• Title/Summary/Keyword: Polyamide-6(PA-6)

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Preparation and Characterization of Polyamide/MEPDM Alloy to Improve a Low Temperature Impact Strength and Antistatic Property (저온 충격강도 및 대전방지성 향상을 위한 개질 EPDM을 함유한 polyamide alloy의 제조 및 물성)

  • Lee, Soo;Jin, Seok-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2011
  • Alloys of nylon(PA6) and ethylene-propylene-diene polymer, modified with maleic anhydride(MEPDM) were prepared using a melt kneading process. This study focuses on the effects of the content of MEPDM in PA6 blend on the mechanical and thermal properties of such blends where MEPDM is the dispersed phase. Mechanical properties were examined by stress-strain measurements and impact strength test. Both impact strength of PA6/MEPDM at room temperature and at $-20^{\circ}C$ were improved up to 400-550% with the amounts of MEPDM. However, PA6/MEPDM containing 3-5 wt% of MEPDM showed the about $700kg_f/m^2$ of the maximum tensile strength but 8.5 % of the lowest elongation. For certain compositions of PA6 with rubbery MEPDM, the interesting reduction of elongation is caused by the reaction of the polyamide amine end groups with maleic anhydride portion in MEPDM, that provided a reinforcement in the PA6 matrix. In addition, the introduction of antistatic agent on the surface of alloys causes significant reduction of their surface electrostatic resistance.

Melt viscosity and Morphology of Reactive Blends (Coupling Agent를 이용한 Polyamide 6와 Polyester Elastomer의 반응동반 블랜드)

  • Byung Kyu Kim;Sang Hyun Baek;Lee Keun Yoon
    • The Korean Journal of Rheology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 1999
  • Melt blends of polyamide 6 (PA 6) with polyester elastomer (PEL) were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder using two types of coupling agent(CA), viz. diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 1,4-phenylene bis(2-oxazoline) (PBO). Notched impact strength of PA 6 as well as PA 6/PEL blends increased with the addition of coupling agent, especially with DGEBA and the maximum impact toughening of the blend was obtained with 0.6%(by mol) DGEBA, where a minimum domain size was observed from SEM. Melt viscosities of the untreated blends were higher than those of base resins at low frequencies. Viscosities of base resins as well as blends increased with the addition of CA, and the effect was much more pronounced with DGEBA, especially for PA 6 and PA 6-rich blends.

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Flame Retardant Synergistic Performance between Cyclic Diphosphonate Ester and Melamine in Polyamide 6 (Polymide 6에서 Cyclic Diphosphonate Ester와 Melamine의 난연 효과)

  • Wang, Xueli;Jiang, Jianming;Yang, Shenglin;Jin, Junhong;Li, Guang
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2008
  • A commercial cyclic diphosphonate ester (TPMP) and melamine (MA) was combined and added to polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare the fire retardant PA6. An increase of the oxygen index to 28.6 as well as an improvement of the UL-94 classification to V-0 rating was observed. Cone measurements explained the rate of heat release (RHR) decreased and TGA showed the early decomposition and high solid residue due to co-addition of TPMP and MA, suggesting the occurrence of synergistic effect of TPMP and MA on fire resistance of PA6. The morphology of the char developed during combust ion showed the appearance of thick, intumescent cells on the surface of retardant PA6, which protects the underlying material from the action of the heat flux or flame and limits the diffusion of combustible volatile products towards the flame and oxygen.

Microfiltration/ultrafiltration polyamide-6 membranes for copper removal from aqueous solutions

  • El-Gendi, Ayman;Ali, Sahar;Abdalla, Heba;Saied, Marwa
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2016
  • Microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) Adsorptive polyamide-6 (PA-6) membranes were prepared using wet phase inversion process. The prepared PA-6 membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity and swelling degree. In this study, the membranes performance has examined by adsorptive removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions in a batch adsorption mode. The $PA-6/H_2O$ membranes display sponge like and highly porous structures, with porosities of 41-73%. Under the conditions examined, the adsorption experiments have showed that the $PA-6/H_2O$ membranes had a good adsorption capacity (up to 120-280 mg/g at the initial copper ion concentration ($C_0$) = 680 mg/L, pH7), fast adsorption rates and short adsorption equilibrium times (less than 1.5-2 hrs) for copper ions. The fast adsorption in this study may be attributed to the high porosities and large pore sizes of the $PA-6/H_2O$ membranes, which have facilitated the transport of copper ions to the adsorption. The results obtained from the study illustrated that the copper ions which have adsorbed on the polyamide membranes can be effectively desorbed in an Ethylene dinitrilotetra acetic acid Di sodium salt ($Na_2$ EDTA) solution from initial concentration (up to 92% desorption efficiency) and the PA-6 membranes can be reused almost without loss of the adsorption capacity for copper ions. The results obtained from the study suggested that the $PA-6/H_2O$ membranes can be effectively applied for the adsorptive removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions.

A Study on the Compatibility of Polycarbonate/Polyamide 6 Blends (Polycarbonate/Polyamide 6 블랜드의 상용성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Tae-Wook;Lee, Chi-Giu;Haw, Jung-Rim
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.601-615
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    • 1993
  • A series of polycarbonate(PC)/polyamide 6(PA6) blends were prepared by three different blending methods to investigate their compatibility. From the DSC results, all of these blends have two Tg's in their own Tg regions, and there was no significant depression of the melting point and the crystallization temperature of PA6. With respect to the microstructure of the blends by SEM, the phase separation occurred at very low blend compositions, PC/PA6=95/5 and 5/95, already. In addition, a method is proposed to determine the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter(${\chi}_{12}$) in polymer blend systems by using the experimentally determined Tg's. The values of ${\chi}_{12}$ obtained were 0.0381, 0.0411, 0.0418, for solution casting, solution precipitation, and extrusion blending methods, respectively. These values were higher than the critical value of ${\chi}_{12}$,($({\chi}_{12})_c$, 0.0271). Therefore it was concluded that the PC/PA6 blend system have little compatibility.

