehyangbu-hwan twice a day. The patient measured basal body temperature(BBT) and took a urine luteinizing hormone test(LH test) for three months to predict ovulation. Results: Two ovulations were observed in BBT and LH test results within three months and the typical biphasic BBT pattern was established. Conclusions: Sajaehyangbu-hwan has an effect on establishing obvious biphasic pattern in BBT of the patient with PCOS and the anovulation caused by PCOS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.20-30
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• 2011

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common condition characterised by menstrual abnormalities. PCOS is now recognised to be a metabolic syndrome which may include hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and possibly cardiac disease. Cyperi Rhizoma(CR) can soothe the liver to regulate gi and regulate menstruation to relieve pain. For these reasons, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CR on metabolic syndrome in PCO rats. Methods: Female rats injected with a single dose of 2 mg/kg estradiol valerate (EV) develop PCO, CR was given for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks administration of drugs, body weights, food uptake, Fasting Blood Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Total Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride were measured once a week. Results: In this experiment, single injection of EV induced hyperlipidemia, but it did not affect serum glucose levels. Oral administration of CR prevent weight loss shown in control group. In addition, treatment with CR can lower total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum compared to PCO induced control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that CR can regulate hyperlipidemia in PCOS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.77-88
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the pulse energy in women with PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) compared with women who have a regular menstrual cycle. Methods: We analyzed the values of pulse energy on 20 patients with PCOS as an experimental group and 40 patients with regular menstrual cycle as a control group. Control group was divided into 20 women with follicular phase and 20 women with luteal phase respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS/Win 18.0, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The mean pulse energy of the Right Chon was significantly increased compared with those of the Left Kwan and the Right Kwan among PCOS group. 2. There were no statistically significant pulse energy among control groups. Conclusions: The pulse energy of Lung is bigger than that of Spleen and Liver in PCOS patients compared with women who have a regular menstrual cycle.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.67-86
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of herbal medicine treatment for glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) in 6 electronic databases and search key words were 'PCOS' and 'chinese medicine' or 'herbal medicine' and 'Metabolic syndrome' or 'glucose' or 'lipid'. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool. Results: We finally selected 7 studies. In 3 of selected studies, herbal medicine was more effective than western medicine in all outcomes and in other 3 selected studies, herbal medicine was partially more effective than western medicine. Conclusions: The study provides a basis for applying herbal medicine treatment to patients with metabolic syndrome caused by PCOS and helps developing a treatment protocol of caring patients with PCOS. But the limitation of this study is that the number of studies included is small and lack of uniformity of outcome indicators made it difficult to observe overall interrelationship between indicators.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

Objectives: To investigate the distribution and functional significance of $CYP11{\alpha}$ $(tttta)_n$ microsatellite polymorphism in Korean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Materials and Methods: Analysis of $CYP11{\alpha}$ $(tttta)_n$ microsatellite polymorphism was carried out on DNA samples from 97 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 70 normal controls. Comparison were done between PCOS patients and controls concerning $CYP11{\alpha}$ $(tttta)_n$ microsatellite polymorphism genotype or allele frequencies. Results: The most frequent allele observed in the controls was an allele with six repeats (60.7%). Significant difference in the frequency of genotype (4R (-) genotype) having no copy of four-repeatallele were observed between PCOS patients and controls (66.0% vs 34.0%, p=0.038, OR=1.939). But no significant difference was observed in the serum levels of total testosterone or free testosterone between 4R (+) genotype and 4R (-) genotype among PCOS patients. However, hyperandrogenic PCOS patients with 4R (+) genotype showed a higher serum testosterone levels compared to controls (mean $\pm$ S.D: $0.49{\pm}0.21\;ng/ml$ vs $0.37{\pm}0.18\;ng/ml$, p=0.037). Conclusion: The alleleic distribution of $CYP11{\alpha}$ $(tttta)_n$ microsatellite polymorphism in Korean subjects were different from those reported in Caucasians. $CYP11{\alpha}$ $(tttta)_n$ microsatellite polymorphism was associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in the Korean population, and may play a role in the synthesis of androgens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2021

Objective: In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. Methods: Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. Results: Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9 and BMPR2 (p<0.05). Serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in the PCO animals than in the control group (p<0.05). No significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. Conclusion: In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.