• 국제지역연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

Based on the samples of the Chinese listed companies, this paper studies the influence of political connection on enterprises M&A. We show that the political networks of the listed corporations in China considerably affect their M&A activities. More and greater M&A appear on the companies with political connection. The government mostly influences the political connections on the enterprises M&A. Moreover, we try to find out how much political connection affect the results of the enterprises M&A. Our study can contribute to a new aspect of the political connection in literature, as well as its fiscal consequences in China.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2023

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of greed, opportunity, need, exposes on fraudulence financial reporting by using the distribution of political connections as a moderating variable. Research design, data, methodology: Using data collected from 180 respondents who were leaders involved in financial reports in state-owned companies and manufacturing companies in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data analysis using SEM PLS. Results: The results of this research show that greed, opportunity, need, exposes, political connections have a significant positive effect on fraudulence financial reporting. Political connection is able to moderate greed, need, exposes to fraudulence financial reporting. Furthermore, political connections are unable to moderate the opportunity for fraudulence financial reporting in company. Conclusion: Greed, opportunities, needs, exposes can influence someone to carry out financial fraud reporting in the company because of internal or external factors that cause someone to commit fraud. Every perpetrator of fraud should be subject to punishment or sanctions if proven to have committed fraud. Political connections can influence fraudulent financial reporting due to the potential for intervention and political pressure that can affect the integrity of financial reporting. Political connections are able to moderate greed, need, exposes against fraudulent financial reporting.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.131-152
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• 2021

Political connections may facilitate firms' exporting activities, particularly in developing countries, because politically connected firms may be more likely to receive informational and financial support, allowing them to overcome barriers to export. We test this hypothesis using a unique, firm-level dataset from traditional apparel and textile clusters in the Red River Delta Region in Northern Vietnam. We find that political connection of certain types increases the chance of receiving valuable information or financial support from the government. Moreover, those firms that have access to government information have higher chances of being direct exporters. However, firms that receive financial support from the government are not necessarily engaged in exporting activities. Although politically connected firms are more willing to export, they do not necessarily engage in more exporting activities than firms without such connections. These results suggest that the misallocation of information and financial resources to politically connected but insufficiently productive firms leads to a failure to promote exporting activities. In contrast, political connection increases the chance of importing materials and parts, possibly because high productivity is necessary for exporting, but not for importing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.627-637
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• 2021

This research extends the literature on the effect of board characteristics and ownership structure on audit fees; these factors affect the firm's agency costs and how the auditor assesses various risks, hence the audit efforts and fees. The paper introduces political connections as a determinant of audit fees for the first time in Jordan, where the political connection is prevalent and affects decision making on the Jordanian boards. The sample consists of 109 manufacturing and service firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the years 2012-2019. Data is obtained from the ASE and the company's annual reports. Board characteristics are measured by board size, independence, leadership duality, meetings frequency, political connections, and audit committee. Ownership structure was measured by concentration, foreign ownership, and Institutional ownership. The study hypotheses were tested by using Generalized Least Squares regression. The Findings showed that larger boards, politically connected firms, and firms with leadership duality are more likely to pay higher fees. Besides, Firms with greater foreign ownership pay less fees, whereas the rest of the variables are insignificant. Results suggest that political connections play a major role in determining audit fees; this provides a recommendation to policymakers in Jordan to reconsider regulations regarding political connections.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.592-594
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• 2009

In this paper we consider voting analysis in the political science in connection with $B_n$(or $M_n${0, 1}), the semigroup of the binary relations on X with n elements. We also consider it in connection with $M_n$(F) (or $B_n$(F)), the semigroup of all fuzzy binary relations on X. Also we establish a possibility theorem and an impossibility theorem in voting analysis based on preferences in $B_n$ and $M_n$(F).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2020

많은 나라에 정치적 연결이 널리 퍼져 있으며 현재 경제연구에서 화두가 되고 있다. 중국에서는 기업들이 여러 가지 방법으로 정치적 연결을 활발히 형성하고 있다. 본 논문은 연구모델과 이론분석을 바탕으로 2010~2014년 중국 A주 상장부동산의 재무자료와 기업지배구조 자료를 활용해 정치연계 및 기업성과의 연구 모델을 제시하고 구성한다. 논문은 주로 CEO의 정치 연관성을 분석한다. 이 연구는 분석 결과에 대해 일변량 회귀 분석과 다변량 분석을 사용하여 강건성 테스트를 수행한다. 실증적 연구 분석은 세 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 중국 상장 부동산 기업의 경우 CEO 정치 연계는 기업 실적과 상당히 부정적인 상관관계를 가지고 있다. 이는 CEO가 정치적 연줄이 있는 부동산 기업이 다른 기업보다 낮은 성과를 얻는다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, CEO의 개인적 특성에서 연령, 성별, 교육수준은 기업의 성과와 긍정적인 관계를 가지며, 추가적인 이후 상황은 기업의 성과와 부정적으로 관련되어 있다는 것을 의미한다. 마지막으로 기업 특성은 기업의 성과와 부정적인 관계를 가지며, 최고 관리자 수는 기업의 성과와 긍정적으로 관련되어 있다. 이 연구는 중국 부동산 산업의 정치적 연관성에 대한 연구를 수행했으며, 기업의 발전에 유익한 참고 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: This study mainly aims to investigate the connection between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior of bank employee. Another objective of this study is to check out the mediating impact of perceived organizational politics of bank personnel on the connection between their job happiness and citizenship behavior. Research design, data and methodology: Snowball sampling is utilized in this study, which is done among bank personnel at different public and private banks across north-eastern region of Bangladesh as well as information is accumulated through the use of a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. IBM SPSS v22, Andrew F. Hayes process macro v3.5 and SmartPLS 3 are used to complete descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study results explore that employees' political perception has a negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior where bank employees' job happiness has a positive impact on structural citizenship manners and negative impact on perceived organizational politics. Surprisingly, perceptions of organizational politics were found to have an insignificant mediating effect on the connection between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusions: The present study reveals that satisfied bank personnel shows positive and constructive actions toward their organization where their political perception has an insignificant mediation.