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Microstructural Morphology of Molded Thin Composites of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer and Polyamide 6 (서모트로픽 액정폴리머와 폴리아미드6으로 성형된 얇은 복합재료의 미세구조형태)

  • Choe, Nak-Sam;Choe, Gi-Yeong;Ha, Seong-Gyu
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.24 no.7 s.178
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    • pp.1703-1711
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    • 2000
  • Microstructural morphology of molded composites of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(LCP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) has been studied as a function of epoxy fraction. Injection-moulding of a thin composite plaque at a temperature below the melting point of the LCP fibrils by suing the extruded LCP/PA6 pellets produced multi-layered structures: 1) the surface skin layer with thickness of 65-120 ym exhibiting a transverse orientation, 2) the sub-skin layer with an orientation perpendicular to the surface skin, i.e. in the flow direction, 3) the core layer with arc-curved flow patterns. Similar microstructural orientations were observed in the respective layers for the composite plaques with different fractions of epoxy.

Effect of Adding Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes (FCN) on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide-Nylon 6 (그래핀/탄소나노튜브(FCN) 첨가에 따른 Polyamide-Nylon 6의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Seung-Jun Yeo;Hae-Reum Shin;Woo-Seung Noh;Man-Tae Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.26 no.6_3
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    • pp.1297-1303
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    • 2023
  • Research on enhancing the mechanical strength, lightweight properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of composite materials by incorporating nano-materials is actively underway. Thermoplastic resins can change their form under heat, making them highly processable and recyclable. In this study, Polyamide-Nylon 6 (PA6), a thermoplastic resin, was utilized, and as reinforcing agents, fused carbon nano-materials (FCN) formed by structurally combining Carbon Nanotube(CNT) and Graphene were employed. Nano-materials often face challenges related to cohesion and dispersion. To address this issue, Silane functional groups were introduced to enhance the dispersion of FCN in PA6. The manufacturing conditions for the composite materials involved determining the use of a dispersant and varying FCN content at 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, and 0.2 wt%. Tensile strength measurements were conducted, and FE-SEM analysis was performed on fracture surfaces. As a result of the tensile strength test, it was confirmed that compared to pure PA6, the strength of the polymer composite with a content of 0.05 wt% was improved by about 60%, for 0.1 wt%, about 65%, and for 0.2 wt%, the strength was improved by 50%. Also, when compared according to the content of FCN, the best strength value was shown when 0.1 wt% was added. The elastic modulus also showed an improvement of about 15% in the case of surface treatment compared to the case without surface treatment, and an improvement of about 70% compared to pure PA6. Through FE-SEM, it was confirmed that the matrix material and silane-modified nanomaterial improved the dispersibility and bonding strength of the interface, helping to support the load evenly and enabling effective stress transfer.

Effect of Mechanical and Toughening Characteristics of Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composite by Polyamide 6 Particles, CTBN Addition Technology (Polyamide 6 입자 및 CTBN 첨가 기술에 따른 에폭시/탄소섬유 복합재의 강인화 효과 및 기계적 특성)

  • Sung-Youl Bae;Kyo-Moon Lee;Sanjay Kumar;Ji-Hun Seok;Jae-Wan Choi;Woo-Hyuk Son;Yun-Hae Kim
    • Composites Research
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.355-360
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    • 2023
  • Epoxy-based carbon fibers reinforced plastic (CFRP) exhibit limitations in their suitability for industrial applications due to high brittleness characteristics. To address this challenge, extensive investigations are underway to enhance their toughness properties. This research focuses on evaluating the toughening mechanisms achieved by Polyamide 6 particles(p-PA6) and Carboxyl-Terminated Butadiene-Acrylonitrile (CTBN) elastomer, with a specific emphasis on utilizing minimal additive quantities. The study explores the impact of varying concentrations of p-PA6 and CTBN additives, namely 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 phr, through comprehensive Mode I fracture toughness and tensile strength analyses. The inclusion of p-PA6 demonstrated improvements in toughness when introduced at a relatively low content of 1phr. This improvement manifested as a sustained fracture behavior, contributing to enhanced toughness, while simultaneously maintaining the material's tensile strength. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the incorporation of p-PA6 affected in particle aggregation, thus influencing the overall toughening mechanism. Incorporation of CTBN, an elastomeric modifier, exhibited a pronounced increase in fracture toughness at higher concentrations of 2.5 phr and beyond. However, this increase in toughness was accompanied by a reduction in tensile strength, resulting in fracture behavior similar to conventional CFRP exhibiting brittleness. The synergy between pPA6, CTBN and CFRP appeared to marginally enhance tensile strength under specific content conditions. As a result of this study, optimized conditions for the application of the p-PA6, CTBN toughening technology have been identified and established.

Development of membrane blend using casting technique for water desalination

  • El-Gendi, A.;Ali, S.S.;Ahmed, S.A.;Talaat, H.A.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2012
  • Membrane separation technologies have some of advantages are considered a better alternative to traditional methods. Research of novel membranes is very vital for covering the higher required of membrane in several purposes like water desalting technology. In this work polyamide-6/cellulose acetate (PA-6/CA) blend membrane was developed according to the wet phase inversion system. The structures of the prepared membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed uniform particles distribution in the prepared membranes. Moreover, SEM images revealed that the membranes have relatively uniform surface (PA-6/CA). PA-6/CA blend membranes systems are evaluated by using synthetic NaCl solution. The separation performance showed that salt rejection increased with increasing of heat treatment of the casted films and it was improved with increasing of operating pressure.