• 한국연극학
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• 제52호
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• pp.5-59
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• 2014

This paper investigates the development and aesthetics of Korean political theatre from its quickening period 1920s to democratization era 1990s. Political theatre before 90s developed an antithesis resistant movement toward Korean modern history that had been scattered with suppressing political circumstances such as colonial era and dictatorial government, the movement has powerful activity and social influences. Just like the 20 century political theatre had been quickened under the influence of Marxism at Russia and Germany in 1920s, Korea's political theatre began in socialism theatre movement form around the same time. Proletarian theatre groups had been founded in Japan and Korea, and developed into practical movement with organized connection. However, the political theatre movement in Japanese colonial era was an empty vessel makes great sound but not much accomplishments. Most performance had been canceled or disapproved by suppression or censorship of the Japanese Empire. The political theatre in liberation era was the left drama inherited from Proletarian theatre of the colonial era. Korean Theatre alliance took lead the theatrical world unfold activities based on theatre popularization theory such as 'culture activists' taking a jump up the line and 'independent theatre' peeping into production spot as well as the important event, Independence Movement Day Memorial tournament theatre. Since 1947, US army military government in Korea strongly oppressed the left performances to stop and theatrical movement was ended due to many left theatrical people defection to North Korea. The political theatre in 1960s to 70s the Park regime, developed in dramatically different ways according to orthodox group and group out of power. The political theatre of institutional system handled judgment on sterile people and had indirect political theatre from that took history material and allegory technique because of censorship. In political theatre out of institution, it started outdoor theatre that has modernized traditional performance style and established deep relationship with labor spot and culture movement organizations. Madangguek(Outdoor theatre) is 'Attentive political theatre', satirizing and offending the political and social inconsistencies such as the dictatorial government's oppression and unbalanced distribution, alienation of general people, and foreign powers' pillage sharply as well as laughing at the Establishment with negative characters. The political theatre in 1980s is divided into two categories; political theatre of institutional system and Madangguek. Institutional Political theatre mainly performed in Korea Theatre Festival and the theatre group 'Yeonwoo-Moudae' led political theatre as private theatre company. Madangguek developed into an outdoor theatrical for indoor theatre capturing postcolonial historical view. Yeonwoo-Moudae theatre company produced representative political plays at 80s such as The chronicles of Han's, Birds fly away too, and so on by combining freewheeling play spirit of Madangguek and epic theatre. Political theatre was all the rage since the age of democratization started in 1987 and political materials has been freed from ban. However, political theatre was slowly declined as real socialism was crumbling and postmodernism is becoming the spirit of the times. After 90s, there are no more plays of ideology and propaganda that aim at politicization of theatre. As the age rapidly entered into the age of deideology, political theatre discourse also changed greatly. The concept 'the political' became influential as a new political possibility that stands up to neoliberalism system in the evasion of politics. Rather than reenact political issues, it experiments new political theatre that involves something political by deconstructing and reassigning audience's political sense with provocative forms, staging others and drawing discussion about it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1097-1104
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• 2020

This research seeks to provide evidence about how political connections, proxied by government ownership and the existence of politically connected board members, affect the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in Indonesian listed companies. This research uses the legitimacy theory as a basis for explaining management's motivation for disclosing its CSR. The sample consists of 131 firm-year observations from 38 non-financial public companies that published sustainability reports from 2013 to 2017. We measured the CSR disclosures using a disclosure checklist on the sustainability reports. We subsequently processed the data using a random effect (RE) linear regression. The result shows that CSR disclosures were greater in government-owned companies but lower in companies that have politically connected board members. The results support the legitimacy theory that the government intends to demonstrate legitimate national economic and political conditions by showing that government-owned companies are sustainable. However, CSR disclosures seem to have a substitutive relationship with the existence of politically connected board members, since those political connections may protect the company from public pressure and/or the risk of litigation, reducing the need for CSR disclosures. This research provides evidence that different types of political connections may have different impacts on corporate disclosures.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-76
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• 2021

本研究通过高层梯队理论和人力资本理论探究中国民营企业首席执行官的政治关系为企业所带来的影响。首席执行官的个人特征对企业的战略决策产生直接或间接的影响,同时可作为企业特有的优势,为企业的可持续发展发挥着人力资本的作用。对此,本研究通过实证探究中国民营企业的首席执行官所拥有的政治关系是否对企业的人力资本企业绩效产生积极影响。另外,本研究将政治关系的直接对象-- 中国地方政府分为不同阶层,考察政治关系的人力资本价值和影响力的差异,而且预测政府补贴可以在这一关系中起到中介的作用。为了验证这一论点,以2008年至2016年间在中国上海和深圳证券交易所上市的1,451个企业的共9,849个观测值为对象进行分析,结果确认首席执行官的政治关系对企业绩效产生正向(+)的影响。另外,从各阶层的地方政府来看,只有与作为最高层地方政府的省级地方政府有政治关系时,才能对企业绩效产生积极影响；同时,只有在首席执行官拥有的人力资本的价值和影响力与省级地方政府有关联时才能发挥上述的积极影响。另外,政府补贴的中介效应在与地级地方政府有政治关系时,会具备完全中介的属性,进而对企业经营成果产生积极影响。可以说,地方政府在政府补贴支付中起到核心作用,因此经营者的政治关系常被运用为企业的非市场战略。